The purpose of this study was to determine the national prevalence and correlates of currently diagnosed attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), behavioral problems, anxiety and depression among U.S. children aged 3–17 years. Data from the 2018 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) was analyzed. Parents/caregivers reported whether their children currently had each mental health condition. Chi square analyses and multivariate logistic regressions were utilized to examine the prevalence of conditions and assess independent associations based on selected sociodemographic characteristics. Weighted prevalence estimates were calculated for the study population (n = 26,572). The study found that 8.6% currently had ADHD, 6.9% currently had behavioral disorders, 8.0% currently had anxiety, 3.7% currently had depression and 16.1% had any of the four conditions. The prevalence of each disorder was higher for older age, Whites (except for behavioral disorders which were higher for Blacks), public insurance, single parent households, children living with non-parents, parent/caregiver mental/emotional health, and non-users of medical home when comparing individuals who had these disorders to those without the disorders. Condition-specific variations were observed. Children with public and private insurance, single parents/non-parents, mentally ill parents and not receiving care in a medical home were more likely to be diagnosed with mental health disorders. These findings provide the latest data on a broad range of mental health disorders in a nationally representative sample of U.S. children and adolescents and show that these problems are prevalent which highlight the need for prevention and early intervention.

Mentalising is an "imaginative mental activity that enables us to perceive and interpret human behaviour in terms of internal mental states (e.g. needs, desires, feelings, beliefs, goals, purposes and reasons)" (Bateman & Fonagy, 2012; page 4). While this has been studied within an adult population, there has been a lack of research in understanding this construct in adolescence and its associations with mental health. This thesis aimed to systematically review the literature to establish if there was an association between mentalising difficulties and mental health disorders in adolescence. It further aimed to empirically investigate using a questionnaire-based study with adolescents, the constructs of mentalising and their associations with mental wellbeing. The review found a negative association, indicating that low mentalising skills were a risk factor for mental health difficulties. However, there was a lack of research in this area and methodological and conceptual concerns about the measurement of mentalising. The empirical study found that the theoretical model of mentalising did not fit for adolescents. This was discussed in relation to the need for further adolescent specific research to understand this developing construct. In addition, a refined model that was hypothesised to be 'self-awareness' was suggested that was found to predict the mental wellbeing outcomes, indicating a potential risk factor for mental health difficulties in adolescence.

A large portion of U.S. inmates and parolees experience co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders (COD). Offenders with COD exhibit significantly poorer outcomes than offenders who do not have COD, including less time to rearrest and reincarceration. Research shows that transition services for substance use and mental health disorders improve parolee outcomes, yet a majority of offenders with COD do not receive transition services prior to discharge or upon release from correctional facilities. Using a nationally representative sample of offenders with COD (secondary data from the CJ-DATS; N=811), this study analyzes the treatment effects of Transition Case Management (TCM) on parolees' drug use, rearrest, and reincarceration during the first nine months of parole, on a sample of offenders with COD. Results indicate there are no statistically significant differences between TCM treatment and control groups when predicting likelihood of rearrest, reincarceration, and drug use.

