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In sickness and in health [electronic resource] : how information and knowledge are related to health behavior /Eriksson-Backa, Kristina, January 2003 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (doctoral)--Åbo Akademi, 2003. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on January 5, 2007). Includes bibliographical references (p. 186-205). Also available in print.
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Perceptions of cardiac self-care among Lebanese patients and their family caregivers /Dumit, Nuhad Yazbik. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D. in Nursing) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 194-203). Free to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
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Compreens?o dos fatores que motivam os motociclistas a se exporem aos riscos de acidentes no tr?nsitoSantos, F?bio de Jesus 18 August 2016 (has links)
?rea de concentra??o: Promo??o da sa?de, preven??o e controle de doen?as. / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-02-17T16:45:32Z
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Previous issue date: 2016 / Aproximadamente 1,24 milh?es de pessoas morrem por ano em acidentes de tr?nsito em todo
o mundo, sendo que 23% destas mortes ocorrem com os motociclistas e entre 20 e 50 milh?es
sofrem traumatismos n?o fatais. O Brasil ? o quinto pa?s no mundo em n?mero de mortes por
acidentes de tr?nsito, sendo que entre os anos de 1996 a 2009 a taxa de mortalidade por
acidente de motocicletas aumentou em 800%. Este estudo objetivou identificar e compreender
os fatores que motivam os motociclistas a escolherem a motocicleta como um meio de
transporte, verificar se eles percebem o risco ao conduzir uma motocicleta, identificar
poss?veis comportamentos inseguros e conhecer atitudes de preven??o de acidentes praticadas
por eles. Optou por um estudo qualitativo do tipo estudo de caso, desenvolvido com os
motociclistas v?timas de acidentes de tr?nsito que deram entrada no centro cir?rgico do
Hospital Jo?o XXIII, localizado na cidade de Belo Horizonte/MG, no m?s de mar?o de 2016.
O m?todo de coleta de dados foi a entrevista semiestruturada, gravada na forma de ?udio, com
posterior transcri??o. Os documentos foram analisados na perspectiva da an?lise de conte?do
por categoria tem?tica. Dos 15 motociclistas, todos eram homens, sendo a m?dia de idade
igual a 26,9 anos. Os fatores motivacionais revelados foram: o ganho no tempo, a economia
proporcionada pelo ve?culo, o gosto pela motocicleta, o fato de ser um ve?culo mais r?pido, a
praticidade, a agilidade, o fato de ser mais barato, a situa??o de que a condi??o financeira ? de
ter uma moto e a situa??o de ser o ?nico ve?culo dispon?vel no momento para uso do sujeito.
Os motociclistas perceberam o risco a que est?o expostos, por?m apresentaram esta percep??o
com enfoques diferentes, como a percep??o clara do risco, o risco relacionado a terceiros,
relacionado ao condutor, associado ? exposi??o corporal, o risco cont?nuo e tamb?m o risco
direto n?o percebido pelo motociclista. Os comportamentos inseguros foram: falta de aten??o,
alta velocidade, andar no corredor, pressa demais, ultrapassagem perigosa, costurar no
tr?nsito, agir por impulso, uso de bebida alco?lica, conduzir sem condi??es alimentares e
exibicionismo. As atitudes de preven??o de acidentes reveladas foram: prestar aten??o, andar
devagar, respeito ?s sinaliza??es, n?o realizar manobras perigosas no tr?nsito, realizar
manuten??o cont?nua da motocicleta, manter dist?ncia entre ve?culos, utilizar seta
adequadamente e sair de casa mais cedo. Entende-se que a motiva??o pode ser criada ao
longo da viv?ncia dos motociclistas que s?o estimulados por quest?es sociais e culturais. No
contexto atual observa-se que o meio de produ??o capitalista age influenciando e/ou
determinando o modo de vida das pessoas. A pesquisa revelou a rela??o do uso da
motocicleta com as necessidades trabalhistas. A hospitaliza??o dos motociclistas n?o
demonstrou ser uma condi??o que limitasse as respostas deles em prol dos objetivos
investigados. Os resultados encontrados foram semelhantes a alguns estudos realizados no
Brasil, por?m destaca-se a rela??o entre o fator tempo e o aspecto financeiro como um
conjunto quase que obrigat?rio para o motociclista na escolha do meio de transporte. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / About 1,240,000 people die every year in traffic accidents in the world, with 23% of these
deaths occur with motorcyclists and between 20 and 50,000,000 suffer non-fatal injuries. The
Brazil is the fifth country in the world in number of deaths from traffic accidents, and between
the years of 1996 to 2009 accident mortality rate of motorcycles increased by 800%. This
study aimed to identify and understand the factors that motivate the bikers to choose the
motorcycle as a means of transport, check if they perceive the risk while driving a motorcycle,
identify potential unsafe behavior and meet accident prevention attitudes practiced by them.
