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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
111

Metilação global genômica relacionada à resistência parasitária em bovinos

Gonçalves, Juliana Alencar January 2020 (has links)
Orientador: Ricardo Velludo Gomes de Soutello / Resumo: O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar um rebanho de 72 novilhas ½ Angus x ½ Nelore, identificando os animais resistentes, resilientes esuscetíveis a endo e ectoparasitas, correlacionando a metilação global do DNA desses animais e o grau de parasitismo, que foi avaliado a partir da contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG), moscas-dos-chifres e carrapatos. Essas contagens foram submetidas a análise de variância (ANOVA) para agrupamento em resistentes, resilientes e suscetíveis pelo teste Scott-Knott (p<0,05) noprograma SISVAR e agrupamento hierárquico no programa GENEs. O conteúdo de metilação foi analisado a partir do DNA extraído do sangue das novilhas, por meio dekit de metilação, e a quantificação feita por leitora de microplacas. Os valores absolutos médios de absorbância dos três grupos foram submetidos à ANOVA e análises pelo Tukey (p<0,05). Observou-se 36,11% de animais resistentes, 52,78% resilientese 11,11% suscetíveisa infecção por helmintos gastrintestinais, com contagens de 86, 392 e 1087 OPG, e 0,238, 0,225 e 0,197 do DNA metilado, respectivamente. Para a infestação por carrapatos, 26,39% dos animais foram classificados como resistentes, 59,72% resilientes e 13,98% suscetíveis, com contagensde 3, 8 e 19 carrapatos e 0,295, 0,216 e 0,151 do DNA metilado, respectivamente. E para a infestação por mosca-dos-chifres observou-se 54,17% de novilhas resistentes e 45,83% suscetíveis, com contagensde 17 e 32 moscas e 0,245 e 0,205 do DNA metilado, respectivamente. Na cla... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of the work was to characterize a herd of 72 heifers ½ Angus x ½ Nellore, identifying the resistant, resilient and susceptible animals to endo and ectoparasites, correlating the overall DNA methylation of these animals and the degree of parasitism, which was evaluated from the egg count per gram of feces, horn flies and ticks.These counts were submitted to analysis of variance ANOVA for grouping in resistant, resilient and susceptible by the Scott-Knott test (p <0.05) in SISVAR and hierarchical grouping in the GENEs program. The methylation content was analyzed from the DNA extracted from the blood of the heifers, using a methylation kit and quantification by a microplate reader. The mean absolute values of absorbance of the three groups were submitted to ANOVA and analysis by Tukey (p <0.05). There were 36.11% of resistant animals, 52.78% resilient and 11.11% susceptible to gastrointestinal helminth infection, with counts of 86, 392 and 1087 OPG, and 0.238, 0.225 and 0.197 of methylated DNA, respectively. For tick infestation, 26.39% of the animals were classified as resistant, 59.72% resilient and 13.98% susceptible, with counts of 3, 8 and 19 ticks and 0.295, 0.216 and 0.151 of methylated DNA, respectively. And for the horn fly infestation, 54.17% of resistant and 45.83% susceptible heifers were observed, with counts of 17 and 32 flies and 0.245 and 0.205 of methylated DNA, respectively. In the second classification, 33.33% of the animals were classified as r... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
112

Vliv tkáňových helmintů na rozvoj nádorových onemocnění v modelových organismech / Influence of tissue helminths on the development of cancers in model organisms

Schreiber, Manfred January 2020 (has links)
Mesocestoides corti and Taenia crassiceps are tapeworms, larvae of which are characterized by their ability to reproduce asexually. In this work, the effect of infection by M. corti and T. crassiceps in BALB/c, C57BL/6J and ICR mice on the growth and metastasis of B16F10 melanoma tumors was investigated. Although an increase in metastatic activities was observed after intravenous administration of melanoma cells to M. corti-infected mice, both tapeworms showed a strong suppressive effect on the size and number of tumors and metastases formed when the cells were administered intraperitoneally. This, in some cases, led to a complete elimination of tumor cells. In vitro cultivation of B16F10 cells in the presence of larval excretory-secretory products led to a decrease in their viability but an increase in their migration ability. Flow cytometry proved that M. corti infection has an effect on the increased number and proportion of macrophage populations in the peritoneum of ICR mice. Our work confirmed the anti-tumor effect of T. crassiceps infection in mice and introduced M. corti as a new helminth species capable of influencing cancer. Key words: helminths, cestodes, cancers, Mesocestoides corti, Taenia crassiceps
113

Identification And Characterization Of Long Non-Coding Rnas During Parasite Development