Darbo tema: Gydytojų sveikatos ir ją lemiančių veiksnių vertinimas. Tyrimo tikslas ir uždaviniai: Šio tyrimo tikslas - įvertinti Lietuvos gydytojų subjektyvią sveikatą ir ją lemiančius veiksnius. Tyrimu siekiama nustatyti Lietuvos gydytojų savo sveikatos vertinimą, jaučiamus sveikatos sutrikimus, sergamumą, psichologinę sveikatą, gydytojų požiūrį į atliekamą darbą ir pasitenkinimą finansine padėtimi pagal lytį, amžių, specialybę, darbovietę ir šeimyninę padėtį. Metodika: Tyrime dalyvavo didžiųjų Lietuvos miestų ir apskričių ligoninių ir poliklinikų gydytojai, apklausos dieną buvę darbe ir sutikę dalyvauti. Tyrimo tikslui ir uždaviniams pasiekti, atliktas momentinis (paplitimo) epidemiologinis tyrimas, kuris atliekamas anoniminės anketinės apklausos būdu, naudojant PSO gyvenimo kokybės klausimyną. Iš viso analizuojamos 377 anketos (88,7 proc. visų numatytų apklausti gydytojų). Didžioji dauguma respondentų – 292 (77,5 proc.) buvo moterys, 85 (22,5 proc.) – vyrai; 149 apklausoje dalyvavusių gydytojų dirbo ligoninėse ir 218 – poliklinikose. Tiriamųjų amžius nuo 26 iki 70 metų. Statistinė duomenų analizė atlikta naudojantis SPSS 17,0 versijos statistiniu duomenų analizės paketu ir WinPepi programa. Vertinant kokybinių požymių statistinį ryšį, panaudotas Fišerio tikslusis (F) ir Chi-kvadrato (x2) kriterijus. Tyrimo rezultatai ir išvados: Daugiau kaip pusė tiriamų gydytojų savo sveikatą vertino gerai ir buvo ja patenkinti. Turintys sveikatos sutrikimų nurodė apie 70 proc... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Subject of assignment: Evaluation of physicians health and factors affecting health. The present study object and tasks: The present study was conducted to estimate subjective health and factors affecting Lithuanian physicians health. To achieve study task it is try to establish own health estimation, sense of health disorder, sickness rate, psychological health of Lithuanian physicians and their point of view to work performance, satisfaction of their financial position according to sex, age, speciality, working place and marital status. Method: Physicians from biggest Lithuanians towns and districts hospitals and outpatient clinics took part in present study, those who the day of questioning was at work place and agreed to participate in research. To achieve the research object and tasks was carried out instantaneous (spreading) epidemiological investigation. Research done by using an anonymous form, using WHO life quality questionnaire. All together analysed 377 forms (88,7 % of all foreknow examined doctor’s). The participants consisted of – 292 (77,5 %) females and 85 (22,5 %) males.149 participants has been working in the hospitals and 218 – outpatient clinics. Participants age from 26 to 70 years. Statistic data analysis was done by using SPSS 17.0 version statistic data analysis packet and WinPepi program. Qualitative signs statistic connection was estimated by using Fischer exact (F) and Chi-square (x2) criterion. Present study findings and conclusions: More than... [to full text]

The aim of this study was to compare the growth performance and incidences of health disorders of the Drakensberger breed to the collective total of all other beef breeds in feedlots. The objective was to conduct a meta-analysis on the performance, health and centralised growth data (Phase C) of all cattle breeds from different regions in South Africa. The intention was not to compare different breeds with each other but only the Drakensberger breed to other breeds and crossbreeds generally found in feedlots. Results from Phase C performance tests at the centres, as well as historical growth and health data were gathered from a number of feedlots. Data from feedlots were only accepted when individual animal records were kept; classification was according to breed type; and when Drakensbergers were present in the particular feedlot. The aim was to utilise historical records of up to ten years per feedlot. After initial processing and elimination of outliers, a meta-analysis was performed on the growth data. Each feedlot was analysed separately, followed by a final meta-analysis, which incorporated results from all the feedlots. It included 497 798 head of cattle from 5 feedlots, with a separate analysis on Phase C performance test data, comprising of 6139 animals from 4 Agricultural Research Council (ARC) test centres. Health data from 2 feedlots, comprising of 24 819 animals, along with Phase C performance test data from 2 ARC test centres, including 1746 head of cattle, were analysed. The variables included in the analysis were: average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality and morbidity ratios and type of disease or disorder. In addition to determining the individual effects of breed, sex, season, year, region and diseases, possible interactions amongst these factors were investigated. The meta-analysis on the feedlot performance and Phase C performance tests revealed that other breeds had a higher (P < 0.01) ADG than Drakensbergers. No difference was observed between Drakensbergers and other breeds within gender and within season. The meta-analysis on Phase C performance test data showed no significant difference in FCR between Drakensbergers and other breeds. A feedlot study, including 23 554 head of cattle, has shown that Drakensbergers have a higher rate (P < 0.01) of respiratory disease occurrence during the winter season than other breeds. Likewise, results from the ARC test centre in Irene, consisting of 1553 animals, reveal that the occurrence of respiratory diseases was less (P < 0.01) in other breeds than in Drakensbergers. However, there seem to be no significant differences in the occurrence of metabolic disturbances and other diseases between Drakensbergers and other breeds. Although a statistical difference of only 20 grams per day (P < 0.01) in ADG were found between Drakensbergers and other breeds in feedlots and test centres, the biological and economical effect would most probably be insignificant. The large dataset of close to 500 000 cattle also contributed to such a small weight difference being significant. The majority of the contributing feedlots stated that their record keeping lack accuracy and do not comprise of a complete set of health data. Readers are therefore advised to interpret the health data analyses with caution as the analyses are not representative of the actual health status of cattle in the feedlot industry, simply because accurate data does not exist. / Dissertation (MSc(Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Animal and Wildlife Sciences / unrestricted

