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The study of racial differences in the consumption of alcohol and the prevalence of alcohol-related problems has clearly matured in recent years. Researchers have moved away from single-factor explanations and are beginning to develop and test theories focusing on the complex interplay of psychological, historical, cultural, and social factors that describe and explain alcohol use among racial and ethnic subgroups in the United States. The current study continues this maturation process by further examining the complex interaction effects of predictor variables that have established their utility in explaining racial/ethnic subgroup differences in alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems. This study analyzes data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a nationally representative sample of people 18 and older (n = 43,093), using OLS regression with the inclusion of interaction terms. The NESARC is a representative sample which provides ample coverage of the relevant subgroups (e.g. citizens and noncitizens). This study also looks at the impact of social and economic stressors on alcohol use.

Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti ir palyginti mokytojų ir mokinių (merginų ir vaikinų) požiūrį į vartojančius narkotikus ir/ar rizikingai vartojančius alkoholį paauglius. Tyrime dalyvavo 60 mokytojų (moterų) ir 120 mokinių (60 merginų ir 60 vaikinų) iš trijų mokyklų: dviejų Kauno miesto ir vienos Kauno rajono. Tyrime naudoti šie metodai: 1) požiūriui į narkotikus vartojančius asmenis įvertinti - Klausimynas apie visuomenės požiūrį į vartojančius narkotikus asmenis, sukurtas N. Singleton (2010); 2) požiūriui į rizikingai alkoholį vartojančius asmenis įvertinti - Klausimynas apie visuomenės požiūrį į vartojančius narkotikus asmenis modifikuotas į Klausimyną apie visuomenės požiūrį į rizikingai alkoholį vartojančius asmenis su darbo vadove doc. dr. I. Pilkauskiene. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad mokytojos pasisako už didesnę narkotikus vartojančių asmenų integraciją į visuomenę lyginant su vaikinais, o mokytojų ir merginų požiūris apie narkotikus vartojančių asmenų integraciją į visuomenę nesiskiria. Mokytojos ir mokiniai jaučia vienodą baimę vartojantiems narkotikus asmenims. Merginos labiau negu mokytojos priima narkotikus vartojančius asmenis, o mokytojų ir vaikinų požiūris į priėmimą narkotikus vartojančių asmenų atžvilgiu nesiskiria. Mokiniai labiau negu mokytojos užjaučia narkotikus vartojančius asmenis. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, mokytojų ir mokinių požiūrį į vartojančius rizikingai alkoholį asmenis: mokytojų ir mokinių požiūris į rizikingai alkoholį vartojančių asmenų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the study was to assess and compare the teachers and students (girls and boys) approach to drug users and/or heavy drinking among adolescents. There were 180 participants of the study - 60 teachers (female) and 120 students (60 girls and 60 boys) from three schools: two of Kaunas city and one of Kaunas district. The following methods were used in this study: 1) Public attitudes to drug users which was created by N. Singleton (2010); 2) Public attitudes to drug users questionnaire was modified to public attitudes to heavy drinkers with the scientific adviser doc. dr. I. Pilkauskiene. The results of the study showed that the teachers are advocating for a greater integration of people into society compared with boys, but the difference between teachers‘and girls‘attitude about drug users’ integration into society was not found. Teachers and adolescents feel the same fear of people with drug dependence. Girls more than the teachers accept drug users but the teachers and boys approach to acceptance of people with drug dependence was no different. Adolescents tend to feel more sympathy for people with drusg dependence than the teachers. Study results revealed the approach of teachers' and students' to heavy drinking persons: attitude of teachers and adolescents towards heavy drinkers’ integration into society was no different, but the girls more than the teachers feel sympathy for heavy drinking people, though between teachers and boys the difference was not found. The... [to full text]

Excessive alcohol consumption (EAC) is an important public health problem. Several researchers have examined work-related influences on EAC, but few have investigated the predictors of EAC related to business travel. This study measured the association between EAC and frequency of business travel, duration of business travel, and job industry among U.S. business travelers. Research was conducted within the social-ecological theoretical framework. Snowball sampling was used to gather data from 187 business travelers. Data were evaluated using bivariate analysis to assess the association between measures of EAC and each independent variable. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for covariates. Respondents aged 45-54 and 55 and older had significantly lower odds of binge drinking than those aged 18-34, OR = 0.33, 95% CI [.11, .98], p < .05; and OR = .13, 95% CI [.03, .55], p < .01, respectively. Females aged 55 and older and all females who traveled frequently in the previous month had lower odds of binge drinking compared to females 18-34 and infrequent female travelers (OR = .03, 95% CI [.00, .37], p < .01; OR = .34, 95% CI [.12, .99], p < .05, respectively). Both males (compared to females) and Protestants (compared to Catholics) had lower odds of heavy drinking (OR = .34, CI [.14,.84], P < .05; OR = .301, CI [.09,.99], P < .05, respectively). Results highlight the prevalence of EAC among business travelers, particularly among females. Multilevel interventions are proposed, which may reduce health-related disparities associated with EAC among this population of business travelers.

Evidence suggests that changes in alcohol consumption during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic were unevenly distributed over consumer groups. We investigated possible inter-country differences in how changes in alcohol consumption are contingent on initial consumption (before or at the start of the pandemic), and how changes in consumption translate into possible changes in the prevalence of heavy drinking. We used data from the European Survey on Alcohol use and COVID-19 (ESAC) conducted in Czechia, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Norway, Poland, Spain, and the UK (N = 31921). Past-year alcohol consumption and changes in consumption were measured by AUDIT-C. Drinking habits were compared according to percentiles of pre-pandemic consumption levels, below versus above the 90th percentile. Across countries, drinkers in the highest 10% for pre-pandemic consumption increased their drinking during the pandemic, whereas absolute changes among those initially drinking below this level were modest. The percentage of people reporting >28 alcohol units/week increased significantly in seven of eight countries. During the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, alcohol consumption in the upper decile of the drinkers increased as did the prevalence of heavy drinkers, in contrast with a declining consumption in other groups in the sample.

Alcohol use disorders (AUDs), and alcohol dependence (AD) in particular, are prevalent and associated with a large burden of disability and mortality. The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence of AD in the European Union (EU), Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland for the year 2010, and to investigate potential influencing factors. The 1-year prevalence of AD in the EU was estimated at 3.4% among people 18–64 years of age in Europe (women 1.7%, men 5.2%), resulting in close to 11 million affected people. Taking into account all people of all ages, AD, abuse and harmful use resulted in an estimate of 23 million affected people. Prevalence of AD varied widely between European countries, and was significantly impacted by drinking cultures and social norms. Correlations with level of drinking and other drinking variables and with major known outcomes of heavy drinking, such as liver cirrhosis or injury, were moderate. These results suggest a need to rethink the definition of AUDs.