Global ETD Search

11	Kommun och landsting - Vem har mest makt? : en kvalitativ studie om den samverkan som sker mellan dessa organisationer vid vårdplaneringar kring äldre personer i Sverige Hagenvall, Mina, Kanias, Vikki January 2006 (has links) This essay’s focus lies on the collaboration that takes place in hospitals and called a care-plan (vårdplanering) between the two organisations: Health-care (landsting) and social-care (kommun). According to the Swedish-law are these organizations responsible for the care of elderly individuals in Sweden. The aim of this essay has been to study closely this collaboration in order to see which partner has the most influencing power. This essay is of a qualitative character, which means that the results that are presented are based on six individual interviews with employees from the two organizations. The employees chosen for this essay all have job experiences from the collaboration that takes place during care-plans in hospitals. One of the main results of this essay has been that the two organizations are not equal collaboration-partners. All the interviewed individuals talked highly about the importance of collaboration while in reality they end up in an subliminal battle against each other. The main conclusion of this essay is that the focus of a care-plan meeting appears to be on gaining the most power, in order to influence the outcome of a care-plan, rather than giving priority to the elderly individual’s needs and concerns. Collaboration Social-care organization Health-care organization Elderly individuals Equal collaboration-partners Elderly social-care Elderly health-care Care-plan Power Samverkan Kommun Landsting Äldre personer Jämlika samverkansparter Äldreomsorg Äldrevård Vårdplanering Makt Social work Socialt arbete
12	A gerência nas Unidades de Saúde da Família: o olhar dos profissionais / The management in the Family Health Units: the view of the professionals Mendes, Juliana Delalibera Thobias 08 April 2013 (has links) Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:45:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5314.pdf: 848507 bytes, checksum: 208b20984a132f3ff7f8a57a6b20bd6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-08 / This study aims to investigate the organization of the management process in the Family Health Units (FHU) in São Carlos, São Paulo, in the perspective of physicians, nurses and dentists of five Family Health Group (FHG). The study type was exploratory with a qualitative character. It was based on the interview form designated as subject-centered, which is based on the possibility of exploration of issues defined in advance by the researcher of the project. The study is based on reports about the management process experienced by these professionals taking as analytical categories: the Labour Process, the Care Process and the Continuous Education Process. In order to analyse the data, the Content Analysis based on the thematic modality proposed by Bardin (1977) was considered. It was verified that the management was recognized by professionals as an important tool for the consummation of the practices of FHU in the municipality studied, however, it was little developed and its effective implementation has shown itself as a great challenge to the responsible managers. It was identified, in the studied FHU, a management style highly centered on the nursing professionals, what makes necessary a change on the way through the professionaIs of the FHG see their managerial practices and that professionals responsible by the management be stimulated to think in methodologies, knowledge and practices capable of make the management currently employed closer to that proposed by the FHT. / O estudo tem como objetivo investigar a organização do processo gerencial em Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) no município de São Carlos, São Paulo, na perspectiva dos profissionais médicos, enfermeiros e dentistas de cinco equipes de saúde da família. O estudo realizado foi do tipo exploratório de caráter qualitativo. Baseou-se na modalidade designada como entrevista centrada no sujeito, que se fundamenta na possibilidade de exploração de questões definidas previamente pelo pesquisador deste trabalho. O estudo está sustentado nos relatos sobre o processo de gerência vivenciado por esses profissionais tomando como categorias analíticas: o Processo de Trabalho; o Processo de Cuidado e o Processo de Educação Permanente. Para a análise de dados utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo na modalidade temática proposta por Bardin (1977). Verificou-se que a gerência foi reconhecida pelos profissionais como uma ferramenta importante para a efetivação das práticas da USF no município estudado, no entanto, é pouco desenvolvida e sua efetiva implementação mostrou-se um grande desafio aos gestores responsáveis. Identificou-se, nas USF estudadas, uma gerência fortemente centrada nos profissionais enfermeiros, por isso faz-se necessário uma mudança na maneira por meio das quais os profissionais da ESF vêem suas práticas gerenciais e que os profissionais responsáveis pela gerência sejam estimulados a pensar em metodologias, conhecimentos e práticas capazes de tornar a gerência atualmente empregada mais próxima àquela proposta pela ESF. Saúde - administração Saúde da família Serviços de saúde - organização Atenção à saúde Gestão em saúde Administração de serviço de saúde Organização da atenção da saúde Health management Health care administration Family health Health care organization CIENCIAS DA SAUDE