Opted for a qualitative study of case study type, developed with the biker?s victims of traffic
accidents who checked in the operating room of the John XXIII Hospital, located in the city
of Belo Horizonte/MG, in the month of March 2016. The method of data collection was the
semi-structured interview, recorded in the form of audio, with subsequent transcription. The
documents were analyzed from the perspective of content analysis by thematic category. Of
the 15 riders, all were men, the median age being equal to 26.9 years. The motivational
factors revealed were: the gain in time, the economy provided by the vehicle, the taste for
motorcycles, the fact of being a vehicle faster, practicality, agility, being cheaper, the situation
of the financial condition is to have a motorcycle and the situation to be the only vehicle
available at the time for use of the subject. Motorcyclists realized the risk to which they are
exposed, but presented this perception with different approaches, as the clear perception of
risk, the risk related to third parties, related the driver associated with the display, continuous
risk and also the direct risk is not perceived by the biker. Unsafe behaviors were: lack of
attention, high speed, walking in the hallway, in a flash, dangerous overtaking, sew in traffic,
acting on impulse, use of alcohol, driving while impaired and exhibitionism. The attitudes of
accident prevention revealed were: pay attention, walk slowly, about the signs, not perform
dangerous maneuvers in traffic, perform ongoing maintenance of motorcycle, maintaining
distance between vehicles, use arrow keys properly and leave home early. It is understood that
motivation can be created along the experience of riders that are stimulated by social and
cultural issues. In the current context it is observed that the means of capitalist production acts
influencing and/or determining the way of life of the people. The survey found the use of the
motorcycle with the labor needs. The hospitalization of riders not shown to be a condition that
limited their responses for the investigated. The results were similar to some studies
conducted in Brazil, but the relationship between the time factor and the financial aspect as a
set almost mandatory for the biker in the choice of means of transport.
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Locus de controle, conhecimento, atitude e pratica do uso de pilula e preservativo entre adolescentes universitarios / Locus of control, knowledge, attitude and practice about the use of the pill and the preservative among adolescents university studentsAlves, Aline Salheb, 1980- 16 February 2007 (has links)
Orientador: Maria Helena Baena de Moraes Lopes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T15:33:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) define como adolescentes as pessoas com idade entre dez e 19 anos. A adolescência é um período onde decisões importantes são tomadas a partir de pouca experiência de vida e tais decisões podem ter conseqüências para toda a vida. A sexualidade, presente em toda a trajetória de vida do ser humano, busca sua afirmação na adolescência. Pesquisadores demógrafos desenvolveram um modelo especial conhecido como estudo CAP (conhecimento, atitude e prática), numa tentativa de coletar informações sobre contracepção e comportamento reprodutivo. Sabe-se também que características pessoais e da personalidade influenciam o comportamento, e é o que a escala de locus de controle pretende avaliar. Locus de controle' é uma variável que se refere a uma característica individual das pessoas sobre a percepção de quem controla os acontecimentos. Pode ser interna, no caso do indivíduo acreditar que mantém o controle sobre sua vida; ou externa, no caso do sujeito atribuir o controle da sua vida a outras pessoas, entidades ou até mesmo sorte ou destino. Foi objetivo deste estudo avaliar a relação entre o locus de controle e o conhecimento, atitude e prática do uso de pílula e preservativo entre adolescentes, ingressantes de uma universidade pública do estado de São Paulo. Foi utilizado um questionário e a escala multidimensional de locus de controle de Levenson. A amostra foi composta por 295 adolescentes. Pouco mais da metade (51,2%) relatou não ter iniciado atividade sexual e dentre os que haviam iniciado, 91,7% afirmaram que utilizaram método contraceptivo na primeira relação sexual. Os métodos mais utilizados foram o preservativo e a pílula, isoladamente ou combinados com outros métodos. Dentre os estudantes que tinham iniciado atividade sexual, 75,7% não planejavam suas relações sexuais, ou planejavam, às vezes. Sobre o preservativo, 92,6% afirmaram que os adolescentes devem utilizá-lo em todas as relações sexuais e 23,1% consideraram que usar o preservativo diminui o prazer nas relações. Os adolescentes demonstraram ter maior conhecimento do que prática correta de uso de pílula e preservativo (71,4% vs 37,1%, p<0,001 pelo teste de Wilcoxon). Quanto ao locus de controle, observou-se maior externalidade-outros poderosos para o sexo masculino. Verificou-se correlação entre o locus de controle e a prática: quanto maior o escore do locus externalidade-outros poderosos, menor a prática correta de uso do método contraceptivo. