No description available.

Practice and law around informed consent in healthcare have undergone a revolution for the better over recent decades. However the way we obtain informed consent remains problematic and is imbued with irreducible but not ineliminable uncertainty. The reasons for this uncertainty are varied. The uncertainty is partly due to the conceptual opacity of important core concepts. The complexity of communication in clinical encounters is another. The role of autonomy, and the changing nature of the clinician patient relationship, have also contributed to this uncertainty remaining. This thesis is not a panacea for these difficulties. However there have been two quite profound revolutions in healthcare over the last decade or so, namely, the introduction of evidence-based medicine into clinical decision making, and the institutionalization of clinical governance and the application of quality improvement philosophy. I have examined ways in which these two “movements” can help in reducing some of the uncertainty in the practice of informed consent.

This study explores the phenomenon of dilemma in paediatric practice. Using a hermeneutic phenomenological method informed by the writings of Heidegger [1889-1976] and Gadamer [1900 -2002] this study provides an understanding of the meaning of ‘being in dilemma’ from the perspective of predominantly paediatric health care professionals but also families in New Zealand. Study participants include four families who had a child requiring health care and fifteen health care practitioners from the disciplines of medicine, nursing, physiotherapy, play specialist and occupational therapy who work with families and children requiring health care. Participants’ narratives of their experiences of ‘being in dilemma’ were captured via audio taped interviewing. These stories uncover the everyday realities facing health professionals and families and provide an ontological understanding for the notion of dilemma. The findings of this study suggest that experience of dilemma for health professionals reveals a world that is uncertain and questionable where they are thrown into having to make uncomfortable choices and must live with the painful consequences of their actions. The consequences of being in such dilemma have to find ways of living with the angst, or risk becoming too sensitive or desensitizing. For families the experience of dilemma reveals a similar phenomenon most evident in circumstances where they feel totalized by the impact of heath care encounters. This study has uncovered that the perspectives that health professionals and families bring to the experience of dilemma reveal different concerns and commitments and may be hidden from each other. This thesis proposes that health professionals and families need support in living with their own personal encounters of enduring experiences of dilemma.

This study explores the phenomenon of dilemma in paediatric practice. Using a hermeneutic phenomenological method informed by the writings of Heidegger [1889-1976] and Gadamer [1900 -2002] this study provides an understanding of the meaning of ‘being in dilemma’ from the perspective of predominantly paediatric health care professionals but also families in New Zealand. Study participants include four families who had a child requiring health care and fifteen health care practitioners from the disciplines of medicine, nursing, physiotherapy, play specialist and occupational therapy who work with families and children requiring health care. Participants’ narratives of their experiences of ‘being in dilemma’ were captured via audio taped interviewing. These stories uncover the everyday realities facing health professionals and families and provide an ontological understanding for the notion of dilemma. The findings of this study suggest that experience of dilemma for health professionals reveals a world that is uncertain and questionable where they are thrown into having to make uncomfortable choices and must live with the painful consequences of their actions. The consequences of being in such dilemma have to find ways of living with the angst, or risk becoming too sensitive or desensitizing. For families the experience of dilemma reveals a similar phenomenon most evident in circumstances where they feel totalized by the impact of heath care encounters. This study has uncovered that the perspectives that health professionals and families bring to the experience of dilemma reveal different concerns and commitments and may be hidden from each other. This thesis proposes that health professionals and families need support in living with their own personal encounters of enduring experiences of dilemma.