13	Aspects méthodologiques, mesure et facteurs associés à l’autonomie des patients utilisant les technologies de dialyse péritonéale à domicile Moqadem, Khalil 03 1900 (has links) La dialyse péritonéale (DP) est une thérapie d’épuration extra-rénale qui peut se réaliser à domicile par l’entremise d’une technologie. Elle exige, du patient certaines aptitudes, (motivation et compétence) et de l’équipe de soins, une organisation particulière pour arriver à une autonomie d’exécution de l’épuration. Dans un contexte de thérapie à domicile, comme celui de la dialyse péritonéale, le niveau d’autonomie des patients ainsi que les facteurs qui y sont associés n’ont pas été examinés auparavant. C’est l’objet de cette thèse. En se fondant sur la théorie de l’autodétermination et sur une revue de la littérature, un cadre conceptuel a été développé et fait l’hypothèse que trois types de facteurs essentiels pourraient influencer l’autonomie. Il s’agit de facteurs individuels, technologiques et organisationnels. Pour tester ces hypothèses, un devis mixte séquentiel, composé de deux volets, a été réalisé. Un premier volet qualitatif - opérationnalisé par des entrevues auprès de 12 patients et de 11 infirmières - a permis, d’une part, d’explorer et de mieux définir les dimensions de l’autonomie pertinente dans le cadre de la DP; d’autre part de bonifier le développement d’un questionnaire. Après validation, ce dernier a servi à la collecte de données lors du deuxième volet quantitatif et alors a permis d’obtenir des résultats auprès d’un échantillon probabiliste (n =98), tiré de la population des dialysés péritonéaux du Québec (N=700). L’objectif de ce deuxième volet était de mesurer le degré d’autonomie des patients, d’examiner les associations entre les facteurs technologiques, organisationnels ainsi qu’individuels et les différentes dimensions de l’autonomie. Des analyses univariées et multivariées ont été réalisées à cet effet. Les résultats obtenus montrent que quatre dimensions d’autonomie sont essentielles à atteindre en dialyse à domicile. Il s’agit de l’autonomie, sur le plan clinique, technique, fonctionnel (liberté journalière) et organisationnel (indépendance par rapport à l’institution de soins). Pour ces quatre types d’autonomie, les patients ont rapporté être hautement autonomes, un résultat qui se reflète dans les scores obtenus sur une échelle de 1 à 5 : l’autonomie clinique (4,1), l’autonomie technique (4,8), l’autonomie fonctionnelle (4,1) et l’autonomie organisationnelle (4,5). Chacun de ces types d’autonomie est associé à des degrés variables aux trois facteurs du modèle conceptuel : facteurs individuels (motivation et compétence), technologique (convivialité) et organisationnels (soutien clinique, technique et familial). Plus spécifiquement, la motivation serait associée à l’autonomie fonctionnelle. La convivialité serait associée à l’autonomie clinique, alors que la myopathie pourrait la compromettre. La convivialité de la technologie et la compétence du patient contribueraient à une meilleure autonomie organisationnelle. Quant à l’autonomie sur le plan technique, tous les patients ont rapporté être hautement autonomes en ce qui concerne la manipulation de la technologie. Ce résultat s’expliquerait par une formation adéquate mise à la disposition des patients en prédialyse, par le suivi continu et par la manipulation quotidienne pendant des années d’utilisation. Bien que dans cette thèse la technologie d’application soit la dialyse péritonéale, nous retenons que lorsqu’on transfère la maîtrise d’une technologie thérapeutique à domicile pour traiter une maladie chronique, il est primordial d’organiser ce transfert de telle façon que les trois facteurs techniques (convivialité), individuels (motivation, formation et compétence), et organisationnels (soutien de l’aidant) soient mis en place pour garantir une autonomie aux quatre niveaux, technique, clinique, fonctionnel et organisationnel. / Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a home-based therapy that purifies blood via a peritoneal membrane to treat patients with end-stage renal disease. It requires from the patient some aptitudes (competence and motivation) and from the caregivers a particular organization to foster patient autonomy. However, in the context of a home-based therapy, such as in peritoneal dialysis, autonomy is a poorly conceptualized entity and has not been specifically measured. The objective of this thesis was to identify the dimensions and the levels of the patient’s autonomy and the factors associated in the context of using peritoneal dialysis. On the basis of the Self-determination theory and a literature review, a conceptual framework was developed which assumed that three main factors could influence the autonomy: individual (motivation, competence), technological (user-friendliness), and organizational factors (different types of support). To test the assumptions supported by our framework, a mixed method design composed of two sequential phases was developed. A first qualitative phase - conducted through open-ended interviews with 12 patients and 11 nurses - was performed to explore and better define the dimensions of autonomy of the patients treated by peritoneal dialysis. The data obtained was used to enhance the development of a questionnaire, which was mailed during the second quantitative phase to a random sample of patients. This questionnaire was completed and returned by 98 patients from the population of Québec peritoneal dialysis users (N=700). The objective of this second phase was to assess