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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Revisão sistemática de Promitobates Roewer 1913 e análise filogenética de Mitobatinae Simon1879 (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gonyleptidae) / Systematic Review of the genus Promitobates Roewer, 1913 and cladistic analysis of Mitobatinae Simon 1879 (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gonyleptidae)

Bragagnolo, Cibele 30 November 2009 (has links)
As 10 especies nominais de Promitobates foram utilizadas na analise cladistica da subfamilia Mitobatinae. A especie P. ornatus (Mello-Leitao, 1922), amplamente distribuida e polimorfica, foi decomposta em quatro unidades monomorficas e sua taxonomia testada durante a analise cladistica. Outras duas especies que apresentaram polimorfismos (P. hatschbachi H. Soares, 1945 e P. viridigranulatus Soares & Soares, 1946) tambem foram separadas em duas unidades distintas. A analise cladistica foi efetuada com mais 20 especies de Mitobatinae, representando os 11 generos que formam a subfamilia e mais cinco representantes de Gonyleptidae. A matriz e composta por 75 caracteres, sendo 19 pertencentes a genitalia masculina; 27 as estruturas morfologicas externas presentes no escudo dorsal, tergitos livres e pedipalpos; 20 referentes as estruturas presentes nas pernas dos machos e 10 de coloracao. Duas arvores igualmente parcimoniosas foram encontradas (L=257, C.I=0.38; R.I=0.72). Mitobatinae e monofiletico, sustentado por cinco sinapomorfias nao ambiguas e grupo-irmao de Despirus parvulus (Roewer, 1927). Mitobatinae e composto por dois grandes clados; [1] um grupo que possui corpo grosseiramente retangular e machos e femeas com a coxa e o trocanter IV inermes, ou com apofises muito reduzidas, incluindo os generos: Ischnotherus, Encheiridium, Metamitobates, Ruschia, Mitobatula e Mitobates e [2] um segundo grupo que apresenta corpo grosseiramente piriforme e dimorfismo sexual na coxa e trocanter IV, com os machos apresentando principalmente forte armacao externa na coxa e apofises no trocanter, incluindo os generos: Discocyrtoides, Longiperna, Neoancistrotus e Promitobates. O genero Promitobates Roewer 1913 e revisado e uma classificacao e proposta baseada nos resultados da analise cladistica. O genero era composto por 10 especies nominais, destas, quatro sao consideradas validas: P. bellus (B. Soares, 1945); P. hatschbachi H. Soares, 1945; P. ornatus (Mello-Leitao, 1922) e P. viridigranulatus (Soares & Soares, 1946). Tres sinonimias sao propostas: P. hauseri (Sylhavy, 1979) e considerado sinonimo de P. viridigranulatus, P. margaritatus Roewer, 1931, sinonimo de P. ornatus e P. mendax H. Soares, 1945, sinonimo de P. hatschbachi. P. granulosissimus Mello-Leitao, 1932 e P. hexacanthus Koch, 1839 sao consideradas species inquirendae. Com base nos resultados da analise de P. ornatus separado em unidades distintas na analise cladistica, P. intermedius e P. nigripes sao revalidadas e, juntamente com P. ornatus, abrigam as quatro unidades monomorficas do complexo P. ornatus. Quatro especies novas sao descritas: P. sp.n1 (localidade-tipo: Ano Bom, Santa Catarina); P. sp. n2 (localidade-tipo: Reserva Morro Grande, Sao Paulo); P. sp.n3 (Localidade-tipo: Ribeirao Pires, Sao Paulo) e P. sp.n4 (Localidade-tipo: Jacarepagua, Rio de Janeiro). / A cladistic analysis of the subfamily Mitobatinae is presented. All 10 of the currently valid species of the genus Promitobates Roewer, 1913 were taken into account. Promitobates ornatus (Mello-Leitao, 1922), a polymorphic and widespread species, was initially broken into four sub-units and its taxonomy addressed with the results of the cladistic analysis. The other two polymorphic species, P. hatschbachi H. Soares, 1945 and P. viridigranulatus Soares & Soares, 1946, were also broken into two sub-units. In addition to these species, the cladistic analysis was performed with 20 other Mitobatinae species, representing the 11 genera of the subfamily, and 5 species of other Gonyleptidae genera . The character matrix comprised 75 characters: 19 from male genitalia, 27 from the general external morphology, 20 from male legs and 10 from coloration. Two equally parsimonious trees were obtained (L=257, C.I=0.38; R.I=0.72). Mitobatinae arose as a monophyletic group, sister to Despirus parvulus (Roewer, 1927). The subfamily was divided into two major groups: [1] one that possesses the body roughly rectangular and males and females with coxa and trochanter IV without large apophysis, including the genera: Ischnotherus Kury, 1991, Encheiridium Kury, 2003, Metamitobates Roewer, 1913, Ruschia Mello-Leitao, 1940, Mitobatula Roewer, 1931 and Mitobates Sundevall, 1833 and [2] one that possesses the body roughly piriform and an evident sexual dimorphism of coxa and trochanter IV, with males with a large apophysis on coxa and tubercles on trochanter IV, including the genera: Discocyrtoides Mello-Leitao, 1923, Longiperna Roewer, 1929, Neoancistrotus Mello-Leitao, 1927 and Promitobates. A taxonomic review of the genus Promitobates Roewer 1913 and a new classification, supported by the cladistc analysis results, are presented . Promitobates comprised 10 described species of which four are considered valid: P. bellus (B. Soares, 1945); P. hatschbachi H. Soares, 1945; P. ornatus (Mello-Leitao, 1922) and P. viridigranulatus (Soares & Soares, 1946). The following species are synonymized: P. hauseri (Sylhavy, 1979), considered a senior synonym of P. viridigranulatus (Soares & Soares, 1946); P. margaritatus Roewer, 1931 considered a senior synonym of P. ornatus (Mello-Leitao, 1922) and P. mendax H. Soares, 1945, considered a senior synonym of P. hatschbachi H. Soares, 1945. Promitobates granulosissimus Mello-Leitao, 1932 and P. hexacanthus Koch, 1839 are considered species inquirendae. Based on the results of the cladistc analysis, with P. ornatus separated in four subunits, P. intermedius (Mello-Leitao 1935) and P. nigripes (Mello-Leitao, 1935) are revalidated. Four new species are described: P. sp. n1 (type-locality: Ano Bom, Santa Catarina); P. sp. n2 (type-locality: Reserva Morro Grande, Sao Paulo); P. sp.n3 (type-locality: Ribeirao Pires, Sao Paulo) and P. sp.n4 (typelocality: Jacarepagua, Rio de Janeiro).
2

