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Depression and anxiety are relatively common among college students and research suggests that risk perceptions may be modulated by these mental health conditions. In addition, studies have demonstrated that higher perception of risk predicts more frequent practice of preventative health behaviors, and this relationship may also be modulated by depression and anxiety. The present study examined the relationship between these factors in the context of COVID-19. Using survey data from undergraduate students, risk perceptions about COVID-19, self-reported practice of COVID-19 preventative behaviors, and their relationship were compared between those with and without the common mental health conditions of Major Depressive Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Results indicated that risk perceptions predicted self-reported use of preventative health behaviors across groups, and those with MDD and/or GAD had relatively greater affective than cognitive risk perceptions related to COVID-19. Critically, however, those with MDD and/or GAD did not show enhanced self-reported use of preventative health behaviors to avoid contracting or spreading COVID-19. In addition, mental health condition status did not modulate the relationship between risk perception and preventative health behaviors. Together, these findings suggest that while affective risk perceptions related to COVID-19 may be elevated in college students with common mental health conditions, perceived risk does not translate into behaviors that will reduce their risk of contracting or spreading COVID-19.

Background: Although research in healthcare transition is not novel, youth with chronic health conditions (YCHC) and parents still struggle with this complex process. Currently, there is limited theoretically-driven studies to inform transition research. The key foundation of this thesis is on the integration and application of theories and conceptual frameworks to studying the complexities of the transition process to inform research on a conceptual level. Purpose: Three study objectives were: 1) to gain a better understanding of the experiences of YCHC, parents, and healthcare providers with self-management during the transition process; 2) explore theoretical frameworks to guide research in transition and inform the planning and delivery of holistic transition services that is developmentally appropriate and culturally sensitive; and 3) to identify strategies to facilitate knowledge mobilization in transition. Methods: This “sandwich thesis” includes four individual scholarly works (Chapters 2-5) positioned between the introduction (Chapter 1) and the conclusions (Chapter 6). The Knowledge to Action (KTA) framework was used to framed all of my four scholarly works together. Chapter 2 was a qualitative study to examine the collective experiences YCHC, parents, and healthcare providers with self-management during transition. Chapter 3 was a critical appraisal of the literature to explored the potential application of acculturation theory in transition through the use of a clinical vignette. Chapter 4 was a scoping review about the current use of the ICF and transition research and practice. Chapter 5 was a demonstration project with the primary aim of working with youth (i.e. university students with and without a disability) and researchers to identify engagement strategies in research to develop partnerships to facilitate knowledge mobilization. Results: Key findings of Chapter 2: i) the process of self-management is interconnected and interdependent between YCHC, parents, and healthcare providers, and ii) results began to uncover cultural nuances between pediatric and adult healthcare. Key findings of Chapter 3: i) acculturation theory provides a concrete conceptual framework to guide thinking about the process of change within an individual with a change in culture to another; and ii) acculturation can become a natural framework for health systems practitioners when integrated into clinical practice frameworks. Key findings of Chapter 4: i) the ICF broadens our view on health to include personal and environment factors, and ii) the ICF enhances multidisciplinary communication and collaboration. However, the ICF is not without limitation. Specifically, there are limited descriptions around personal and environmental factors and the underlying processes, defining differences between the domains of activity and participation, and the ICF’s static nature which does not address change over time. Key findings of Chapter 5: five engagement strategies: 1) creating a physical or virtual hub with updated information or updating current websites to ensure usability and accessibility (e.g. for course selection), 2) hosting “speed dating” events between students and faculty/researchers to enhance communication and knowledge exchange, 3) hosting monthly lectures/workshops/webinars, 4) capacity building via emailing lists for new opportunities, and 5) peer mentoring to connect stakeholders within the University and Hamilton communities. Conclusions: Synthesis of the knowledge from this thesis contributes to the thinking and doing of transition research. Specifically, acculturation theory (a social science and psychology theory) and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) (a bio-psycho-social theory) are offered as complementary conceptual frameworks to inform transition research. Stakeholder involvement in transition research is critical in facilitating knowledge mobilization, however, researchers need to consider the challenges of research partnership with YCHC. It is recommended to explore and assess opportunities for YCHC to have experiences starting in childhood and through adolescence; these experiences can assist in building YCHC’s capacity to assume adult roles and responsibilities for self-management. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Today, one in five Canadian children, adolescents, and young adults live with a chronic physical, developmental, behavioural or emotional condition that impact their developmental trajectories. Youth with chronic health conditions (YCHC) and their families find it difficult to go from pediatric to adult healthcare. Although the topic of transition is not new, YCHC and parents continue to experience barriers in the adult system for meeting their needs (e.g. fragmented services, accessibility to available services, and biomedical focus of healthcare to name a few). Moreover, research evidence is not reaching the people who need it most, YCHC and their parents, and they are not benefitting optimally from advances in research. Thus, research is needed to carefully examine the process of transition to better understand the underlying processes, to identify current knowledge gaps, and to facilitate knowledge mobilization. The overall aim of this thesis is on the application of theories (acculturation theory) and frameworks (International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health-ICF) to provide a new outlook and lens to unraveling the complexities and underlying processes of transition, which has not been examined before. The Knowledge to Action (KTA) framework is used to inform the research process and stakeholder consultation to facilitate knowledge mobilization. The goal is to ultimately produce meaningful and relevant outcomes for YCHC and those involved in the transition process. YCHC and other stakeholders (parents, healthcare providers, community partners, and policymakers) were consulted throughout all of the components of the thesis ensure their voices and needs were heard. Results from this thesis will bring new insights and knowledge to those involved in transition research and practice.

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Employee mental health claims have become a costly burden for Canadian workplaces, therefore many organizations are seeking to adopt progressive disability management strategies to support employees with mental health conditions who are either returning to work or trying to remain at work. Developing and implementing effective workplace accommodation practices is one such strategy to support employees. Negotiating workplace accommodations has been recommended in the literature to be an interactive process between the employee and workplace stakeholders. However, there is very limited knowledge regarding the ways in which discussing and negotiating accommodations unfolds, or how employees and stakeholders experience the process of negotiating accommodations. This thesis includes the results of a qualitative study exploring how negotiating accommodations unfolds between employees with mental health conditions and workplace stakeholders, and a sub-analysis of the larger study data exploring how social capital can impact the negotiation process. In order to capture varied perspectives, in depth interviews were conducted with employees in diverse roles who self-identified as having a mental health condition that required accommodation, and stakeholders who were experienced in negotiating accommodations. A qualitative descriptive design was used to iteratively collect and analyze data. Constructive and interpretive strategies including initial and focused coding, memo writing and clustering were used to identify themes about negotiating accommodations. The negotiation process, as reported by participants in this study, was found to be a non-linear, social and political process that unfolded as a combination of micro formal and informal sub-processes, in contrast to the concrete, formal accommodation process mandated by some organizational policies. In addition, there were a number of factors that were experienced as either helpful or challenging in the process of negotiating accommodations. Social capital arose as an important element influencing how employees with mental health conditions accessed accommodations. The findings of a qualitative sub-analysis of the original data set focused on the ways in which workplace social capital impacted the experience of requesting and negotiating accommodations. Some elements of social capital were found to be dynamic, with workers able to accumulate, rebuild and spend social capital in the course of their employment. Employee reputation, employee self-confidence and likeability with coworkers and managerial staff arose as key elements of social capital. Other elements of social capital were external perceptions constructed by coworkers and workplace stakeholders, such as return-on-investment of accommodating and judgements of value to the organization. Overall, workplace social capital appeared to impact how employees experienced the process of requesting and negotiating accommodations, but it was not the determining factor of whether accommodation requests were granted. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / This Master’s thesis focused on the process of discussing and negotiating workplace accommodations between workers with mental health conditions and workplace stakeholders. Six workers with mental health conditions and 6 other workplace stakeholders who had experience negotiating accommodations shared their experiences in interviews. Study findings highlighted that the negotiation process can be complex and non-linear, and is impacted by social and political factors. Workplace social capital had an impact when workers with mental health conditions requested and negotiated accommodations. For example, employee self-confidence, “likeability” (as perceived by coworkers and management), reputation as a good performer and perceived value to the organization appeared to shape how workers experienced the process of negotiating accommodations. Worker status and position also reportedly had an impact on access to supports. It should be noted, however, that social capital was only one of the factors that workers needed to be successfully accommodated, and their social capital could be at risk of being exhausted due to behavior or performance issues. This thesis expands our understanding of the accommodation negotiation process, and the impact of social and political forces on disability management strategies.

