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Purpose: To assess whether the participation in food assistance programs (Community Kitchens and Glass of Milk) was associated with lipid profile patterns in the Peruvian population. We conducted a secondary data analysis using data from the National Survey of Nutritional, Biochemical, Socioeconomic, and Cultural Indicators related to Chronic Degenerative Diseases. The sample included individuals aged ≥20 years, selected from five geographic strata in Peru. From each stratum a random sample of clusters was chosen. Different Poisson regression models with robust variance were built to determine the association between food assistance programs and participant lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c), LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides (TG)). Data from 4028 participants was analyzed, 123 (3.1%) reported being beneficiaries of the Community Kitchens program and 827 (20.5%) were beneficiaries of the Glass of Milk program. An association between being a beneficiary of Community Kitchens and increased LDL-c (Prevalence ratio (PR)= 2.33; 95% CI: 1.18–4.59) was found. Being a beneficiary of the Glass of Milk program increased the probability of having low HDL-c levels (PR= 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02–1.14), but reduced the probability of hypertriglyceridemia (PR= 0.70; 95% CI: 0.56–0.88). Being a beneficiary of the Community Kitchen program was associated with increased LDL-c levels; while, being a beneficiary of the Glass of Milk increased the probability of low HDL-c, but reduced the probability of developing hypertriglyceridemia. / Revisión por pares

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第18145号 / 医博第3865号 / 新制||医||1002(附属図書館) / 31003 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 萩原 正敏, 教授 柳田 素子, 教授 稲垣 暢也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:40:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pegolo_ge_dr_arafcf.pdf: 1854514 bytes, checksum: c10247da7ef6f0014c6571c36e0d6903 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste estudo foi rastrear a ocorrência de fatores de risco da síndrome metabólica em adolescentes eutróficos e com excesso de peso em dois momentos transversais, com intervalo de seis meses. A amostra foi constituída por 64 adolescentes divididos em quatro grupos: meninos eutróficos e com excesso de peso e meninas eutróficas e com excesso de peso. As variáveis investigadas foram: peso, estatura, circunferência da cintura, percentual de gordura corporal, pressão arterial, colesterol total, LDL-colesterol, HDLcolesterol , triglicerídeos, glicose, ingestão de nutrientes, número de passos diário e tempo gasto com hábitos sedentários (assistir televisão, uso de computador e videogames). A média de idade foi de 11,4 ±0,3 anos para os meninos e 11,5 ±0,3 anos para as meninas. Foi diagnosticado um caso de síndrome metabólica, mas a presença de fatores de risco foi constatada nas duas avaliações. Entre os adolescentes com excesso de peso, 56% dos meninos e 31% das meninas apresentaram obesidade abdominal na primeira avaliação e as mesmas proporções foram observadas no segundo momento. Houve aumento da incidência da proporção de adolescentes com baixa concentração de HDLcolesterol nos grupos eutróficos e com excesso de peso. Entre os adolescentes eutróficos, na segunda avaliação 44% dos meninos e 69% das meninas apresentaram HDL-colesterol inferior a 40 mg/dL. No grupo com excesso de peso, 69% dos meninos e 63% das meninas apresentaram tal condição. Houve redução significativa de HDL-colesterol acompanhada de aumento de triglicerídeos, dois parâmetros críticos no desenvolvimento da síndrome metabólica. Além disso, foi detectada correlação inversa e significativa entre triglicerídeos e HDL-colesterol nas duas avaliações. Entre os adolescentes com excesso de peso, houve aumento, em ambos... / The present study was aimed to track risk factors of metabolic syndrome in eutrophic and overweight adolescents in two time periods, with a time interval of six months between the two periods. The sample was composed of 64 adolescents divided into four groups: eutrophic boys, overweight boys, eutrophic girls and overweight girls. The assessed variables were: weight, height, waist circumference, body fat percentage, arterial blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, nutrient intake, number of daily steps and hours of sedentary behavior (watching TV, playing on the computer or videogames). The average age of the boys was 11.4 ±0.3 years and of the girls was 11.5 ±0.3 years. One case of metabolic syndrome was diagnosed, but the presence of risk factors was detected in both assessments. Among overweight adolescents, 56% of the boys and 31% of the girls had abdominal obesity in the first assessment and the same percentage was found in the second assessment. There was an increase in the percentage of adolescents with low HDL-cholesterol concentrations in the eutrophic and overweight groups. Among the eutrophic adolescents, in the second assessment, 44% of the boys and 69% of the girls had HDL-cholesterol lower than 40 mg/dL. In the overweight group, 69% of the boys and 63% of the girls had this condition. There was a significant reduction in HDL-cholesterol followed by an increase in the triglycerides, two critical parameters in the development of the metabolic syndrome. Besides, an inverse and significant correlation between triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol was detected in both assessments. Among overweight adolescents there was an increase, in both sexes, in the number of adolescents with the two risk factors (boys: from 12% to 44%; - girls: from 6% to 25%), due... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