Revisão sistemática de Promitobates Roewer 1913 e análise filogenética de Mitobatinae Simon1879 (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gonyleptidae) / Systematic Review of the genus Promitobates Roewer, 1913 and cladistic analysis of Mitobatinae Simon 1879 (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gonyleptidae)

Cibele Bragagnolo 30 November 2009 (has links)
As 10 especies nominais de Promitobates foram utilizadas na analise cladistica da subfamilia Mitobatinae. A especie P. ornatus (Mello-Leitao, 1922), amplamente distribuida e polimorfica, foi decomposta em quatro unidades monomorficas e sua taxonomia testada durante a analise cladistica. Outras duas especies que apresentaram polimorfismos (P. hatschbachi H. Soares, 1945 e P. viridigranulatus Soares & Soares, 1946) tambem foram separadas em duas unidades distintas. A analise cladistica foi efetuada com mais 20 especies de Mitobatinae, representando os 11 generos que formam a subfamilia e mais cinco representantes de Gonyleptidae. A matriz e composta por 75 caracteres, sendo 19 pertencentes a genitalia masculina; 27 as estruturas morfologicas externas presentes no escudo dorsal, tergitos livres e pedipalpos; 20 referentes as estruturas presentes nas pernas dos machos e 10 de coloracao. Duas arvores igualmente parcimoniosas foram encontradas (L=257, C.I=0.38; R.I=0.72). Mitobatinae e monofiletico, sustentado por cinco sinapomorfias nao ambiguas e grupo-irmao de Despirus parvulus (Roewer, 1927). Mitobatinae e composto por dois grandes clados; [1] um grupo que possui corpo grosseiramente retangular e machos e femeas com a coxa e o trocanter IV inermes, ou com apofises muito reduzidas, incluindo os generos: Ischnotherus, Encheiridium, Metamitobates, Ruschia, Mitobatula e Mitobates e [2] um segundo grupo que apresenta corpo grosseiramente piriforme e dimorfismo sexual na coxa e trocanter IV, com os machos apresentando principalmente forte armacao externa na coxa e apofises no trocanter, incluindo os generos: Discocyrtoides, Longiperna, Neoancistrotus e Promitobates. O genero Promitobates Roewer 1913 e revisado e uma classificacao e proposta baseada nos resultados da analise cladistica. O genero era composto por 10 especies nominais, destas, quatro sao consideradas validas: P. bellus (B. Soares, 1945); P. hatschbachi H. Soares, 1945; P. ornatus (Mello-Leitao, 1922) e P. viridigranulatus (Soares & Soares, 1946). Tres sinonimias sao propostas: P. hauseri (Sylhavy, 1979) e considerado sinonimo de P. viridigranulatus, P. margaritatus Roewer, 1931, sinonimo de P. ornatus e P. mendax H. Soares, 1945, sinonimo de P. hatschbachi. P. granulosissimus Mello-Leitao, 1932 e P. hexacanthus Koch, 1839 sao consideradas species inquirendae. Com base nos resultados da analise de P. ornatus separado em unidades distintas na analise cladistica, P. intermedius e P. nigripes sao revalidadas e, juntamente com P. ornatus, abrigam as quatro unidades monomorficas do complexo P. ornatus. Quatro especies novas sao descritas: P. sp.n1 (localidade-tipo: Ano Bom, Santa Catarina); P. sp. n2 (localidade-tipo: Reserva Morro Grande, Sao Paulo); P. sp.n3 (Localidade-tipo: Ribeirao Pires, Sao Paulo) e P. sp.n4 (Localidade-tipo: Jacarepagua, Rio de Janeiro). / A cladistic analysis of the subfamily Mitobatinae is presented. All 10 of the currently valid species of the genus Promitobates Roewer, 1913 were taken into account. Promitobates ornatus (Mello-Leitao, 1922), a polymorphic and widespread species, was initially broken into four sub-units and its taxonomy addressed with the results of the cladistic analysis. The other two polymorphic species, P. hatschbachi H. Soares, 1945 and P. viridigranulatus Soares & Soares, 1946, were also broken into two sub-units. In addition to these species, the cladistic analysis was performed with 20 other Mitobatinae species, representing the 11 genera of the subfamily, and 5 species of other Gonyleptidae genera . The character matrix comprised 75 characters: 19 from male genitalia, 27 from the general external morphology, 20 from male legs and 10 from coloration. Two equally parsimonious trees were obtained (L=257, C.I=0.38; R.I=0.72). Mitobatinae arose as a monophyletic group, sister to Despirus parvulus (Roewer, 1927). The subfamily was divided into two major groups: [1] one that possesses the body roughly rectangular and males and females with coxa and trochanter IV without large apophysis, including the genera: Ischnotherus Kury, 1991, Encheiridium Kury, 2003, Metamitobates Roewer, 1913, Ruschia Mello-Leitao, 1940, Mitobatula Roewer, 1931 and Mitobates Sundevall, 1833 and [2] one that possesses the body roughly piriform and an evident sexual dimorphism of coxa and trochanter IV, with males with a large apophysis on coxa and tubercles on trochanter IV, including the genera: Discocyrtoides Mello-Leitao, 1923, Longiperna Roewer, 1929, Neoancistrotus Mello-Leitao, 1927 and Promitobates. A taxonomic review of the genus Promitobates Roewer 1913 and a new classification, supported by the cladistc analysis results, are presented . Promitobates comprised 10 described species of which four are considered valid: P. bellus (B. Soares, 1945); P. hatschbachi H. Soares, 1945; P. ornatus (Mello-Leitao, 1922) and P. viridigranulatus (Soares & Soares, 1946). The following species are synonymized: P. hauseri (Sylhavy, 1979), considered a senior synonym of P. viridigranulatus (Soares & Soares, 1946); P. margaritatus Roewer, 1931 considered a senior synonym of P. ornatus (Mello-Leitao, 1922) and P. mendax H. Soares, 1945, considered a senior synonym of P. hatschbachi H. Soares, 1945. Promitobates granulosissimus Mello-Leitao, 1932 and P. hexacanthus Koch, 1839 are considered species inquirendae. Based on the results of the cladistc analysis, with P. ornatus separated in four subunits, P. intermedius (Mello-Leitao 1935) and P. nigripes (Mello-Leitao, 1935) are revalidated. Four new species are described: P. sp. n1 (type-locality: Ano Bom, Santa Catarina); P. sp. n2 (type-locality: Reserva Morro Grande, Sao Paulo); P. sp.n3 (type-locality: Ribeirao Pires, Sao Paulo) and P. sp.n4 (typelocality: Jacarepagua, Rio de Janeiro).
3