Mental health disorder is the leading cause of disease burden in women worldwide. Pregnant women with mental disorder are especially at risk of having offspring with adverse outcomes. This study aimed to investigate risk factors of mental health disorder among Chinese pregnant women in the third trimester. A total of 462 pregnant women in their third trimester completed interviews at three hospitals in Shandong Province, China from July to December, 2010. The Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) was used to evaluate mental health disorder, and was defined as total score ≥160, or scores of any symptom dimensions ≥3, or total of positive symptoms ≥43. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the risk factors of mental health disorder, and to adjust for covariates. The total score and scores of somatization, obsessive-compulsive, anxiety, and phobic anxiety were higher than corresponding national norm by SCL-90-R assessment (all p<0.05). Multiple logistic regression showed family income, relationship with parents-in-law, concerns about child's health, fear of delivery, and pregnancy complications were negatively associated with mental health disorder (all p<0.05). More specifically, relationship with parents-in-law, fear of delivery, preference on mode of delivery (Caesarean section), and body image concerns were positively associated with anxiety (all p<0.05); Fear of delivery was positively associated with depression (p=0.023). Family income, relationship with parents-in-law, concern about child's health, fear of delivery, and pregnancy complications were identified as potential risk factors of mental health disorder in this Chinese pregnant women population. Strategies to reduce mental health disorder are needed among Chinese pregnant women.

In conducting this study, the ultimate goal was to determine whether parents and other caregivers of individuals with disabilities are experiencing higher levels of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms as compared to the general population. Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), intellectual disabilities and other disabilities are more likely to engage in aggressive behaviors such as hitting, kicking, biting, screaming, and self-injurious behavior. Research has also shown that parents of children with special needs have higher levels of stress, and special education teachers are leaving the field due to burnout. In addition to comparing PTSD levels of these caregivers with the general population, results of parents in this sample size were compared with the results of other caregivers. Using the PTSD Checklist – Civilian version (PCL-C), a self-report questionnaire, PTSD total scores, the three subscale scores which included re-experiencing, avoidance/numbing, and hyperarousal were analyzed. In total PCL-C scores and the subscale scores, the respondents’ results were statistically significant, with a mean score of 46.7 as compared to 29 with the general population. In addition, results demonstrated that parents and other caregivers that worked with an individual with a disability who engaged in aggressive behavior had a higher mean score than those who didn’t among this population. When divided into two groups, parents had a higher mean than the other caregivers. Future research can be done on PTSD treatments for this specific population without having to remove them from their environments in order to help reduce burnout and attrition among caregivers of individuals with disabilities.

Seclusion is a behavioral management intervention used at the practicum site to manage maladaptive behaviors seen in mentally ill patients. Seclusion is not a voluntary occurrence for patients. The practice-focused question asked: Can development of an evidence-based practice (EBP) guideline help guide health care providers in the development of a multisensory room as an alternative to seclusion for people living with mental health disorders (PLWMHD)? The purpose of this DNP project was to develop the EBP guideline for a multisensory room as an alternative to seclusion for the practicum site. To aid in the development of the EBP guideline, the AGREE II model provided the framework for quality improvement related to better patient outcomes. The sources of evidence for this DNP project were drawn from the systematic review of the literature related to primary, original, and peer-reviewed journals. The electronic databases used for conducting these searches were CINAHL with Plus Full, Medline with full text, PsycINFO, SocINDEX and the Walden University library. The analytical strategy for this DNP project was to conduct a content analysis of research studies for recurrent themes, related to maladaptive behaviors, seclusion, and sensory rooms, in order to develop the draft guideline. Subsequently, 14 experts were selected for review of the resultant draft guideline using the AGREE II tool. Expert input and feedback was incorporated to achieve consensus on the final version. The potential implication for nursing practice is patient safety for a targeted population. The positive social change expected to occur for health care providers at the practicum site is the use of a best-practice tool based on evidence during their provision of care for PLWMHDs.

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Research suggests a relationship between time distortion and mental health disorders, and the present study sought to examine this proposition. Prior research suggests that negative emotions are associated with the slowing down of time. Because mental health disorder symptomology is associated with more negative emotions, it was predicted that negative emotions would mediate the relationship between mental health disorder symptomology and time distortion. A survey was administered to university students that contained measures of anxiety, depression, emotional experiences, and time perception. Mental health disorder symptomology was found to be related to negative emotions. However, negative emotions and mental health disorder symptomology were not related to time distortion. Thus, the proposed mediation model was not supported. The primary reason for these results likely lies in the challenges of measuring time distortion. Despite the lack of effects found in the present study, investigating this topic is crucial for understanding the perceptual experiences of those with mental health disorders.