Kim, Hyung Chul 23 May 2022 (has links)
No description available.
114

Contributions to the study on helminth fauna of Dillon Beach

Gale, Francis C. 01 January 1947 (has links)
Studies on trematodes of marine organisms of the Pacific Coast have been of a scattered and fragmentary nature. J. Stafford (1904) collected and described a number of trematodes from fishes of the north Pacific, but, in his historical survey, Manter (1926) fails to mention specifically any studies covering the waters south of Canada. More recently, in the United States, several contributions to the field have been made by Dr. John E. Guberlet at the University of Washington and at the College of the Pacific by Dr. Alden Noble, under whose guidance this study was made. James Park (1937) revised the genus Podocotyle and added eight new species .from Dillon Beach, California. Descriptions of individual trematodes have been made by various other investigators. The investigation covered by this paper was begun during the summer or 1946 at the Pacific Marine Station.
115

Examining the Co-Infection Effects of Helminths and Malaria in an Indonesian Community

Rodríguez-Sánchez, Andrea 01 July 2021 (has links)
Malaria is one of the most prevalent vector-borne infectious diseases with major morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Recent epidemiological studies have shown that co-occurrence of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections, or infection caused by parasitic worms, are associated with increased risk of malaria infection. However, studies of the association between STH and malaria, and the effect of antihelminth (deworming) treatments that are more commonly used in areas with high STH infection rates, are sparse. Therefore, we explored the relationship between STH and malaria infection in an Indonesian community (N=1997) with high prevalence of both STH and malaria while controlling for covariates and evaluating the role of deworming treatment as a covariate. Participants with STH infection and/or malaria infection were categorized as either infected or uninfected using PCR testing (cycle threshold count) at both baseline and end of study. Self-report, blood, and stool samples were used to assess overall STH and malaria infection from September 2008 to July 2010. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the impact of STH infection on malaria outcomes. To quantify these associations, robust Poisson regression models were used to assess the impact of baseline infections including STH infection on malaria while adjusting for age, sex, and the use of deworming treatment. Approximately 39.5% and 19.1% of all participants were infected with Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum, respectively, at the start, while 18.0% and 9.96%, respectively, were infected at the end. A positive association was observed between Ascaris lumbricoides and P. vivax, and between Necator americanus and P. falciparum (PR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.53 to 2.04; PR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.00 to 4.29, respectively). While a negative association was observed between N. americanus and P. vivax, and between A. lumbricoides and P. falciparum (PR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.44 to 1.89; PR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.27 to 1.65, respectively). Overall, two of these models were significant (p = 0.062; p = 0.008; p = 0.030; p = 0.062, respectively). Similarly, there was a positive association observed between the use of albendazole treatment and STH and malaria outcomes.
116

Some hemiurid trematodes of marine fishes of California

Nahhas, Fuad Michael 01 January 1960 (has links) (PDF)
The following seven species of hemiurid trematodes, some with new host records, are reported in this study: Dissosaccus laevis, Genolinea laticauda, Lecithaster salmonis, Parahemiurus merus, Sterrhurus exodicus, Sterrhurus monticelli and Tubulovesicula lindbergi. Dissosaocus laeyis and Sterrhurus monticelli are reported for the first time from the West Coast of North America. Genolinea oncorhynohi Adams and Margolis 1958 is placed in synonymy with Genolinea laticauda Manter 1925. Keys for Genolinea and Tubulovesicula species, modified from Manter (1954) are included. Two tables, one summarizing the hemiurids reported from the West Coast of North America, the other a summary of hemiurids from Monterey Bay, California, encountered in this study, are also included.
117

Avaliação sanitária de águas residuárias provenientes de lagoas de estabilização para irrigação de culturas agrícolas no estado de São Paulo / Sanitary evaluation of wastewater from stabilization ponds for agricultural irrigation at Säo Paulo state