The purpose of this study is to determine the status of existing health conditions in Princeton Public School and to set up a recognized desirable health standard for promoting health services.

Yes / Introduction The role of digital health in providing psychological treatment and support for the prevention of suicide is well documented. Particular emphasis has been placed on digital health technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Providing psychological support reduces the burden of mental health conditions. The challenge is to provide support in the context of patient isolation, which highlights the role of digital technology (video conferencing, smartphone apps and social media). There is, however, a dearth of literature where experts by experience have been involved in the end-to-end process of developing digital health tools for suicide prevention. Methods and analysis This study aims to codesign a digital health tool for suicide prevention focusing on the enablers and barriers. The scoping review protocol is phase I within a three-phase study. The protocol will inform the second phase of the study which is the scoping review. The results of the review will inform a funding application to National Institute for Health and Care Research to codesign a digital health tool for suicide prevention (the third phase). The search strategy will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer’s Manual for Scoping Reviews and incorporates the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist to ensure reporting standards are maintained. The methodology will be supplemented by frameworks by Arksey and O’Malley and Levac et al. The search strategy dates for screening are from November 2022 to March 2023. Five databases will be searched: Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycInfo and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Grey literature searches include government and non-government health websites, Google and Google Scholar. The data will be extracted and organised into relevant categories. The results will be synthesised into themes and inform phase II of the study. Ethics and dissemination Ethics granted by the University of Bradford on 15 August 2022, reference E995. The project team will design a digital health tool, results will be published in a peer-review journal and disseminated through conferences. Study registration number Safety (Mental Health) Innovation Challenge Fund 2022–2023 Protocol RM0223/42079 Ver 0.1. / This research was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Yorkshire and Humber Patient Safety Translational Research Centre (NIHR Yorkshire and Humber PSTRC). Project Reference: SICF 2022-02.

Introdução: A deficiência auditiva em idosos é decorrente do processo fisiológico do envelhecimento que ocorre de forma individual e pode ser agravada por fatores como exposição a ruídos, medicamentos, doenças e estresse. As limitações decorrentes deste déficit podem ser minimizadas evitando consequências como isolamento e frustração no idoso. A deficiência auditiva referida representa um importante instrumento para obtenção de indicadores de prevalência desta deficiência que ainda são escassos em âmbito nacional, regional e local. Objetivos: Descrever a prevalência da deficiência auditiva referida e seu impacto nas condições de saúde de idosos do município de São Paulo. Métodos: Os dados são provenientes do Inquérito de Saúde do Município de São Paulo (ISA-Capital), um estudo transversal de base populacional (n=3357) com a população não-institucionalizada e residente em área urbana do município de São Paulo. Analisou-se o subgrupo dos idosos (n=872). Foram utilizados os testes de associação do 2 e a análise de regressão de Poisson univariada. Resultados: A prevalência da deficiência auditiva referida pelos idosos foi 11,2 por cento e apesar do predomínio do sexo feminino na população estudada (60,3 por cento), esta prevalência foi quase duas vezes maior nos homens quando comparados às mulheres (p=0,006). Os homens que referiram deficiência auditiva apresentaram um diferencial na utilização de serviços de saúde, participavam mais dos programas de prevenção ao câncer de próstata (RP: 1,252 - p=0,015). A maior parte dos idosos com deficiência auditiva relatou não ter dificuldades em atividades de lazer (74,5 por cento), não necessitar