p. 1-133 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-29T20:30:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 44444444444.pdf: 634131 bytes, checksum: a3ac341e0d12e901c1b0141ce1ed0150 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-04T17:34:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 44444444444.pdf: 634131 bytes, checksum: a3ac341e0d12e901c1b0141ce1ed0150 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-04T17:34:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 44444444444.pdf: 634131 bytes, checksum: a3ac341e0d12e901c1b0141ce1ed0150 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Com a implantação do Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF), na década de 90, a discussão da mudança do modelo assistencial da saúde vem ganhando força. O PSF, entendido inicialmente como programa focalizado de atendimento para os pobres, incorpora os princípios e diretrizes da Vigilância da Saúde e assume o discurso de estratégia de mudança do modelo assistencial a partir da atenção básica, na construção do SUS. No entanto, as propostas de mudança do modelo assistencial enfrentam-se com o desafio que é o de mudar as práticas de saúde, o que implica a redefinição do objeto, dos meios de trabalho, das atividades, das relações técnicas e sociais, bem como das organizações e da sua cultura. Um dos pontos centrais trazidos pelo SUS e incorporado pelo PSF, para propor mudanças na saúde, foi apontar a saúde não apenas como ausência de doença, mas relacionada com as condições de vida e de trabalho, o que significa a redefinição do objeto da saúde. Contudo, este novo objeto não tem sido trabalhado, rotineiramente, pelo setor saúde. Tal situação parece se constituir em um dos nós críticos para a mudança da prática dos profissionais. Daí as questões de investigação: como delimitar este novo objeto? Que instrumentos têm os trabalhadores de saúde para lidar com ele? Procurando responder a essas questões foi realizado um estudo de caso, tendo como unidade de análise duas equipes de saúde da família de um município da Região Metropolitana de Salvador-Ba. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as práticas de saúde de Equipes de Saúde da Família (ESF) segundo o modo tecnológico da Vigilância da Saúde. O referencial teórico utilizado fundamentase na teoria do processo de trabalho em saúde. Foram realizadas entrevistas com trabalhadores de saúde de duas ESF, principais fontes de dados desta pesquisa. As evidências produzidas permitem afirmar que o objeto privilegiado das práticas das ESF investigadas tem sido as doenças e agravos à saúde. As ESF não estão tomando como objeto de suas práticas os problemas de saúde da população de acordo com as diretrizes e princípios da Vigilância da Saúde e da Estratégia de Saúde da Família, que considera os danos, os riscos e os determinantes relacionados ao processo saúde-doença. As evidências indicam, ainda, que apesar dos profissionais das equipes utilizarem alguns dos instrumentos previstos para apreender de forma ampliada os problemas de saúde, o fazem de forma incipiente usando, apenas, para apreender as doenças e agravos à saúde da população. PCom a implantação do Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF), na década de 90, a discussão da mudança do modelo assistencial da saúde vem ganhando força. O PSF, entendido inicialmente como programa focalizado de atendimento para os pobres, incorpora os princípios e diretrizes da Vigilância da Saúde e assume o discurso de estratégia de mudança do modelo assistencial a partir da atenção básica, na construção do SUS. No entanto, as propostas de mudança do modelo assistencial enfrentam-se com o desafio que é o de mudar as práticas de saúde, o que implica a redefinição do objeto, dos meios de trabalho, das atividades, das relações técnicas e sociais, bem como das organizações e da sua cultura. Um dos pontos centrais trazidos pelo SUS e incorporado pelo PSF, para propor mudanças na saúde, foi apontar a saúde não apenas como ausência de doença, mas relacionada com as condições de vida e de trabalho, o que significa a redefinição do objeto da saúde. Contudo, este novo objeto não tem sido trabalhado, rotineiramente, pelo setor saúde. Tal situação parece se constituir em um dos nós críticos para a mudança da prática dos profissionais. Daí as questões de investigação: como delimitar este novo objeto? Que instrumentos têm os trabalhadores de saúde para lidar com ele? Procurando responder a essas questões foi realizado um estudo de caso, tendo como unidade de análise duas equipes de saúde da família de um município da Região Metropolitana de Salvador-Ba. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as práticas de saúde de Equipes de Saúde da Família (ESF) segundo o modo tecnológico da Vigilância da Saúde. O referencial teórico utilizado fundamentasse na teoria do processo de trabalho em saúde. Foram realizadas entrevistas com trabalhadores de saúde de duas ESF, principais fontes de dados desta pesquisa. As evidências produzidas permitem afirmar que o objeto privilegiado das práticas das ESF investigadas tem sido as doenças e agravos à saúde. As ESF não estão tomando como objeto de suas práticas os problemas de saúde da população de acordo com as diretrizes e princípios da Vigilância da Saúde e da Estratégia de Saúde da Família, que considera os danos, os riscos e os determinantes relacionados ao processo saúde-doença. As evidências indicam, ainda, que apesar dos profissionais das equipes utilizarem alguns dos instrumentos previstos para apreender de forma ampliada os problemas de saúde, o fazem de forma incipiente usando, apenas, para apreender as doenças e agravos à saúde da população. / Salvador

