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Let X be an Atkin-Lehner quotient of the modular curve X_0(N) whose Jacobian J_f is a simple quotient of J_0(N)^{new} over Q. We give analytic methods for determining the rational points of X using quadratic Chabauty by explicitly computing two p-adic Gross--Zagier formulas for the newform f of level N and weight 2 associated with J_f when f has analytic rank 1. Combining results of Gross-Zagier and Waldspurger, one knows that for certain imaginary quadratic fields K, there exists a Heegner divisor in J_0(N)(K) whose image is finite index in J_f(Q) under the action of Hecke. We give an algorithm to compute the special value of the anticyclotomic p-adic L-function of f constructed by Bertolini, Darmon, and Prasanna, assuming some hypotheses on the prime p and on K. This value is proportional to the logarithm of the Heegner divisor on J_f with respect to the differential form f dq/q. We also compute the p-adic height of the Heegner divisor on J_f using a p-adic Gross-Zagier formula of Perrin-Riou. Additionally, we give algorithms for the geometric quadratic Chabauty method of Edixhoven and Lido. Our algorithms describe how to translate their algebro-geometric method into calculations involving Coleman-Gross heights, logarithms, and divisor arithmetic. We achieve this by leveraging a map from the Poincaré biextension to the trivial biextension.

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In my thesis essay I have researched the impact of water management on the outcome of peace negotiation and treaty in the case of Israel and Syria. My research question was “How should the water resources of the Golan Heights be addressed in a coming peace treaty between Israel and Syria for this treaty to be sustainable?”. I emanated from the theory advocated by researchers Ohlsson, Homer-Dixon and Gleick, arguing that the detailed incorporation of water management in negotiations as well as in a final peace treaty between countries is crucial for these to be sustainable. I used this theory in analysing the extended data related to the two countries’ water resources and water policies, as well as two previous rounds of negotiation. I came to the conclusion that for any future negotiation to lead to a sustainable peace agreement between the two countries, it is crucial for them to establish very detailed stipulations on the shared water resources. Both Israel and Syria are in great need of accessing and controlling water resources, however Israel is much more dependent than Syria on the waters of the Golan Heights. When an internationally recognized borderline between the countries in the future will be established, it will by default be situated on or closely connected to vital water resources. Therefore the water management, including use of and withdrawal from these resources needs to be clearly regulated, otherwise conflict might rise again between the two countries. If water management would be included in the peace treaty in as thoroughly manner as the theorists suggests, this would enable the treaty to become sustainable, as well as make feasible the resolution of related conflicting matters.

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Thesis (PhD (Civil Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 1989. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Several aspects related to the estimation and selection of design wave conditions were investigated. An analysis program which includes strict quality control routines was developed for digital Waverider data. All available Waverider data from deepsea records were analysed with this program. A remarkable similarity in simultaneously recorded wave heights between Cape Town and Port Elizabeth was found. This similarity was used to compile a near continuous wave record over an eight year period for the Southern Cape coast. The 10537 values of significant wave height (Hmo) which made up the record for the Southern Cape were found to give a good visual fit to the Extreme I and Log-normal distributions over the entire range of Hmo values. Design wave heights derived from the Extreme I distribution were found to be insensitive to assumptions regarding the independence and identical distribution of the wave height samples and the method used for parameter estimation. Design wave heights for the coastline between Oranjemund and Port Elizabeth were found to be strongly correlated to the latitude of the recording site. High waves along these coasts are invariably caused by the passage of cold fronts past the southern tip of the continent. Wave heights reduce as the distance from the west to east route of these cold fronts increase, thus the reason for the abovementioned correlation. No deepwater wave records are available east of Port Elizabeth. Shallow water records indicate that a reduction in wave height can be expected between Port Elizabeth and East London.