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre o locus de controle e as características sociodemográficas. Conclui-se que os universitários iniciam atividade sexual mais tardiamente, buscam conhecimento sobre anticoncepção e a pílula e o preservativo masculino são os métodos mais utilizados. Embora apresentem conhecimento e atitudes adequados, precisam modificar algumas de suas práticas para uma anticoncepção eficaz. O locus de controle externalidade outros-poderosos influencia a prática anticoncepcional nesse grupo de adolescentes / Abstract: The World Health Organization (WHO) defines adolescents as people between ten and nineteen years old. Adolescence is a period of time in which many important decisions are made based on little life experience, decisions which may imply in consequences for the rest of their lives. Sexuality, which is present throughout the life of the human being life, is usually asserted during adolescence. Demographic investigators developed a special model known as KAP study (knowledge, attitude and practice), with the purpose of collecting information regarding contraceptives and reproductive behavior. It is already known that personal characteristics may affect behavior, and that is what the multidimensional Levenson?s locus of control scale intends to evaluate. ?Locus of Control? is a variable referring to the individual characteristics of people regarding the perception of who controls the facts in their lives. It can be internal if the person considers themselves as the source of the facts in which they are involved; or external, when the person attributes the control of their life to other people, entities, or even to luck or fate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the locus of control and the knowledge, attitude and practice concerning the use of contraceptive pills and male preservatives among teenagers at a Public University in the State of São Paulo. A questionnaire and the Levenson?s locus of control scale were utilized. The sample was composed of 295 teenagers. Over half of them (51.2%) had not yet initiated sexual activity. Among those who had initiated in sexual activities, 91.7% reported that they had utilized some type of contraceptive method during their first sexual intercourse. The most frequent methods used were preservatives and pills, or these in combination with other methods. It was verified that frequently (40.3%) the relationships were not planned. Regarding preservatives, 92.6% agreed that their use by adolescents was necessary during each and every sexual intercourse and 23.1% believed that using preservative diminished pleasure. The adolescents showed higher knowledge than correct practice concerning the use of contraceptive pill and preservative (71.4% vs 37.1%, p<0,001 with the Wilcoxon test). Male students had higher scores of powerful others externality. It was observed correlation between locus of control and the practice: the higher the rate of powerful others externality, the lower the correct use of contraceptives. It was no significant differences between the locus of control and social-demographic characteristics. It was concluded that this adolescents had sexual initiation late, seek information about contraception, and the contraceptive pill and the preservative were the most utilized method. Although they have corrects knowledge and practice, they need modified some of their practices for an effective contraception. The powerful others externality locus influenced the practice of contraceptive use in this group of adolescents / Mestrado / Enfermagem e Trabalho / Mestre em Enfermagem
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Estudo das características relacionadas à falha no retorno para aconselhamento pós-teste e entrega de resultado de HIV no Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento Betinho" / A study of the characteristics associated to failure to return for posttest counseling and HIV test result delivery at the HIV Counseling and Testing Center BetinhoPaula Jayme de Araujo 29 March 2006 (has links)
Os Centros de Testagem e Aconselhamento (CTA) disponibilizam a testagem para o HIV e o aconselhamento. Alguns pacientes não retornam para pegar o resultado. Investigou-se características associadas a "falha no retorno" (FNR) no CTA-Betinho, em 2003 e 2004. Conduziu-se um estudo observacional transversal. A FNR foi de 19,4% (n=548). Foram associadas a FNR: faixa etária; faixa etária adolescente; origem do cliente; tipo de orientação; primeiro teste no CTA; CTA-Itinerante; tempo de espera do resultado e tempo de espera maior que 30 dias; resultado HIV reagente. Após análise multivariada, permaneceram: faixa etária adolescente; CTA-Itinerante; tempo de espera do resultado maior que 30 dias; resultado HIV reagente. Aspectos de vulnerabilidade estariam contribuindo para FNR. Procedimentos implantados no CTA poderiam diminuir a FNR. Os resultados condizem com a literatura internacional / The HIV Counseling and Testing Centers (CTC) offer the HIV test and counseling. Some of the patients fail to return for HIV test result delivery. It was investigated characteristics related to failure to return (FTR) at the CTC Betinho in 2003 and 2004. A cross-sectional study was conducted. FTR during the study period was 19.4% (n=548). Variables associated to FTR were: age; teenagers; patient's reference; kind of pretest counseling; first HIV test at the CTA; Itinerant CTA; waiting period for the result; waiting period for the result of more than 30 days; HIV positive test result. After logistic regression, the following variables remained: teenagers; Itinerant CTA; waiting period for the result of more than 30 days; HIV positive test result. FTR could be explained by some issues related to social and individual vulnerability. Procedures could be implemented at CTA to minimize FTR. These results corroborate international studies