Despite the availability of numerous models for knowledge translation into practice and policy, research uptake remains low in resource-limited countries. This study was aimed at developing a model to facilitate research uptake in healthcare practice and policy development. The study used a two-phase exploratory sequential approach (QUAL→QUAN). Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with a total of 21 participants, categorised as researchers (6), frontline workers/practitioners (7), programme/policy managers (4), and directors/senior managers (4) from government, private sector and academic institutions of higher learning (universities and colleges). Quantitative data were collected through an online cross-sectional survey, administered to 212 respondents who conducted research studies in the Mpumalanga Province between 2014 to 2019. The most significant findings seem to be lack of awareness of research findings and champions to lead engagements among research stakeholders on research uptake. In addition, the research has established a failure by researchers to align public health research projects to existing local contexts and available resources. Conversely, there is a growing propensity of using informal research without consideration of data quality issues. It was further observed that establishing and sustaining beneficial collaboration between all research stakeholders is required to promote effective research uptake for practice and policy development. The survey results established a total of 13 components: four individual factors (support, experience, motivation & time factor); four organisational factors (research agenda, funding, resources & partnerships), and five research characteristics factors (gatekeeping, local research committees, accessibility of evidence, quality of evidence & critical appraisal skills). However, the Spearman’s correlation coefficient revealed that of the 13 factors, only six factors had a significant positive correlation with research uptake, namely: support, experience, motivation, time factor, resources, and critical appraisal skills. Consequently, a model for institutionalising research uptake is proposed. The roles of local research committees have been clarified, and a logical framework has been incorporated with pathways and channels of engagements to enable successful implementation of the research uptake model. / Health Studies / Ph. D. (Public Health)

Psykisk ohälsa i arbetslivet är ett stort och växande problem i välfärdssamhället. Problemet har flera bottnar och väcker många frågor om vem som har ansvar, vad det egentligen är för ett slags fenomen och hur det bör hanteras. Den här studien undersöker hur arbetsrelaterad psykisk ohälsa hanteras av yrkesverksamma inom vården, med fokus på företagshälsovård och primärvård. Intresse riktas mot hur yrkesverksamma personerna resonerar kring arbetsrelaterad psykisk ohälsa, vilka dilemman de ställs inför och de strategier de har för att hantera dessa. Den söker också svar på ansvarsfrågan kring detta komplexa problem, inte minst i ljuset av privatiseringen av företagshälsovården. I studien används ett tvärvetenskapligt perspektiv, där begrepp från teknik- och vetenskapsstudier (STS), professionssociologi och organisationsteori kombineras för att analysera olika aspekter av vårdens hantering av arbetsrelaterad psykisk ohälsa. Det empiriska materialet bygger i huvudsak på intervjuer med läkare, psykoterapeuter, kuratorer, arbetsterapeuter, psykologer, rehabiliteringskoordinatorer och  beteendevetare, men inkluderar även observationer inom primärvård och företagshälsovård. Hanteringen av arbetsrelaterad psykisk ohälsa i vårdens vardag präglas av att orsaksbilden till problemet är komplext, ansvarsfördelningen otydlig och att psykosociala orsaker till sjukdom är kontroversiellt. I studien diskuteras utmaningarna och möjligheterna kring hanteringen av detta komplexa problem i bred bemärkelse. I analyserna uppmärksammas de yrkesverksammas gränsdragningar kring både ansvar och fenomenet arbetsrelaterad psykisk ohälsa. Begreppet kunskapsinfrastruktur används för att förklara och förstå den kunskapsmässiga och materiella struktur som de yrkesverksamma verkar inom. Analyserna visar att de yrkesverksamma har ett pragmatiskt förhållningssätt och använder olika strategier för att skapa sig handlingsutrymme i hur de hanterar arbetsrelaterad psykisk ohälsa. / Mental ill health in working life is a major and growing problem in the welfare society. The problem is multifaceted and raises many questions about who is responsible, what kind of phenomenon it is and how it should be managed. This study examines how care professionals manage work-related mental ill health. Focusing on occupational healthcare and primary care, interest is directed towards how care professionals argue about workrelated mental illness, what dilemmas they face and the strategies they rely on in managing them. It also seeks to answer the question of responsibility regarding this complex problem, not least in the light of the privatization of occupational healthcare. The study uses a multidisciplinary perspective, combining concepts from technology and science studies (STS), sociology of professions and organizational theory in order to analyze various aspects of care management of work-related mental ill health. The empirical material is mainly based on interviews with physicians, psychotherapists, counsellors, occupational therapists, psychologists, rehabilitation coordinators and behavioral scientists, but also includes observations in primary care and occupational health care. The management of work-related mental ill health in everyday healthcare practice is characterized by the fact that the cause of the problem is complex, the division of responsibility unclear and that psychosocial causes of disease are controversial. The study discusses the challenges and possibilities of managing this complex problem in a broad sense. The analysis pays attention to the drawing of boundaries by the care professionals regarding both responsibility and the phenomenon of work-related mental illness. The concept of knowledge infrastructure is used to explain and understand the knowledge and material structures that the care professionals work within. The analysis shows that the care professionals have a pragmatic approach and use different strategies to create scope for dealing with work-related mental health.