de ajuda nas atividades de rotina (88,6 por cento), nem de assistência, seja médico-hospitalar ou para tratamentos de reabilitação (63,3 por cento) em decorrência deste déficit. Conclusão: A alta prevalência de deficiência auditiva referida pelos idosos, principalmente no sexo masculino, remete à relevância deste problema para a saúde pública, já que se observou desconhecimento dos idosos quanto a questões relativas a esta deficiência, assim como ações de prevenção, tratamento e reabilitação decorrentes da mesma. A utilização deste tipo de indicador em estudos de base populacional poderia representar a criação de dados para determinação da extensão da carga global e regional desta deficiência no processo do envelhecimento / Introduction: Hearing loss in the elderly is due to the physiological process of aging that occur individually and it may be aggravated by several factors such as noise exposure, medications, illnesses and stress. Limitations resulting from this deficit can be minimized by avoiding consequences such as isolation and frustration in the elderly. Self report hearing loss that is an important tool to obtain indicators of prevalence of disability and that are scarce at the national, regional and local levels. Objectives: To describe the prevalence of hearing loss and its impact on health conditions of elderly people in São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Data are from the Survey of Health of São Paulo (ISA-Capital), a population-based cross-sectional study (n = 3357) with the non-institutionalized population residing in urban area of São Paulo. We analyzed the subgroup of elderly (n = 872). We used the 2 test of association and analysis of univariate Poisson regression. Results: The prevalence of hearing loss in elderly patients was 11.2 per cent and despite the preponderance of females in the population studied (60.3 per cent), the prevalence was higher in men than women (p = 0.006). Men who reported hearing loss had a differential use of health services, participated in more programs to prevent cancer of the prostate (RP: 1.252 - p = 0.015). Most elderly people with hearing impairment reported no difficulties in leisure activities (74.5 per cent) did not need help in routine activities (88.6 per cent), or assistance, whether medical or hospital treatment rehabilitation (63.3 per cent) as a result of this deficit. Conclusion: The high prevalence of self reported hearing loss, especially in the male sex, is relevant from the health public perspective, because the lack of knowledge the elderly regarding issues related to this deficiency as well as prevention, treatment and rehabilitation resulting from the same. The use of this type of indicator in population-based studies could represent the generation of data to determine the extent of global and regional burden of this deficiency in the aging process

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico das condições de saúde de população idosa de uma Comunidade Negra Remanescente de Quilombo (CNRQ) do município de Alcântara - MA, baseado no referencial teórico do modelo de Campo da Saúde, proposto por Lalonde (1974). Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, do tipo descritiva, exploratória e transversal, realizada com 27 idosos com idade entre 60 e 90 anos, residentes na comunidade quilombola Cajueiro I, Alcântara - MA. Após preparação do campo, a coleta de dados foi realizada em três etapas: elaboração e validação do roteiro para entrevistas, realização de entrevistas com os sujeitos e análise dos dados, que foram categorizados e organizados em planilhas, procedendo-se a cálculos estatísticos. Esta pesquisa teve aprovação do CEP da EERP/USP, bem como da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Alcântara - MA e das lideranças locais. Os resultados revelaram que a população de Cajueiro I é constituída por 225 indivíduos (52,5% do sexo masculino e 47,5% feminino), que constituem 66 famílias, com densidade domiciliar de 3,4 pessoas por família. Quanto aos dados relacionados à biologia humana, 96,3% dos sujeitos referiram possuir alguma doença, sendo informado HAS por 70,4% deles. Da história familiar de doenças, destaca-se a HAS como maior prevalência entre os familiares. Entre os entrevistados, 62,9% referiram uma condição de saúde \"ruim ou regular\" e 37% consideraram sua saúde como \"boa ou muito boa\". Em relação ao ambiente social e físico, a renda familiar referida por 81,5% foi de 1 a 3 salários mínimos; destacam-se a baixa escolaridade dos sujeitos (92,6%) e analfabetismo de 75% entre as mulheres. Foi relatado por 44,4% dos entrevistados consumo de água encanada, porém, sem nenhum tratamento, nem na captação nem para uso no domicílio, e prática inadequada dos resíduos sólidos (77,8% referiram queima dos resíduos). Quanto ao estilo de vida, 88,9% dos sujeitos referiram não praticar nenhuma atividade física, e possuir hábitos alimentares com predomínio de ingesta de carboidratos e baixa ingestão de frutas, legumes e verduras, e também de sal, açúcar e gorduras. Foi referido consumo ocasional de bebida alcóolica (37%) e tabagismo (7,4%); 51,9% dos sujeitos referiram estresse, atribuído em 92,86% das situações, a relações familiares. Conclui-se que as condições de saúde dessa população quilombola são afetadas pelos fatores de risco considerados no modelo de Campo da Saúde, sendo passíveis de intervenção dos serviços públicos, principalmente de saúde, no que diz respeito ao acesso e à organização dos serviços públicos, não apenas da saúde, mas também daqueles ligados ao saneamento da água, esgotos e resíduos sólidos, além de transporte. Considera-se de grande relevância uma ação efetiva para o planejamento e execução de políticas que venham favorecer a promoção da saúde da comunidade estudada e de outras semelhantes / This research aimed to realize a diagnosis of the health conditions of the elderly population in Remaining Black Community Quilombo (RBCQ) of the town of Alcântara of the State of Maranhão, Brazil, based on the theoretical reference of the model of Field of Health proposed by Lalonde (1974). This is a field research, descriptive, exploratory, cross-sectional, conducted with 27 elderly individuals aged between 60 and 90 years, residents in quilombola community Cajueiro I of Alcântara - Maranhão. After preparation of the field for research, data collection was conducted in three stages: development and validation of the screenplay for interviews, conducting interviews with the subjects and data analysis, were categorized and organized in spreadsheets, then proceeding to the calculations of statistical. This research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Nursing College of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo as well as the Municipal Health Department of Alcântara - Maranhão and the local leaders. The results revealed that the population of Cajueiro I is composed of 225 individuals (52.5% male and 47.5% female), that constitute 66 families with household density of 3.4 persons per family. Regarding to human biology data, 96.3% of subjects reported having any disease, the hypertension being reported by 70.4% of them. Of the family history of disease stands out the hypertension as higher prevalence in relatives. Among the interviewees, 62.9% reported \"fair or poor health\" and 37% considered their health as \"good or very good\". Regarding the social and physical environment, family income was reported by 81.5% of 1 to 3 minimum salaries; highlight the low education of the subjects (92.6%) and 75% illiteracy among women. Was reported by 44.4% of the respondents consumption of piped water; however, no treatment in the uptake or for home use, and inadequate practice of solid waste (77.8% reported burning of waste). As for lifestyle, 88.9% of subjects reported not practice any physical activity and possess dietary habits with predominant ingestion of carbohydrates and low intake of fruits and vegetables and also salt, sugar and fats. Was reported occasional consumption of alcoholic beverages (37%) and smoking (7.4%); 51.9% of the subjects reported stress attributed in 92.9% of the cases the family relations. It is concluded that the health conditions of this population quilombola are affected by risk factors considered in the model Field of Health, being amenable to intervention of public services, especially health, regarding to access and organization of public services, not just health, but also those related to water sanitation, sewage and solid waste and transportation. It is considered of great relevance for effective action for planning and implementing policies that will encourage health promotion of the community studied and the like