Wuthering Heights is a composite of opposites. Its two houses, its two families, its two generations, its two planes of existence are held in place by Emily Bronte's careful manipulation of repetitive, yet differentiated, symbols associated with each of these pairs. Using symbols to develop her polarities and to unify them along the imaginatively rendered horizontal axis connecting Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange, the vertical axis connecting the novel's several "heavens" and "hells," and the third dimensional axis connecting the spiritual and corporeal worlds, Emily Bronte gives the divided world of Wuthering Heights an almost perfect symmetry. This study divides the more than seven hundred symbols into physical and nonphysical. The physical symbols are subdivided into setting, animal life, plant life, people, celestial objects, and miscellaneous objects. The fewer nonphysical symbols are grouped under movement, light, time, emotions, concepts, and miscellaneous terms. Verticality and thresholds, the two most important symbolic motifs, are drawn from both physical and nonphysical symbols.

In La Migration des coeurs, Maryse Condé rewrites Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights in a Caribbean context. Through its intertextual connection to Brontë's novel, Condé's text can be read in relation to Wuthering Heights according to the rhizomatic structure posited by Deleuze and Guattari, and further employed by Édouard Glissant in his Poétique de la Relation. The rhizome allows a comparison that resists a hierarchical comparison of the texts, and permits dialog and mutual influence between the two novels. Condé's critics, reinforcing this intertextual relation, have rarely considered La Migration des coeurs independently of Brontë's Wuthering Heights. However Windward Heights, Richard Philcox's English translation of Condé's novel, has not been previously considered worthy of a place in the rhizome. As a rewriting of Condé's own rewriting, Philcox's translation merits analysis in relation to the other two novels. This study will examine the nature of translation and rewriting in a postcolonial context. Primarily focusing on La Migration des coeurs, it will show how Condé uses the latent imperialist frame of Wuthering Heights to expose social inequalities in Guadeloupe, and how Philcox communicates this critique back to the English metropolis in Windward Heights.

Wuthering Heights was significantly shaped by the pre-Darwinian scientific debate in ways that look ahead to Darwin's evolutionary theory more than a decade later. Wuthering Heights represents a cultural response to new and disturbing ideas. Darwin's enterprise was scientific; Emily Brontë's poetic. Both, however, were seeking to find ways to express their vision of the nature of human beings. The language and metaphors of Wuthering Heights suggest that Emily Brontë's vision was, in many ways, similar to Darwin's.

A modern interpretation of Wuthering Heights suggests that an unconscious incest taboo impeded Catherine and her foster brother, Heathcliff, from achieving normal sexual union and led them to seek union after death. Insights from anthropology, psychology, and sociology provide a key to many of the subtleties of the novel by broadening our perspectives on the causes of incest, its manifestations, and its consequences. Anthropology links the incest taboo to primitive systems of totemism and rules of exogamy, under which the two lovers' marriage would have been disallowed because they are members of the same clan. Psychological studies provide insight into Heathcliff and Catherine's abnormal relationship—emotionally passionate but sexually dispassionate—and their even more bizarre behavior—sadistic, necrophilic, and vampiristic—all of which can be linked to incest. The psychological manifestations merge with the moral consequences in Bronte's inverted image of paradise; as in Milton's Paradise, incest is both a metaphor for evil and a symbol of pre-Lapsarian innocence. The psychological and moral consequences of incest in the first generation carry over into the second generation, resulting in a complex doubling of characters, names, situations, narration, and time sequences that is characteristic of the self-enclosed, circular nature of incest. An examination of Emily Bronte's family background demonstrates that she was sociologically and psychologically predisposed to write a story with an underlying incest motif.