Karyotypová variabilita sekáčů čeledi Nemastomatidae (Arachnida: Opiliones) / Karyotype variability of harvestmen from Nemastomatidae family (Arachnida: Opiliones)

Alaverdyan, Argam January 2018 (has links)
This master's thesis is focused on cytogenetic analysis and karyotype variability of the Nemastomatidae family. This family comprises morphologically uniform harvestmen of small sizes, with low mobility, and with center of distribution in Europe. Karyotype differences could play an important role for detection of cryptic diversity in this family. The karyotype analysis is focused mainly on Alpine and Pyrenean endemic species but also on other taxons located in Central Europe. The goal was not only to identify the differences which occur between the specific genera and species, but also eventually between populations. For detection of the specific chromosomal alterations in evolution of the karyotype in Nemastomatidae the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used, localizing the positions and amounts of gene clusters for 18S rRNA. From the results we can assume that the number of chromosomes in the family Nemastomatidae can range between 2n = 12- 30. Further it was found out that in Nemastomatidae the biarmed chromosomes are more prevalent, and that the species which have lower amounts of chromosomes contain chromosomes that noticeably differ in size (probably because of chromosomal fusions). These results indicate that with some morphologically uniform species, the knowledge of specific...
4

Semioquímicos de opiliões da família Gonyleptidae (Arachnida : Opiliones) / Harvestmen semiochemicals of the family Gonyleptidae (Arachnida : Opiliones)