the patients’ autonomy levels and to examine the relationship between the three factors (individual, technological and organizational) and the four dimensions of autonomy. Data were analysed using univariate statistics and multiple linear regression model. Our results show that four dimensions of autonomy are essential to achieve peritoneal dialysis at home : clinical autonomy (performing basic clinical tasks), technical (technical tasks), functional (daily freedom) and organizational autonomy (independence from the care centre). The patients gave higher rating for organizational autonomy (4,5 mean score on five-point Likert scale); 4,1 for clinical autonomy; 4,1 score for functional autonomy and 4,8 for technical autonomy. Each of these dimensions of autonomy was associated with one or more of three factors from the conceptual model : individual, technology and organizational factors. In some cases, the type of the peritoneal dialysis technology (manual or automated) contributed to some dimension of autonomy. More specifically, the motivation could facilitate functional autonomy. The technology user-friendliness might allow greater clinical autonomy, but a muscular disease could compromise it. The patient competence and the user-friendliness might contribute to the organizational autonomy. Finally, all the patients reported being highly autonomous on manipulating the technology. This result could be explained by adequate training during the predialysis period, continuous support and daily manipulation of the technology. Even though our results were obtained for the peritoneal dialysis application, we retain that when transferring the handling of a home therapy technology to treat a chronic disease, it is essential to coordinate the transfer so that the three factors, the user-friendliness, individual factors such as motivation and competence, and organizational factors (different types of support) are in place to ensure autonomy at the four levels, technical, clinical, functional and organizational. Santé publique Organisation des soins de santé Soins à domicile Technologies à domicile Autonomie Autonomie des patients Dialyse péritonéale Convivialité des technologies Méthodes de recherche mixtes Public health health care organization Home health care homecare technology Autonomy Patient autonomy Peritoneal dialysis User-friendliness Technology Mixed methods
14	Aspects méthodologiques, mesure et facteurs associés à l’autonomie des patients utilisant les technologies de dialyse péritonéale à domicile Moqadem, Khalil 03 1900 (has links) La dialyse péritonéale (DP) est une thérapie d’épuration extra-rénale qui peut se réaliser à domicile par l’entremise d’une technologie. Elle exige, du patient certaines aptitudes, (motivation et compétence) et de l’équipe de soins, une organisation particulière pour arriver à une autonomie d’exécution de l’épuration. Dans un contexte de thérapie à domicile, comme celui de la dialyse péritonéale, le niveau d’autonomie des patients ainsi que les facteurs qui y sont associés n’ont pas été examinés auparavant. C’est l’objet de cette thèse. En se fondant sur la théorie de l’autodétermination et sur une revue de la littérature, un cadre conceptuel a été développé et fait l’hypothèse que trois types de facteurs essentiels pourraient influencer l’autonomie. Il s’agit de facteurs individuels, technologiques et organisationnels. Pour tester ces hypothèses, un devis mixte séquentiel, composé de deux volets, a été réalisé. Un premier volet qualitatif - opérationnalisé par des entrevues auprès de 12 patients et de 11 infirmières - a permis, d’une part, d’explorer et de mieux définir les dimensions de l’autonomie pertinente dans le cadre de la DP; d’autre part de bonifier le développement d’un questionnaire. Après validation, ce dernier a servi à la collecte de données lors du deuxième volet quantitatif et alors a permis d’obtenir des résultats auprès d’un échantillon probabiliste (n =98), tiré de la population des dialysés péritonéaux du Québec (N=700). L’objectif de ce deuxième volet était de mesurer le degré d’autonomie des patients, d’examiner les associations entre les facteurs technologiques, organisationnels ainsi qu’individuels et les différentes dimensions de l’autonomie. Des analyses univariées et multivariées ont été réalisées à cet effet. Les résultats obtenus montrent que quatre dimensions d’autonomie sont essentielles à atteindre en dialyse à domicile. Il s’agit de l’autonomie, sur le plan clinique, technique, fonctionnel (liberté journalière) et organisationnel (indépendance par rapport à l’institution de soins). Pour ces quatre types d’autonomie, les patients ont rapporté être hautement autonomes, un résultat qui se reflète dans les scores obtenus sur une échelle de 1 à 5 : l’autonomie clinique (4,1), l’autonomie technique (4,8), l’autonomie fonctionnelle (4,1) et l’autonomie organisationnelle (4,5). Chacun de ces types d’autonomie est associé à des degrés variables aux trois facteurs du modèle conceptuel : facteurs individuels (motivation et compétence), technologique (convivialité) et organisationnels (soutien clinique, technique et familial). Plus spécifiquement, la motivation serait associée à l’autonomie fonctionnelle. La convivialité serait associée à l’autonomie clinique, alors que la myopathie pourrait la compromettre. La convivialité de la technologie et la compétence du patient contribueraient à une meilleure autonomie organisationnelle. Quant à l’autonomie sur le plan technique, tous les patients ont rapporté être hautement autonomes en ce qui concerne