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Representações Sociais sobre o \"louco\" e a \"loucura\": concepções e práticas de profissionais da atenção básica / Social representations about the \"mad\" and the \"madness\": primary care professionals concepts and practices.Sartori, Nely Regina 14 October 2015 (has links)
A \"loucura\" e o \"louco\", ao longo dos tempos, tiveram sua concepção compreendida, pensada e teorizada de diversas maneiras, em diferentes momentos históricos. No Brasil, a atenção à saúde mental é marcada pela perspectiva asilar e centrada na doença, fragmentando o indivíduo e suas necessidades. No âmbito das políticas públicas, relevante atenção ocorre para o estabelecimento de medidas para articular os serviços que dispensam cuidados a pessoa com transtorno mental, substitutivos ao modelo hospitalocêntrico, ficando evidente o esforço empreendido de não se reduzir a Reforma Psiquiátrica à desospitalização, colocando em pauta ações na atenção básica como componente essencial à desinstitucionalização do cuidado a pessoas com transtorno mental. Objetivou-se com este estudo conhecer e descrever as representações sociais de profissionais de saúde da atenção básica do município de Marília acerca do transtorno mental e da assistência prestada ao doente mental. Tratou-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo de campo, cujo referencial teórico de investigação foi a Teoria das Representações Sociais (TRS). Os locais de estudo foram as Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) e Unidades Saúde da Família (USF) da cidade de Marília. Fizeram parte desse estudo 12 profissionais de saúde. Elegemos a entrevista semi estruturada como instrumento de coleta de dados e para análise dos dados foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. No presente estudo duas categorias emergiram: Representações sociais sobre o \"louco\" e a \"loucura\" e Práticas de Saúde e Atenção Básica. Identificamos que as Representações Sociais (RS) sobre o \"louco\" estão ancoradas na desrazão, na periculosidade, agressividade, incapacidade de relacionamentos interpessoais, com comprometimento familiar e de trabalho. A visão estigmatizante e excludente esteve presente nos discursos de forma implícita e explicita. Alguns profissionais conseguem conceber conviver com a pessoa portadora de transtorno mental em espaços sociais, mas não em espaços privados. Falta de autonomia esteve vinculada à figura da pessoa portadora de transtorno mental, pois o transtorno mental leva a dependência, incapacidade das escolhas e possibilidade de superação. A \"loucura\" foi representada como de origem psicológica, biológica, espiritual, hereditária, social ou multicausal. A abordagem terapêutica concebida, pela maioria, como eficaz e possível nas UBS e USF foi a prescrição medicamentosa. A figura médica, a medicalização e alienação dos sujeitos, o estigma e a falta de capacitação foram as fragilidades apontadas por este estudo, por outro lado a escuta terapêutica e o acolhimento dos profissionais de saúde constituíram-se aspectos de potencialidades. Em relação à UBS e USF essas foram concebidas como sendo espaços inadequados a cuidar da pessoa portadora de transtorno mental, pois esses indivíduos além de possuírem uma complexidade no atendimento, geram sobrecarga de trabalho e uma demanda afetiva-técnica específica. Muitos conceberam que os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) são os espaços dentro da Atenção Básica destinados e adequados à essa população e que a Saúde Mental não faz parte das estratégias abordadas pelas Atenção Básica. Pudemos concluir com este estudo que o estigma é a maior barreira para a conquista de autonomia e cidadania da pessoa portadora de transtorno mental e que as práticas profissionais estão ancoradas em nossas representações sociais, só sendo possível transformar os processos sociais e nossas práticas quando admitirmos que nossas representações concebem esses indivíduos como diferentes, excluídos e marginalizados / Throughout the years, mad and madness has had their conception understood, thought through and theorized in many forms and in different historical moments. In Brazil, mental health care is based in homes and centered in the illness, hence, fragmenting the individual and their needs. Regarding public policies, important attention is given establishing ways to replace the hospital-centered model and articulate services that provide care to people with mental disorder. In this way, highlighting the effort undertaken not to reduce the Psychiatry Reform to discharging people from the hospital only. But it is also giving attention to primary care service as an essential element for mental disorder care deinstitutionalization. The purpose of this study is to get to know and describe social representations of primary care health professionals in the city of Marilia about mental disorder and also the assistance provided to the mentally ill. It is an exploratory-descriptive field study, whose theoretical background of investigation was the Social Representation Theory (SRT). The places where the study took place were Health Centers and Family Health Centers in the city of Marilia. Twelve health professionals took part on this study. The method for data collection was the semi-structured interview and content analyses technique for data analyses. Two categories emerged at the present study; social representations about the \"mad\" and the \"madness\" and Health and Primary Care Practices. We identified that Social Representations