Wouters, Felipe Christoff, 1989- 19 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Anita Jocelyne Marsaioli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T18:09:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wouters_FelipeChristoff_M.pdf: 4919215 bytes, checksum: c2fb1e5605f041d7b55cee18189002ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho consiste no estudo de secreções defensivas de 18 espécies de opiliões da família Gonyleptidae. A composição química das secreções dessas espécies foi investigada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-EM). Os compostos encontrados nas espécies estudadas se dividem em três classes principais: cetonas, quinonas e fenóis. Análises de ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) das secreções de três dessas espécies (Gonyleptes saprophilus, Magnispina neptunus e Progonyleptoidellus striatus) permitiram a caracterização de cinco compostos: 4-metilex-1-en-3-ona, 2-metil-1,4-benzoquinona, 2-etil-1,4-benzoquinona, 2,5-dimetilfenol e 2,3,6-trimetilfenol. Foram sintetizadas duas vinil cetonas encontradas nas secreções estudadas: 4-metilex-1-en-3-ona e 5-metilex-1-en-3-ona. Essas cetonas foram caracterizadas e confirmou-se sua presença nas secreções de seis das espécies estudadas. Os demais compostos tiveram suas estruturas sugeridas baseando-se nos dados de espectrometria de massas e/ou coinjeção em CG-EM com padrões. Além disso, foram realizados ensaios de atividade inibitória frente a diversos micro-organismos usando padrões sintéticos de compostos presentes nas secreções, representativos das três classes químicas encontradas / Abstract: This work consists on the study of defensive secretions from 18 harvestmen species belonging to the family Gonyleptidae. The chemical composition of these secretions was investigated by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The identified compounds can be divided in three main classes: ketones, quinones and phenols. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analyses of secretions from three species (Gonyleptes saprophilus, Magnispina neptunus and Progonyleptoidellus striatus) allowed the characterization of five compounds: 4-methylhex-1-en-3-one, 2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 2-ethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 2,5-dimethylphenol, and 2,3,6-trimethylphenol. Two vinyl ketones found in the studied secretions were synthesized: 4-methylhex-1-en-3-one and 5-methylhex-1-en-3-one. These ketones were characterized and their presence in secretions of six species was confirmed. The other compounds had their structures suggested based on mass spectrometry data and/or GC-MS coinjection with standart samples. Moreover, inhibitory activity assays against microorganisms were performed with synthetic standarts of compounds found in the secretions, representatives of the three identified chemical classes / Mestrado / Quimica Organica / Mestre em Química
5

Espermiogenese e morfologia dos espermatozoides de Iporangaia pustulosa (Arachnida : Opiliones: Laniatores) / Spermiogenesis and sperm morphology of Iporangaia pustulosa (Arachnida : Opiliones: Laniatores)

Moya, Juliana Siqueira 29 February 2008 (has links)
Orientadores: Mary Anne Heidi Dolder, Karina Carvalho Mancini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T15:52:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moya_JulianaSiqueira_M.pdf: 6061809 bytes, checksum: 3498b49d3b5da2af4c020b2cec6420ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Iporangaia pustulosa (Arachnida: Opiliones) é uma espécie de opilião pertencente à subordem Laniatores. Machos adultos desta espécie tiveram seus aparelhos reprodutores dissecados, e seus testículos e vesículas seminais processados para microscopias de luz e eletrônicas de transmissão (convencional e citoquímica - E-PTA) e varredura. O aparelho reprodutor de I. pustulosa é composto por um testículo tubular, dois ductos deferentes que se unem em uma grande vesícula seminal. O testículo apresenta cistos com células germinativas em diferentes fases de desenvolvimento. A espermiogênese é centrípeta e caracterizada por: (1) ausência de formação de flagelo; (2) centro cinético reduzido a dois centríolos do tipo 9+0; (3) formação de manchete de microtúbulos, que auxiliam na compactação nuclear e na determinação da forma celular; (4) gradual compactação cromatínica nas diferentes fases das espermátides até a total compactação nos espermatozóides; (5) desenvolvimento de uma invaginação citoplasmática em direção ao núcleo, desprovida de organelas; (6) acrossomo formado a partir de vesículas do Golgi, composto por uma vesícula acrossomal, um material denso sub-acrossomal, mitocôndrias e pequenas vesículas associadas; (7) espermatozóides ovais, aflagelados, com membrana plasmática ondulada. Pelo método de E-PTA foram detectadas proteínas básicas em diferentes estruturas ao longo do desenvolvimento da espermiogênese. Os espermatozóides formados são liberados dos cistos no centro do testículo e são armazenados na vesícula seminal. Dispersos pela luz da vesícula, os espermatozóides apresentam os mesmos componentes observados no testículo, porém adquirem projeções extracelulares aderidas às ondulações da membrana recobrindo a superfície celular, exceto na região do acrossomo. Essas projeções são adquiridas gradualmente ao longo da extensão da vesícula seminal e são recobertas por um material amorfo na extremidade semelhante a um glicocálice. A espermiogênese de I. pustulosa e a morfologia dos espermatozóides testiculares e vesiculares são semelhantes ao descrito para a espécie Vonones sayi, também pertencente à sub-ordem Laniatores. Por não ocorrer formação de axonema durante a espermiogênese, os espermatozóides de I. pustulosa são aflagelados e tais projeções podem estar envolvidas no transporte do espermatozóide, sua ancoragem no interior da fêmea ou ainda no reconhecimento do óvulo / Abstract: Iporangaia pustulosa (Arachnida: Opiliones) is a harvestman species belonging to the Laniatores suborder. Adult males of this species had their reproductive tracts dissected and their testis and seminal vesicles were processed for light, transmission (routine preparations and cytochemistry: E-PTA) and scanning electron microscopy. The reproductive tract of I. pustulosa is composed of a tubular testis and two deferent ducts that connect to a large seminal vesicle. The testis presents cysts of germ cells in different developmental stages. Spermiogenesis in I. pustulosa is centripetal and characterized by (1) the lack of flagellum formation; (2) the kinetic center reduced to two centrioles of the 9+0 type; (3) the microtubule manchette formation; (4) the gradual chromatin condensation from spermatids to spermatozoa; (5) the cytoplasmic invagination development, without organelles, that extends into the nucleus; (6) the acrosome formed by Golgi vesicles, composed of acrossomal vesicles, a subacrosomic dense material, associated mitochondria and small vesicles; (7) the oval aflagellated spermatozoa, with a wavy plasma membrane. With the E-PTA method, basic proteins were detected in different structures throughout spermiogenesis. The spermatozoa are released from the cysts in the center of the testis and are kept in the seminal vesicle lumen. There, the spermatozoa present the same components observed in the testis, however they acquire extracellular projections, which adhere to the wavy membrane covering the cell surface, except in the acrosome area. These projections are acquired gradually along the seminal vesicle length and are covered by an amorphous material on their tips, resembling a glycocalix. The spermiogenesis of I. pustulosa as well as the morphology of testicular and seminal vesicle spermatozoa are similar to that described for Vonones sayi, also belonging to the Laniatores suborder. As axoneme formation does not occur during the spermiogenesis, I. pustulosa spermatozoa are aflagellated and their projections could help to transport sperm along the male and female reproductive tracts, anchor the spermatozoa inside the female and/or play a role in oocyte recognition / Mestrado / Biologia Celular / Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
6

