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Bakgrund: Den svenska statistiken visar att ungefär 7000 pacemakeroperationer sker per år i Sverige. Det är viktigt att, som sjuksköterska, ge rådgivning och utbildning till patient och närstående före implantationen, vid utskrivning och vid uppföljningarna. För att bedriva en personcentrerad omvårdnad och uppnå en fördjupad kunskap inom vården av patienter med pacemaker krävs en utökad förståelse för patientens upplevelse och livskvalitet. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patienters upplevelse av att leva med en pacemaker, och deras hälsorelaterade livskvalitet. Metod: En icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt gjordes, med sökningar i PubMed och i CINAHL. Sökningarna ledde till 12 vetenskapliga originalartiklar, varav 11 artiklar hade en kvantitativ metod och en artikel hade en kvalitativ ansats. Artiklarna genomgick kvalitetsgranskning via Sophiahemmet Högskolas bedömningsunderlag för vetenskaplig klassificering och kvalitet och därefter gjordes en integrerad dataanalys av artiklarna. Resultat: Den integrerade dataanalys resulterade i två huvudkategorier: Erfarenheter av att leva med pacemaker och Livskvalitet vid pacemaker. Patienter kunde känna en oro över hur bra pacemakern skulle fungera och det framkom att det varierade hur mycket informerade patienterna var. Den hälsorelaterade livskvaliteten förbättrades för de flesta personerna ett år efter pacemakerimplantationen. Resultatet visade även att faktorer som påverkar livskvaliteten var bland annat kön, ålder, graden av information och om de gick på uppföljningarna. Slutsats: Denna studie visade att patienter kan ha olika upplevelser efter en pacemakerimplantation, både positiva och negativa. Dessutom framkom att patienter kan känna att de och deras närstående skulle behöva mer information om pacemakern. Med ökad kunskap om patienternas upplevelse och med förbättrad och ökad patient- och familjeutbildning skulle oro kunna reduceras och patienters livskvalitet och upplevelse skulle kunna förbättras. / Background: The Swedish statistics show that approximately 7,000 pacemaker surgeries take place yearly in Sweden. It is important, as a nurse, to provide counseling and education to the patient and relatives before the implantation, upon discharge and during the follow-ups. To conduct person-centred care and achieve in-depth knowledge of the care of patients with a pacemaker, an expanded understanding of the patient's experience and quality of life is required. Aim: The aim was to describe patients' experience of living with a pacemaker, and their healthrelated quality of life. Method: A non-systematic literature review was done, with searches in PubMed and in CINAHL. The searches led to 12 original scientific articles, of which 11 articles had a quantitative method and one article had a qualitative approach. The articles underwent a quality-review through Sophiahemmet University's assessment document for scientific classification and quality, and then an integrated data-analysis of the articles was made. Results: The integrated data analysis resulted in two main categories: Experiences of living with a pacemaker and Quality of life with a pacemaker. Patients could feel a concern about how well the pacemaker would work and it appeared that it varied how much informed patients were. The health-related quality of life improved for most people one year after pacemaker implantation. The results also showed that factors affecting the quality of life included gender, age, level of information and whether they went for follow-up. Conclusions: This study showed that patients can have different experiences after a pacemaker implantation, both positive and negative. In addition, it emerged that patients may feel that they and their relatives need more information about the pacemaker. With increased knowledge about the patients' experience and with improved and increased patient- and family-education, anxiety could be reduced, and the patients' quality of life and experience could be improved.

Background: Children require a nurturing environment to develop optimally and reach their full potential. A critical component of this environment is the health and well-being of caregivers so that they can provide responsive caregiving. It is believed that parents or caregivers of children with ASD will have poorer health and well-being than parents or caregivers of children without ASD. Therefore, parents of children with ASD may require more support to enable them to provide responsive caregiving to these children. Methods: This study was a quantitative study that employed an analytical, comparative design. The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a significant difference in the health and well-being of parents with children with ASD and parents of children without ASD in the South African context. Two hundred and eight participants from two schools in Kwa-Zulu Natal completed a paper-based survey containing 3 questionnaires relating to health-related quality of life; stress, anxiety and depression and parental self-efficacy. Parenting constructs such as stress, anxiety and parental self-efficacy are measured and described, and the association between Health-related Quality of Life and constructs such as stress, anxiety and parental self-efficacy is explored. It took place at a special needs school in KZN and mainstream school in the same district. Results: The results of this study demonstrated a poorer HRQOL in some of the areas of parents of a child with ASD compared to parents of a child without ASD. The results from this study demonstrate the importance for health practitioners to focus on the parents' health and well-being as part of the child's intervention. Conclusion: Intervention is mainly child-focussed however it is important for practitioners to understand the caregiver's health and well-being as this will have a positive influence of the child and in turn, lead to successful intervention. It is therefore important to have a family-centred approach. The QOL of the parents or caregivers of children with ASD will improve through support and intervention which will positively impact on the child's development. If the caregiver is receiving the appropriate support, their QOL will improve and they will be able to provide nurturing care that the child needs.

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