la manipulation de la technologie. Ce résultat s’expliquerait par une formation adéquate mise à la disposition des patients en prédialyse, par le suivi continu et par la manipulation quotidienne pendant des années d’utilisation. Bien que dans cette thèse la technologie d’application soit la dialyse péritonéale, nous retenons que lorsqu’on transfère la maîtrise d’une technologie thérapeutique à domicile pour traiter une maladie chronique, il est primordial d’organiser ce transfert de telle façon que les trois facteurs techniques (convivialité), individuels (motivation, formation et compétence), et organisationnels (soutien de l’aidant) soient mis en place pour garantir une autonomie aux quatre niveaux, technique, clinique, fonctionnel et organisationnel. / Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a home-based therapy that purifies blood via a peritoneal membrane to treat patients with end-stage renal disease. It requires from the patient some aptitudes (competence and motivation) and from the caregivers a particular organization to foster patient autonomy. However, in the context of a home-based therapy, such as in peritoneal dialysis, autonomy is a poorly conceptualized entity and has not been specifically measured. The objective of this thesis was to identify the dimensions and the levels of the patient’s autonomy and the factors associated in the context of using peritoneal dialysis. On the basis of the Self-determination theory and a literature review, a conceptual framework was developed which assumed that three main factors could influence the autonomy: individual (motivation, competence), technological (user-friendliness), and organizational factors (different types of support). To test the assumptions supported by our framework, a mixed method design composed of two sequential phases was developed. A first qualitative phase - conducted through open-ended interviews with 12 patients and 11 nurses - was performed to explore and better define the dimensions of autonomy of the patients treated by peritoneal dialysis. The data obtained was used to enhance the development of a questionnaire, which was mailed during the second quantitative phase to a random sample of patients. This questionnaire was completed and returned by 98 patients from the population of Québec peritoneal dialysis users (N=700). The objective of this second phase was to assess the patients’ autonomy levels and to examine the relationship between the three factors (individual, technological and organizational) and the four dimensions of autonomy. Data were analysed using univariate statistics and multiple linear regression model. Our results show that four dimensions of autonomy are essential to achieve peritoneal dialysis at home : clinical autonomy (performing basic clinical tasks), technical (technical tasks), functional (daily freedom) and organizational autonomy (independence from the care centre). The patients gave higher rating for organizational autonomy (4,5 mean score on five-point Likert scale); 4,1 for clinical autonomy; 4,1 score for functional autonomy and 4,8 for technical autonomy. Each of these dimensions of autonomy was associated with one or more of three factors from the conceptual model : individual, technology and organizational factors. In some cases, the type of the peritoneal dialysis technology (manual or automated) contributed to some dimension of autonomy. More specifically, the motivation could facilitate functional autonomy. The technology user-friendliness might allow greater clinical autonomy, but a muscular disease could compromise it. The patient competence and the user-friendliness might contribute to the organizational autonomy. Finally, all the patients reported being highly autonomous on manipulating the technology. This result could be explained by adequate training during the predialysis period, continuous support and daily manipulation of the technology. Even though our results were obtained for the peritoneal dialysis application, we retain that when transferring the handling of a home therapy technology to treat a chronic disease, it is essential to coordinate the transfer so that the three factors, the user-friendliness, individual factors such as motivation and competence, and organizational factors (different types of support) are in place to ensure autonomy at the four levels, technical, clinical, functional and organizational. Santé publique Organisation des soins de santé Soins à domicile Technologies à domicile Autonomie Autonomie des patients Dialyse péritonéale Convivialité des technologies Méthodes de recherche mixtes Public health health care organization Home health care homecare technology Autonomy Patient autonomy Peritoneal dialysis User-friendliness Technology Mixed methods