Semioquimicos produzidos por bacterias fitopatogenicas e opiliões brasileiros / Semiochemicals produced by phytopathogenic bacteria and Brazilian opilionids

Pomini, Armando Mateus 23 February 2006 (has links)
Orientador: Anita Jocelyne Marsaioli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T07:10:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pomini_ArmandoMateus_M.pdf: 2721194 bytes, checksum: b3d63d99fb0e61f807557af1f715e4ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Este trabalho abordou dois tópicos relacionados à comunicação química inter e intraespecífica. O primeiro tópico descreveu a produção de sinalizadores químicos da classe das acil-homosserina lactonas (acil-HSLs) por bactérias Gram-negativas fitopatogênicas, em mecanismos comunicativos conhecidos como quorum-sensing. Foram estudadas três espécies: Erwinia psidii RODRIGUES, que causa a principal bacteriose da goiabeira no Brasil;Pantoea ananatis SERRANO, um fitopatógeno de distribuição mundial e que causa perdas em diversas culturas agrícolas e Pantoea agglomerans EWING & FIFE, isolada da doença da ¿pinta branca do milho¿. O estudo propiciou a identificação de diversos metabólitos da classe das acil-HSLs, sendo que os produtos majoritários tiveram suas configurações absolutas estabelecidas. Avaliou-se ainda a atividade biológica de extratos, frações e produtos sintéticos com o biossensor Agrobacterium tumefaciens NTL4(pZLR4), em ensaios de expressão de enzimas ß-galactosidase. Trata-se de um trabalho pioneiro no Instituto de Química da Unicamp. Na segunda linha de pesquisas desenvolvida, o enfoque recaiu sobre alomônios produzidos por opiliões (Arachnida: Opiliones) e utilizados em XII mecanismos de defesa química contra predadores e na defesa territorial. Estudou-se as secreções de defesa das espécies Goniosoma longipes ROEWER e Camarana flavipalpi SOARES, nativas do Estado de São Paulo. Este trabalho rendeu a identificação de benzoquinonas substituídas e um fenol, inclusive com a caracterização de um produto natural inédito (2-etil-3-metil-1,4- benzoquinona) / Abstract: This work encompasses two different topics, both related to the intra and interspecific chemical communication. The first part concerns to the production of acyl-homoserine lactones (acyl-HSLs), which are signalling substances of Gram-negative, plant pathogenic bacteria. These substances are responsible for their chemical communication, in a process known as quorumsensing. Three species were studied: Erwinia psidii RODRIGUES, which causes the most important bacteriosis in Brazilian guava crops; Pantoea ananatis SERRANO, a worldwide-spread phytopathogen, which causes crop losses in different plant species and Pantoea agglomerans EWING & FIFE, isolated from the ¿white spot disease¿ of maize in Brazil. This study allowed the identification of four acyl-HSLs, and the absolute configurations of the most abundant substances were established. The activities of the extracts, fractions and synthetic products were evaluated using the bioreporter Agrobacterium tumefaciens NTL4(pZLR4), in ß-galactosidase expression assays. This is a pioneer work at the Chemistry Institute at Unicamp. The second research topic was on the opilionids allomones (Arachnida: Opiliones), employed in chemical defense mechanisms against predators and in territorial defense. The exudates of Goniosoma longipes ROEWER and Camarana flavipalpi SOARES, both native from São Paulo State (Brazil), were chemically characterized, allowing the identification of a known substituted XIV benzoquinone and a phenol, including a new natural product (2-ethyl-3- methyl-1,4-benzoquinone) / Mestrado / Quimica Organica / Mestre em Química
7