An increased risk for coronary heart disease among shift workers is earlier shown in the epidemiological literature. The aim of this thesis has been to penetrate metabolic disturbances and obesity among shift workers compared to day workers, and to compare if there are differences in total mortality or cause specific mortality of coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes or ischaemic stroke in between the two groups. In an intervention study on female nurses (N=11), on night schedules in Umeå hospital, the highest peak value of glucose and insulin after meal ingestion was seen in the late evening (23:30). The post-prandial area under curve (AUC) of glucose and insulin was correspondingly largest after meal ingestion the same clock hour compared to meal ingestion other clock times. In two different cross-sectional studies Västerbotten Inventory Study (VIP) (N= 27,485) and in a subset of Work, Lipids and Fibrinogen Study (WOLF) (N= 1,324) metabolic differences in between shift and day workers has been evaluated. In both studies have obesity, high triglycerides and low HDL-cholesterol been more prevalent among the shift-working group compared to the day-working group. After adjustments for age and socio-economic factors in the VIP-study obesity and high triglycerides remained as risk factors in shift workers in both men and women. After directly age standardisation, a clustering effect, simultaneously, of two or more metabolic risk factors (obesity, hypertension, and high triglycerides) was seen in both genders among the shift workers compared to the day workers. Correspondingly, in the Wolf study low HDL-cholesterol and high triglycerides remained as significant risk factors after adjustments of confounders as age, socio-economic group, physical activity, current smoking, low social support and high job strain. In a cohort study from one company (MoDo) with two plants in the pulp and paper industry 2,354 male shift workers and 3,088 male day workers were followed from January 1, 1952 to December 31, 2001 regarding total and cause specific mortality due to CHD, diabetes and ischaemic stroke. Groups of workers defined by different duration of shift exposure were compared with day workers by calculating standardised relative rates (SRR). No increased risk of total mortality was seen among shift workers compared to day workers. Higher duration of shift work was associated with increased risk for CHD, and shift workers with 30 years or more had the highest risk. Diabetes was more common with increasing number of shift year exposure. Compared to day workers shift workers had also an increased risk to die because of ischaemic stroke, with the highest relative difference in the least shift exposed group (< 5 years).

The aim of this thesis is to assess the influence of the polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially DHA and EPA in the diet on the animal organism in accordance to the levels of total HDL and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides in plasma. As experimental animals were used rats and they were divided into 3 groups of 10 pieces: control group with the addition of 6 % Carthamus tinctorius (n-6 flares), the group with the addition of 6 % fish oil (n-3: EPA, DHA fish) and the group with 6 % addition of oil from Schizochytrium (n-3: DHA, DHA). After 40 days the animals were putted to death according to relevant regulations. Blood lipids were obtained from blood samples by spectrophotometry. Value of polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-3 and n-6 was set by gas chromatography in the liver, muscle and adipose tissue. In accordance to the increase of content n-3 PUFA in group with fish oil and with oil from Schizochytrium, total and LDL cholesterol was reduced in comparison of samples in control group. In comparison to the control group were TAG reduced only in the group with addition of oil.

Twenty-two young men and women of the 49thMilitary Police Brigade of the California National Guard were participants of our nutrition education and health assessment program. The California National Guard has expressed concern of unsatisfactory physical and nutritional status of their personnel related to a nutrition knowledge deficit as evidenced by preliminary data of insufficient dietary intake and poor nutrition knowledge assessment scores. Our program was designed to implement a nutrition intervention including education and evaluate its effectiveness in reducing Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) risk factors, improving body composition, and providing educational lessons intended to alter lifestyle. Baseline data was quantified and analyzed for statistical significance. Participants reported consuming less than average daily recommended calories and variable macronutrient % of recommended values (%Recommended). DXA analysis revealed high %Body Fat (BF), positively correlated with high values of Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) in both sexes. Statistical analyses identify HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and waist circumference as significant predictive variables of VAT, after adjusting for age and sex. Follow-up data from two participants was collected but excluded from statistical analysis due to small sample size. Exploratory (stepwise regression) analysis considering several predictive variables reveals HDL-C is the most significant predictor of VAT (p=0.0011), when waist circumference is excluded from the model, after correcting for age and sex. Waist circumference was excluded with the consideration that waist may be a surrogate measure for VAT. HDL-C seems to be the variable most strongly associated with VAT and HDL-C explains 67% of the variability of VAT (RSquared=0.6741) in the fit model after correcting for age and sex. While the impact of high HDL-C on improved body composition and reduction of cardiometabolic risk factors is well supported by literature, the significance of HDL-C on VAT deposition presented in our findings provokes continued research.

Background The pleckstrin and Sec7 domain-containing 3 (PSD3) gene has been linked to immune diseases. We examined whether the genetic variants within the PSD3 gene are associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level. Methods Multiple logistic regression model and linear regression model were used to examine the associations of 259 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the PSD3 gene with obesity and T2D as binary traits, and HDL level as a continuous trait using the Marshfield data, respectively. A replication study of obesity was conducted using the Health Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) sample. Results 23 SNPs were associated with obesity (p < 0.05) in the Marshfield sample and rs4921966 revealed the strongest association (p = 3.97 × 10−6). Of the 23 SNPs, 20 were significantly associated with obesity in the meta-analysis of two samples (p < 0.05). Furthermore, 6 SNPs revealed associations with T2D in the Marshfield data (top SNP rs12156368 with p = 3.05 × 10−3); while two SNPs (rs6983992 and rs7843239) were associated with both obesity and T2D (p = 0.0188 and 0.023 for obesity and p = 8.47 × 10−3 and 0.0128 for T2D, respectively). Furthermore, 11 SNPs revealed associations with HDL level (top SNP rs13254772 with p = 2.79 × 10−3) in the Marshfield data; meanwhile rs7009615 was associated with both T2D (p = 0.038) and HDL level (p = 4.44 × 10−3). In addition, haplotype analyses further supported the results of single SNP analysis. Conclusions Common variants in PSD3 were associated with obesity, T2D and HDL level. These findings add important new insights into the pathogenesis of obesity, T2D and HDL cholesterol.