15	Disruptive Transformations in Health Care: Technological Innovation and the Acute Care General Hospital Lucas, D. Pulane 24 April 2013 (has links) Advances in medical technology have altered the need for certain types of surgery to be performed in traditional inpatient hospital settings. Less invasive surgical procedures allow a growing number of medical treatments to take place on an outpatient basis. Hospitals face growing competition from ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs). The competitive threats posed by ASCs are important, given that inpatient surgery has been the cornerstone of hospital services for over a century. Additional research is needed to understand how surgical volume shifts between and within acute care general hospitals (ACGHs) and ASCs. This study investigates how medical technology within the hospital industry is changing medical services delivery. The main purposes of this study are to (1) test Clayton M. Christensen’s theory of disruptive innovation in health care, and (2) examine the effects of disruptive innovation on appendectomy, cholecystectomy, and bariatric surgery (ACBS) utilization. Disruptive innovation theory contends that advanced technology combined with innovative business models—located outside of traditional product markets or delivery systems—will produce simplified, quality products and services at lower costs with broader accessibility. Consequently, new markets will emerge, and conventional industry leaders will experience a loss of market share to “non-traditional” new entrants into the marketplace. The underlying assumption of this work is that ASCs (innovative business models) have adopted laparoscopy (innovative technology) and their unification has initiated disruptive innovation within the hospital industry. The disruptive effects have spawned shifts in surgical volumes from open to laparoscopic procedures, from inpatient to ambulatory settings, and from hospitals to ASCs. The research hypothesizes that: (1) there will be larger increases in the percentage of laparoscopic ACBS performed than open ACBS procedures; (2) ambulatory ACBS will experience larger percent increases than inpatient ACBS procedures; and (3) ASCs will experience larger percent increases than ACGHs. The study tracks the utilization of open, laparoscopic, inpatient and ambulatory ACBS. The research questions that guide the inquiry are: 1. How has ACBS utilization changed over this time? 2. Do ACGHs and ASCs differ in the utilization of ACBS? 3. How do states differ in the utilization of ACBS? 4. Do study findings support disruptive innovation theory in the hospital industry? The quantitative study employs a panel design using hospital discharge data from 2004 and 2009. The unit of analysis is the facility. The sampling frame is comprised of ACGHs and ASCs in Florida and Wisconsin. The study employs exploratory and confirmatory data analysis. This work finds that disruptive innovation theory is an effective model for assessing the hospital industry. The model provides a useful framework for analyzing the interplay between ACGHs and ASCs. While study findings did not support the stated hypotheses, the impact of government interventions into the competitive marketplace supports the claims of disruptive innovation theory. Regulations that intervened in the hospital industry facilitated interactions between ASCs and ACGHs, reducing the number of ASCs performing ACBS and altering the trajectory of ACBS volume by shifting surgeries from ASCs to ACGHs. Disruptive Disruptive Innovation Theory Disruptive Transformations Disruptive Innovation Innovation Technology Technological Innovation Medical Innovation Medical Technology Medical Advancement Laparoscopy Laparoscopic Surgery open surgery appendectomy cholecystectomy bariatric surgery weight loss surgery appendectomies cholecystectomies inpatient outpatient ambulatory ambulatory surgery ambulatory surgery center acute care general hospital hospital acute care hospital general hospital health care healthcare hospital industry health care industry Clayton Christensen Clayton M Christensen Michael Porter Harvard Business School Virginia Commonwealth University CMS Health policy public policy public administration organizational theory organization theory Population Ecology Theory Competitive Strategy policy analysis John Kimberly Organization Size Structural Inertia liability of smallness health spending health care cost specialty medical facility open system niche width dynamic outpatient department technology shift surgical setting surgical setting shift medical facility shift substitution threat health system system level analysis Ecological Approach hospital trends ambulatory surgery trends reimbursement rate Medicare CMS coverage decision P J DiMaggio DiMaggio and Powell w w Powell Hannan and Freeman M T Hannan Organizational change minimally invasive surgery less invasive surgery Prospective Payment System Outpatient Prospective Payment System entreprenuerial physician health care organization health care management Roice Luke Carl Ameringer new technology surgical utilization elective surgery Medicare Payment Advisory Commission MedPAC coverage decision trends in surgery abdominal surgery surgical variation physician-owned physician ownership physician autonomy outpatient clinic utilization trends unnecessary surgery Pfeffer Salancik technology diffusion redefining health care interdisciplinary research health care delivery panel design diffusion of hospital technology state variation regional variation local health care market government intervention medical facility health care capacity focused factory advances in health care physician organization relationship hospital competition medical specialization hospital expansion medical arms race integrated care integrated health system J E Wennberg health care transformation reimbursement scheme surgical volume Florida Wisconsin policy making health policy analysis competitive dynamics center of excellence intervening factor service line competition service-line competition surgical reimbursement innovative business model innovative technology environmental influence established firm new market entrant patient safety sophisticated technology Harvard Divinity School Social and Behavioral Sciences

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