Caracterização morfologica do ventriculo e do ovario de Acutisoma longipes (Opiliones: Gonyleptidade) durante o ciclo reprodutivo / Morphologic characterization of the ventricle and of the ovary of Acutisoma longipes (Opiliones: Gonyleptidade) during reproductive cicle

Gomes, Giovana Andressa Tomaino 12 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Flavio Henrique Caetano / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T03:36:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gomes_GiovanaAndressaTomaino_D.pdf: 12559217 bytes, checksum: 64524c3f699037f78f61a1a662484f1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Acutisoma (=G.) longipes Roewer, 1913 (Arachnida: Opiliones) é uma espécie de opilião pertencente à sub-ordem Laniatores. As fêmeas da espécie passam por um jejum durante o período de cuidados com a prole. Assim fêmeas sem ovos maduros, com ovos maduros e cuidando da prole foram coletadas e os ventrículos e ovário analisados com técnicas histológicas (hematoxilina-eosina), histoquímica para proteínas totais (azul de bromofenol e xilydine ponceau), polissacarídeos (PAS), proteínas colágenas (Picrosirius red) e proteínas ácidas (azul de toluidina), Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão (MET), Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) e citoquímica ultra-estrutural para glicogênio. Histologicamente o ventrículo é formado de células digestivas e generativas. As primeiras têm características de células secretoras, com acúmulo citoplasmático de grânulos protéicos ácidos, formação e liberação de vesículas granulares para o lúmen. O ventrículo sofre retração e ocorre a diminuição de vesículas citoplasmáticas de secreção entre a fase em que a fêmea se alimenta e não tem ovos maduros para a fase em que permanece algum tempo em jejum e cuida da prole. O corpo gorduroso que circunda o ventrículo é considerado tecido de estocagem, dando suporte ao metabolismo do aparelho digestivo. Ultraestruturalmente, distinguem-se três tipos de células no epitélio ventricular, as células digestivas, que provavelmente tornam-se células excretoras, e as secretoras, sendo as células excretoras escassas em fêmeas com prole. Em Acutisoma longipes, as células generativas ou de reposição têm núcleos grandes e pouco citoplasma não especializado, podendo se diferenciar ou em células digestivas, secretoras ou células de excreção. O ovário das fêmeas na fase de cuidados com a prole apresenta camada de células epiteliais que também sofre retração, assim como ocorre no ventrículo no mesmo período fisiológico deste. Tais observações são constatadas com a MET, com a qual é evidente o estreitamento parcial do lúmen. Ovário caracteriza-se pela presença de ovócitos em toda sua extensão e pela ausência de células nutridoras. Todos os graus de desenvolvimento dos ovócitos podem ser encontrados nas três fases de fêmeas estudadas. Isto demonstra ser a ovogênese um processo dinâmico e contínuo. Ovócitos sendo reabsorvidos são comuns na última fase (de cuidados com a prole) quando o tempo de jejum já é longo. A reabsorção de nutrientes de ovócitos pode ser nesse caso, para suprir o déficit nutricional e energético das fêmeas em jejum (cuidando da prole) até o momento que a cria é emancipada e a fêmea volta a se alimentar, e posteriormente entrar ou não em novo ciclo reprodutivo. / Abstract: Acutisoma (=G.) longipes Roewer, 1913 (Arachnida: Opiliones) is a harvestmen of the suborder Laniatores. Females of this species do not feed while tending the brood care. In this study, females without mature eggs, with mature eggs, and tending the brood care were collected, and the ventriculi and ovaries were examined using histological techniques (hematoxylin-eosin), histochemistry for total proteins (bromophenol blue and xylidine ponceau), polysaccharides (PAS), collagenous proteins (picrosirius red) and acidic proteins (toluidine blue), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultrastructural cytochemistry for glycogen. Histologically, the ventriculus consists of digestive cells and regenerative cells. The former exhibit characteristics of secretory cells, with granules of acidic proteins in the cytoplasm, forming vesicles containing granules and releasing them into the lumen. From the phase when the female feeds and does not carry mature eggs to the phase when she tends the brood and does not feed the ventriculus retracts and the amount of cytoplasmic secretory vesicles decreases. The fat body was observed surrounding the ventriculus. The fat body is considered an energy storage tissue, supporting the digestive system metabolism. Three different cell types were observed in the ventricular epithelium: Digestive cells, which probably become excretory cells, and secretory cells. Excretory cells are not abundant in females tending the brood. In A. longipes, regenerative cells have large nuclei and little undifferentiated cytoplasm, and can later be specialized to carry out digestive, secretory or excretory functions. The ovary of females in these phases exhibit a layer of epithelial cells and this organ also retracts similar to what is observed in the ventriculus, with a partial narrowing of the lumen. The presence of oocytes is characteristics of the ovary throughout its extension, as well as the absence of nurse cells. Young oocytes and these in other developmental stages are observed in females during the three phases examined, indicating that oogenesis is a dynamic and continuous process. Oocytes being reabsorbed are common in the brood care phase when the starving period is long. The resorption of nutrients from ooctyes in this case might reduce the nutritional and energetic deficit until emancipation of the brood when the female can feeding again and possibly begin a new reproductive cycle. / Doutorado / Biologia Celular / Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
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Predator interactions within a trophic level : Phalangium opilio L. (Arachnida: Opiliones) and mites (Arachnida: Acari)

