Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1991. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 261-278). Also available via the Internet

Using longitudinal data from the Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime and findings from qualitative interviews, it was found that the Children's Hearings system, in relation to young people referred on offending grounds, had no significant effect on the levels of self-reported offending in those referred to the Children's Hearings system, compared with a matched sample who had no contact with the system. In addition, no differences were found between a smaller matched sample who were placed on a Supervision Requirement and those with no contact with the system. The interventions provided within Supervision Requirements are argued to be ineffective and do not reflect the contemporary literature on effective practice. Interactions with the Children's Hearings system were not found to support labelling or deterrence theories. However, the gatekeeping practices of the police appeared to be biased and labelling in effect. The diversionary approach of the Children's Hearings system was supported through the finding that the majority of cohort members desisted from offending without requiring formal measures. It is argued that the functioning of the system could be improved by diverting more young people with offending behaviours prior to their referral to the Reporter (on the basis of their low risk and low levels of criminogenic needs). The small number of high risk offenders with high levels of criminogenic needs, who are unlikely to desist naturally, should receive structured interventions that reflect current findings in relation to effective practice.

Thesis (doctoral)--Philipp-Universität zu Marburg.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, August, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [162]-179).

Please read the abstract in the dissertation / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Mercantile Law / unrestricted

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / This paper examines four televised Congressional hearings: Kefauver, Army McCarthy, Watergate and Iran-Contra. These hearings were studied in order to determine the effects that television coverage of hearings have on: the public, the hearings and the political process. Each hearing was examined in its historical context. Specific sessions of the hearings were looked at in terms of their televised impact. Finally, an analysis of the effects of the coverage was made. The public was emotionally aroused by the television coverage of the hearings. Despite many critics opinions, there was no evidence from any of the hearings that significant shifts in public opinion came about as a result of watching the hearings on television. Emotions were aroused because television is an emotional medium. Given the environment in which the hearings were presented, it was not surprising that the emotional reaction of the public did not translate into shifting of opinions because the public did not view the "show" as real. The presence of the cameras affected the functioning of the hearings. The focus of the hearings shifts from determining legislative alternatives to informing (influencing) the public. Finally, the coverage affected the political process. Legislators taking part in the hearings gained national exposure and often moved on to higher elective offices. In the most negative view the hearings were perceived as no different than any other drama show. In a positive light, television coverage increased the exposure of a greater percentage of the public to the democratic process in action. / 2031-01-01

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4 pp. / Engaging with one's local government on sustainable development ideas can seem daunting. Understanding your local government's structure and public meeting protocol is key to any citizen's initiative to influence and bring about change to their community. Many examples of sustainability plans and policies developed by other communities across the country are available on the internet to help citizens create some action in their own neighborhood that fosters sustainable development.