Master of Landscape Architecture / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Lee R. Skabelund / Since the mid-1960s a paradigm shift in environmental values has been initiated in Europe, parts of the United States, and many other parts of the world, culminating in a focus on green infrastructure based development (Ahern et al., 2007b). During the 1980s and 1990s sustainability and landscape ecology began to be important aspects of landscape architecture education and practice (Swaffield, 2002; Ahern, 2005). The effort to create sustainable cities, neighborhoods, and sites is making a difference in urban areas, which is very important since global census data shows that a majority of the earth’s population now lives in urban settlements (United Nations, 2014). Personal and cultural values reveal an environmental consciousness and strong interest in sustainability in many communities (Peiser & Hamilton, 2012). Nevertheless, many developments associated with landscape construction seem to implement few, if any, sustainable practices as new neighborhoods in many parts of the U.S. are developed. This study develops a modified ecological approach and applies this outlook to an existing exurban neighborhood in Manhattan, Kansas. Quantitative and qualitative research includes: 1) a review of relevant literature and precedent studies; 2) a multi-tiered site analysis informed by landscape ecology principles; and 3) surveys of local homeowners regarding landscape maintenance practices and their willingness to install more ecologically appropriate landscapes. It is anticipated that sustainable design considerations for Lee Mill Heights and nearby areas will emerge to inform future neighborhood retrofits, helping move existing subdivisions towards more ecologically appropriate patterns and processes.

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This essay is an analysis of Emily Brontë’s novel “Wuthering Heights” and revolves mainly around the love between the two main characters, Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff, and how they express this love, either through words or through actions. Paradoxes concerning their love and paradoxes concerning the narration of the novel are of interest as well. The analysis employs Genette’s theories and terminology in the narrative analysis. The essay first discusses the effect of the narrative levels and paradoxes that can be found concerning these narratives and then investigates some events in “Wuthering Heights” that are linked to the two main characters’ love for one another. The events are analyzed in chronological order and discuss the paradoxes found in those events. The essay concludes by giving a short summary of the way Catherine and Heathcliff expresses their love for one another and the paradoxes found concerning this love. The narration is of importance since its complex structure allows for the entire novel to be read as one paradox. Disregarding the narration, the paradoxes found are many. The paradoxical love of Catherine and Heathcliff concern their love for one another in the sense that Catherine chooses to marry Edgar instead of Heathcliff and that she claims that Heathcliff killed her. They concern the way the act upon their love for one another in the sense that Catherine was double natured. The most prominent paradox, however, is the one concerning Catherine’s statement that she is Heathcliff. It is the most prominent because it is referred to throughout the novel in different ways.

¡@The ocean ambient noise of coast is mainly influenced by sea waves, boats or ships, or human¡¦s coast activities. Among them, most of the ambient noise is from the breaking wave noise caused by wind, and its frequency range is quite wide (0.5~50 kHz). The breaking wave noise mechanism of surf zone is very complex, and has a variety of signal features. In this research, the location is at the Sizih Bay near Kaohsiung Harbor. Hydrophone was used to collect the noise and the wave motion process of surf zone was recorded simultaneously with a digital video camera. It was shown from the experiment results, as the wave evolved in the surf zone, it would eventually become unstable and collapsed, so a large amount of air would be trapped in water and forming bubble clouds. The oscillating bubble cloud from breaking wave would generate high frequency sound. The results also indicated that when breaking wave reached the location hydrophone, a wide band pulse sound was generated with a level as high as 120 dB. In the analysis of each frequency (1k, 2k, 3k, 4k, 5k Hz), due to the oscillating effects air bubbles after breaking wave, the noise level at 2~5k Hz were higher as compared to that without breaking wave passing the hydrophone. The last result was also validated by the time integral of the noise energy through out the wave evolution. In addition to the process of breaking waves and residual air bubbles under breaking waves contributing to the breaking wave source, for example discussed in the study breaking wave¡¦s period and breaking wave height, the results from these two studies found, when the longer the breaking wave period , the breaking wave SPL will be bigger with the longer the breaking wave period. And in the breaking wave height, when the breaking wave height much higher, breaking wave SPL will be much bigger too. And learned from these two conclusions , breaking wave periods and height will make the breaking waves source level caused by changes.

In recent years accidents caused by falling from heights has increased. Typical risc group, operators, construction worker usually fall from machines scaffoldings and roofs. The Flex-lift concept could increase the safety during work on heights as well provide the operator a more correct work position. Given the equipment that could fulfill its purpose, the user might not take the easiest short cut, and expose themself into any danger. The concept provides the operator with a flexibility to place and adjust it for its purpose, the opportunity to add docks and the concept can work as a modular system, controlled by a remote control.

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