Merfield, Charles Norman January 2000 (has links)
This study investigated commensal feeding interactions between the European harvestman (P. opilio L.) and the predatory mites Balaustium spp. and Anystis baccarum L. It also investigated the feeding behaviour of P. opilio. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory using standardised temperature, humidity, photoperiod and experimental arenas, with eggs of the brown blowfly (Calliphora stygia F.) as prey facsimiles. Due to initial difficulties in obtaining enough predatory mites, mite feeding was manually simulated piercing blowfly eggs with a minuten pin. P. opilio consumed significantly more freeze-killed than live blowfly eggs, indicating that freezing induced chemical and/or physical changes to blowfly eggs that are detected by P. opilio. Significantly more manually pierced eggs were consumed by P. opilio compared with unpierced ones, demonstrating that piercing caused a chemical and/or physical to the egg and increased the feeding rates of P. opilio. Different densities of eggs had no effect on the numbers eaten by P. opilio and placing single pierced eggs next to groups of unpierced eggs also had no effect on the numbers of unpierced eggs eaten. These results suggest that P. opilio does not exhibit klinokinesis or orthokinesis to intensify its search for prey around the area where previous prey were located. P. opilio ate significantly more brown blowfly eggs that had previously been fed on by mites, demonstrating that a short term commensal interaction existed. However, further work is required to demonstrate if the relationship is commensal in the longer term. A comparison between hand-pierced and mite-pierced eggs showed that P. opilio ate significantly more of the former indicating that mite and hand piercing were quantitatively different. The potential for, and importance of, other commensal or mutual relationships between predators in agroecosystems is discussed. The lack of klinokinesis and orthokinesis in P. opilio is compared with other predators and parasitoids that do exhibit these behaviours. The means by which prey are detected by P. opilio are discussed in relation to interpreting behaviours such as prey inspection. Concerns about the effect of pre-treatment and handling of sentinel prey and the problems of using prey facsimiles are raised.
9

As áreas de endemismo dos opiliones (arachnida) da floresta atlântica ao norte do rio São Francisco, Brasil / As áreas de endemismo dos opiliones (arachnida) da floresta atlântica ao norte do rio São Francisco, Brasil