O objetivo desta dissertação é apresentar uma proposta de tradução para as falas das personagens que usam o dialeto de Yorkshire no romance Wuthering Heights. O romance, publicado pela primeira vez na Inglaterra em 1847, já teve nove traduções diferentes no Brasil, bem como diversas reimpressões; e a existência desta proposta se deve ao fato de todas as traduções deixarem de lado a questão dialetal e apresentarem a fala dessas personagens dentro da norma culta da língua portuguesa. Consideramos que é necessário manter nas traduções em português a heterogeneidade existente no original inglês, pois essa é uma característica importante que não deve ser ignorada, principalmente depois que estudos lingüísticos e sociolingüísticos mostraram que dialetos não são formas inferiores de uma língua \"padrão\", correta. Levando em consideração as diferenças lingüísticas existentes entre a Inglaterra e o Brasil, e tendo por base estudos dialetológicos e o uso de elementos da oralidade para a criação das falas, a proposta de tradução pretende mostrar ao leitor brasileiro o fato de algumas personagens do romance não usarem o inglês standard ao falar, bem como uma análise sobre o papel desempenhado pelo uso do dialeto em diferentes momentos da narrativa. / The main purpose of this dissertation is to propose a translation for the speech of the characters that speak Yorkshire dialect in the novel Wuthering Heights. This novel, published for the first time in England in 1847, has already been translated nine times into Brazilian Portuguese; besides, these translations have also been reissued here. This dissertation has as its basis the fact that in all nine Brazilian translations the Yorkshire dialect has been rendered into standard Portuguese. We consider that it is necessary to keep in Portuguese the linguistic diversity found in the original text, since it is a very important characteristic of the novel that cannot be ignored, most of all because linguistic and sociolinguistic studies have shown that dialects are not \"inferior\" forms of a \"standard\", correct, language. Taking into consideration the linguistic differences that exist between English and Brazilian Portuguese, and having as basis dialectological studies and the use of elements of oral language to create the speech of the characters in Portuguese, this work intends to show to Brazilian readers the fact that some characters in the novel do not speak standard English, as well as an analysis about the role played by the use of dialect in different moments of the novel.

The aim of this thesis was to investigate contrasting pasture management strategies on the foraging behaviour, pasture production, carcass characteristics, herbage intake, faecal gas emissions and methane emission by sheep grazing Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) pastures. The experiment was carried out in 2014 and 2015. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates and two grazing strategy treatments (traditional rotational stocking method – RT meaning pre- and post-grazing target heights of 25 and 5 cm, respectively and, “rotatinuous stocking” – RN with pre- and post-grazing target heights of 18 and 11 cm, respectively). The grazing management was based on a 1-day strip-grazing regime. Male castrated sheep were used. The actual average sward heights for the RN treatment were 17.9 and 11.1 cm (pre- and post-grazing, respectively) and 27.1 and 7.8 cm for the RT (pre- and post-grazing, respectively). The stocking period in 2014 was 146 and 140 days (RN and RT, respectively) and in 2015 it was 155 and 146 days (RN and RT, respectively). The diurnal animal activities (grazing, ruminating and resting time) did not differ between treatments, with average of 439.6, 166.9 and 85.0 minutes, respectively. The bite rate, feeding station per min and steps per min were greater at the RN than the RT treatment. Grazing time and bite rate were greater in the afternoon than morning in both treatments. Therefore, the daily herbage intake by sheep grazing Italian ryegrass was greater for the RN than the RT treatment (CHAPTER II). The herbage production in the RN was 28% higher than the RT treatment. Individual average daily gain and live weight gain per hectare were greater in the RN than the RT treatment (CHAPTER III). RN treatment presented greater final live weight, carcass and commercial cut weights from grazing sheep than RT treatment (CHAPTER IV). RN treatment had a faecal chemical quality greater than RT treatment, resulting in a greater daily nitrogen excretion per animal and greater faecal CH4 and N2O emissions (CHAPTER VI). The “rotatinuous stocking” (RN) was the better grazing management strategy for mitigation of CH4 emissions by sheep grazing Italian ryegrass, emitting 64% less CH4 per unit area and 170% less CH4 per unit of animal product than the traditional rotational stocking method (RT) (CHAPTER V).