about the \"mad\" are based on discerning incapability, dangerousness, aggressiveness, incapability of interpersonal relationships, compromising family and work. The stigmatizing and excluding view were direct and indirectly present throughout the speeches. Some professionals manage to be able to live with mental disorder patients in social environments but not private ones. Lack of autonomy has been related with the mentally disordered patient, because mental disorder takes to dependency, incapability of choosing and possibility of overcoming. \"Madness\" was represented as having a psychological, biological, spiritual, hereditary, social or multiple cause background. The therapeutic approach conceived by most professionals as efficient and possible at the health centers was drug prescription. Doctors, medicalization, alienation of the subject, stigma and lack of capability were the weaknesses presented by the study. On the other hand, therapeutic listening and the health professionals welcoming were positive aspects. Regarding the Health Centers and the Family Health Centers, they were considered inappropriate to assist mentally disordered patient because these patients demand a complex assistance creating an overload of work and a specific emotional demand. Many conceived that Psychosocial Attention Centers (CAPS in Portuguese) are places inside primary care designed and suitable for this group and that mental health is not part of the strategies approached by primary care. We could conclude based on this study that stigma is the biggest barrier for acquiring the mentally disordered patient\"s autonomy and citizenship. Another conclusion is that professional practices are grounded in our social representations being only possible to transform social process and practices when we admit that our representations recognize these group of people as different, excluded and marginalized
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The care to share HIV disclosure study - the attitudes toward and beliefs about HIV disclosure among perinatally-infected HIV-positive youth and their caregivers.Noroski, Lenora M. Markham, Christine M., Parcel, Guy S., Fu, Yun-Xin January 2009 (has links)
Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-06, page: 3551. Adviser: Christine Markham. Includes bibliographical references.
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Factors surrounding and strategies to reduce recapping used needles by nurses at a Venezuelan public hospitalGalindez Araujo, Luis J. January 2009 (has links)
Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2009. / Title from PDF of title page. Document formatted into pages; contains 224 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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The Lived Experience of Women of Mexican Heritage with HIV/AIDSDominguez, Linda Maria, 1950- January 1996 (has links)
No description available.
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Making homes smoke-free : the impact of an empowerment intervention for parentsHerbert, Rosemary, 1955- January 2008 (has links)
One-third of American children under the age of 18 years and one in ten Canadian children aged 0-11 years are exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) predisposing them to multiple health problems. Although several intervention strategies to reduce ETS exposure among children have been tested, to date there is not enough evidence to recommend one strategy over another. The objectives of this study were: (a) to test if parents' participation in an intervention based on an empowerment ideology and participatory experiences decreases the number of cigarettes smoked in homes; and (b) to identify barriers to making homes and vehicles smoke-free, as well as facilitators used by parents to manage these barriers. To enable informed decision-making on how to measure empowerment, a systematic review was conducted to identify questionnaires that best measure health-related empowerment among adults and in families. / In a randomized controlled trial, 36 families were allocated to the intervention (n=17) or control group (n=19). The six week intervention included three, two hour group sessions, followed by three follow-up telephone calls, all at weekly intervals. Data were collected in interviewer-administered questionnaires at baseline and at six months follow-up. / No significant difference was detected between the intervention and control groups in the number of cigarettes smoked in the home daily at six months follow-up. However empowerment increased and the number of cigarettes smoked in the home decreased in both the intervention and control groups from baseline (median=17) to six-month follow-up (median=5). / Parents identified multiple barriers to smoke-free homes and vehicles including personal factors, factors involving others, and factors related to the physical environment. The most commonly identified barriers to smoke-free homes were personal factors, with tobacco addiction cited most often. In describing how to overcome barriers, parents identified facilitators involving other people as most effective, yet they most often relied on themselves. None ofthe parents identified a health provider as a facilitator. The multiple and complex barriers identified in this study suggest that interventions and practice guidelines should incorporate multiple strategies and individualized approaches to assist parents to make their homes and vehicles smoke-free.
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