Souza, Adriano Medeiros de 28 February 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T14:55:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 6612338 bytes, checksum: 944e87b47204fb137759922d590127af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The Atlantic Forest is one of the richest regions of the world, both in species diversity, as in endemism. Due to this and to the degree of devastation, a few years ago, this biome was considered one of the 25 worldwide biodiversity hotspots. However, the historical relationships between different sectors of the Atlantic Forest are poorly understood. A critical step in that knowledge is the delimitation of the areas of endemism, which are basic units for biogeographic analyzes. Studies performed in this subject have advanced enough, both south and southeastern Atlantic Forest, by using the distribution patterns of harvestmen which occur into this region, nevertheless, a gap remains regarding to the northeastern Atlantic Forest. Therefore, this study aims to delimit the areas of endemism in Atlantic Forest north São Francisco river, by using Opiliones species distributions, also comparing the obtained results by different methodologies and finally evaluating the influence of the size of the cells on the results. In total, we used 1581 occurrences of 224 species, and of these, 18 are not yet described. The occurrences were obtained of field collecting, literature and museums. We used three numeric methods to search for areas of endemism that work using the occurrence of species in a set of cells on a grid: Endemicity Analysis (NDM), Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE) and Biotic Element Analysis (BEA). For the three methods were applied three grids: a less detailed grid (2° X 2°), a intermediated grid (1° X 1°) and one more detailed grid (with 0,5° X 0,5° cells). Afterwards, the areas of endemism were delimited by applying on the results of the numeric analyzes a protocol based on a number of combined criteria derived from areas of endemic concepts described in the literature. Altogether, thirteen endemism areas were delimited for Atlantic Forest, and, three of these correspond to the northeastern Atlantic Forest: Area of Endemism Bahia (BA), Area of Endemism Brejos Cearenses (BCE) and Area of Endemism Pernambuco (PE). The results from NDM and PAE were similar, whereas BEA results were entirely different and arbitrary. The size of cells had influences in the analysis, both on the number of areas found, as the number of cells included in each area. The largest amount of data used, turned limited areas into more robust, especially those of the northeastern Atlantic Forest, if compared to previous work. These areas, as well as those from south and southeastern Atlantic Forest probably correspond to areas of Pleistocene forest refuge, when the entire Atlantic Forest experienced cycles of expansion and contraction. These oscillations are associated with the cycles of glaciation and warming that occurred during the Quaternary, where, the expansion of northeastern Atlantic Forest boundaries probably led it to a contact with the Amazon Rainforest. Other likely causes were marine transgressions or tectonism, in this case, applied to the region of Baía de Todos os Santos. / A Mata Atlântica é uma das regiões mais ricas do mundo, tanto em diversidade de espécies quanto em endemismo. Devido a isso e ao grau de devastação desse bioma, há alguns anos ela foi enquadrada como um dos 25 hotspots mundias de biodiversidade. Entretanto, as relações históricas entre os diferentes setores da Mata Atlântica são pouco conhecido. Uma etapa fundamental é a delimitação das áreas de endemismo, que são unidades básicas para análises biogeográficas. Os estudos nessa área avançaram bastante na Mata Atlântica do sul e sudeste com o uso das distribuições dos opiliões que ocorrem nessa região, entretanto, permanece uma lacuna com relação à Mata Atlântica nordestina. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi delimitar as áreas de endemismo da Mata Atlântica localizada ao norte do rio São Francisco, utilizando as distribuições de espécies de Opiliones, além de comparar os resultados obtidos pelas diferentes metodologias utilizadas e avaliar a influência do tamanho das células sobre os resultados. Ao todo, foram utilizadas 1581 ocorrências de 224 espécies, sendo que, dessas, 18 ainda não estão descritas. As ocorrências foram obtidas por coletas, revisão de literatura e visita a museus. Foram utilizados três métodos numéricos para busca de áreas de endemismo que trabalham usando a ocorrência das espécies num conjunto de células de uma grade: a Análise de Endemicidade (NDM), a Análise de Parcimônia de Endemicidade (PAE) e a Análise de Elementos Bióticos (BEA). Para os três métodos foram aplicados três grades: uma grade menos detalhada (2° X 2°), uma grade intermediária (1° X 1°) e uma grade mais detalhada (com células de 0,5° X 0,5°). Em seguida, as áreas de endemismo foram delimitadas aplicando, sobre os resultados das análises numéricas, um protocolo baseado numa série de critérios combinados que, por sua vez, derivam de conceitos de áreas de endemismo descritos na literatura. Ao todo, foram delimitadas treze áreas de endemismo para a Mata Atlântica, sendo que, dessas, três correspondem à Mata Atlântica nordestina: a Área de Endemismo Bahia (BA), a Área de Endemismo Brejos Cearenses (BCE) e a Área de Endemismo Pernambuco (PE). Os resultados obtidos pela NDM e pela PAE foram similares, enquanto que a BEA apresentou resultados completamente diferentes e arbitrários. O tamanho das células utilizadas teve influência nas análises, tanto na quantidade de áreas encontradas, quanto na quantidade de células incluída em cada área. A maior quantidade de dados utilizada tornou áreas delimitadas mais robustas, sobretudo aquelas da Mata Atlântica nordestina, quando comparada a trabalhos anteriores. Essas áreas, assim como aquelas da Mata Atlântica sul e sudeste, provavelmente correspondem às áreas de refúgios florestais pleistocênicos, quando a Mata Atlântica inteira experimentou ciclos de expansão e retração. Essas oscilações estão associadas aos ciclos de glaciação e aquecimento que ocorreram durante o Quaternário, sendo que, na Mata Atlântica nordestina, a expansão de seus limites provavelmente ocasionou um contato com a Floresta Amazônica. Outras causas prováveis foram às transgressões marinhas ou tectonismo, no caso, aplicados a região da Baía de Todos os Santos.
10

Predator interactions within a trophic level : Phalangium opilio L. (Arachnida: Opiliones) and mites (Arachnida: Acari)

Merfield, C. N. January 2000 (has links)
This study investigated commensal feeding interactions between the European harvestman (P. opilio L.) and the predatory mites Balaustium spp. and Anystis baccarum L. It also investigated the feeding behaviour of P. opilio. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory using standardised temperature, humidity, photoperiod and experimental arenas, with eggs of the brown blowfly (Calliphora stygia F.) as prey facsimiles. Due to initial difficulties in obtaining enough predatory mites, mite feeding was manually simulated piercing blowfly eggs with a minuten pin. P. opilio consumed significantly more freeze-killed than live blowfly eggs, indicating that freezing induced chemical and/or physical changes to blowfly eggs that are detected by P. opilio. Significantly more manually pierced eggs were consumed by P. opilio compared with unpierced ones, demonstrating that piercing caused a chemical and/or physical to the egg and increased the feeding rates of P. opilio. Different densities of eggs had no effect on the numbers eaten by P. opilio and placing single pierced eggs next to groups of unpierced eggs also had no effect on the numbers of unpierced eggs eaten. These results suggest that P. opilio does not exhibit klinokinesis or orthokinesis to intensify its search for prey around the area where previous prey were located. P. opilio ate significantly more brown blowfly eggs that had previously been fed on by mites, demonstrating that a short term commensal interaction existed. However, further work is required to demonstrate if the relationship is commensal in the longer term. A comparison between hand-pierced and mite-pierced eggs showed that P. opilio ate significantly more of the former indicating that mite and hand piercing were quantitatively different. The potential for, and importance of, other commensal or mutual relationships between predators in agroecosystems is discussed. The lack of klinokinesis and orthokinesis in P. opilio is compared with other predators and parasitoids that do exhibit these behaviours. The means by which prey are detected by P. opilio are discussed in relation to interpreting behaviours such as prey inspection. Concerns about the effect of pre-treatment and handling of sentinel prey and the problems of using prey facsimiles are raised.

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