Maria Tereza Pepe Razzolini 01 December 2003 (has links)
Em decorrência da escassez de água e para melhor aproveitamento de recursos hídricos considera-se o reúso de águas residuárias como alternativa de oferta desses recursos na irrigação de culturas agrícolas e outras atividades. No entanto, o reúso de águas requer cuidados específicos pois muitos agentes de doenças são veiculados pela água. No caso da irrigação agrícola o controle da qualidade microbiológica e parasitológica de águas de reúso é de fundamental importância para assegurar níveis de qualidade satisfatórios, minimizando assim riscos à saúde pública. Objetivo. Estudar a viabilidade da utilização dos esgotos sanitários tratados pelo sistema de lagoas de estabilização do município de Lins (SP) na irrigação de áreas agrícolas, sob o ponto de vista sanitário. A avaliação da qualidade microbiológica e parasitológica dos esgotos tratados foi segundo as recomendações da OMS (1989) para águas de reúso na agricultura; a verificação da presença de cepas de E. coli potencialmente patogênicas, mediante sorologia e ensaios de amplificação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR); pesquisar a presença de Salmonella; investigar a presença e viabilidade de ovos de helmintos; quantificação de colifagos e avaliação da eficiência da desinfecção dos esgotos com hipoclorito de sódio e ozônio. Métodos. A determinação de coliformes totais e E. coli efetuou-se mediante uso do kit Colilert (Iddex) e a pesquisa de cepas de E. coli potencialmente patogênicas por meio de teste sorológico e PCR. O isolamento de Salmonella, quantificação de colifagos e determinação de ovos de helmintos foi efetuado segundo Normas Cetesb e Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (20th ed. 2000) e a viabilidade dos ovos de helmintos de acordo com Yanko (1988). Resultados. A concentração de E.coli nas amostras de esgoto sanitário tratado revelou densidade acima dos níveis recomendados pela OMS para irrigação irrestrita e restrita. Foram detectados ovos de Ascaris e Salmonella. A densidade de colifagos situou-se entre 6,0x102 a 8,5x104 UFP/100ml não sendo considerada elevada nas amostras analisadas. Nas amostras de esgoto tratado submetidas à desinfecção com hipoclorito de sódio observou-se variação na densidade de coliformes totais e E coli, dependendo da dosagem e tempo de contato aplicados. Os melhores níveis de remoção dessas bactérias ocorreu na faixa de 8,6 a 15 mg/L de hipoclorito de sódio e tempo de contato de 30 minutos. Quando da aplicação de ozônio não se verificou eficiência satisfatória na remoção de coliformes totais e E coli. Em relação à eliminação de ovos de helmintos não se observou eliminação após a aplicação de ambos os agentes desinfectantes. A remoção de colifagos após desinfecção com hipoclorito de sódio foi de O a 2 logs dependendo da dose e tempos de contato aplicados e após desinfecção com ozônio a remoção desses organismos ficou entre O e 1 log. Conclusão. Os esgotos sanitários tratados não apresentaram qualidade microbiológica e parasitológica satisfatória para irrigação irrestrita (categoria A) e restrita (categoria B) conforme valores-guia da OMS. Nas condições da pesquisa realizada, os desinfectantes utilizados não resultaram em remoção efetiva de microrganismos indicadores, não atendendo às recomendações da OMS. Detectou-se Samonella nas amostras de esgoto tratado analisadas e densidade de colifagos em níveis compatíveis com os registros da literatura, 10 3 a 10 4 UFP/1 OOmL. Não se observou a ocorrência de E coli O157 nas amostras de esgotos tratados analisadas. Portanto, conclui-se que os esgotos tratados procedentes da Estação de Tratamento de Esgotos utilizado na cidade de Lins (SP) não devem ser utilizados na irrigação de cultivos enquadrados na categoria A (irrigação irrestrita) e categoria B (irrigação restrita) estabelecidas pela OMS (1989) como medida de proteção à saúde de grupos expostos a essas águas. / Due the water scarcity and the necessity to improve of hydric systems management the reuse appears as an altemative to agricultural irrigation and other activities. However, wastewater reuse demands special attention because there are many diseases transmitted by contaminated waters. This concern shows the importance of the satisfactory sanitary quality to protect public health. Objective. Studying the viability of treated wastewater by stabilization ponds located in Lins (SP) to reuse in agricultural in relation to WHO recommendations (1989), presence of E.coli O157 through out sorological reaction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Salmonella detection, presence and viability of helminthes eggs, quantification of coliphages and efficiency of disinfection using sodium hypochlorite and ozone. Methods. The enumeration of total coliform and E. coli, Salmonella isolation, coliphages density and helminthes eggs determination were carried out according to Cetesb guidelines and Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (20th ed., 2000). The viability of helminthes eggs was determined according Yanko(1988). Results. E. coli concentration in treated wastewater samples revealed values higher than WHO guidelines (1989) to irrestricted (category A) and restricted (category B) irrigation, Ascaris eggs were detected as well as Salmonella . The coliphages density, 6,0x102 to 8,5x104 UFP/100mL , was not high in the analyzed samples. There was variation in the concentration of total coliform and E. coli in treated wastewater disinfected with sodium hypochlorite depending of dosis and contact time employed. The best results were observed in the range between 8,6 - 15 mg/L of sodium hypochlorite at 30 minutes of contact time. When the ozone was used the results obtained did not reveal satisfactory efficiency in total coliform and E. coli reduction. In relation to helminthes eggs elimination the disinfectant agents used were not efficient. The coliphages reduction using sodium hypochlorite was between O - 2 logs units depending of dosis and contact time employed, after ozone disinfection the reduction of these microorganisms was low. Conclusions. The treated wastewater did not present satisfactory microbiological and parasitological quality to irrestricted (category A) and restricted (category B) irrigation according to WHO (1989) guidelines. Under the conditions of this investigation, the disinfectants agents used were not effective in the elimination of fecal indicators to reach WHO ( 1989) recommendations. Salmonella was detected in treated wastewater samples studied and coliphages concentration was compatible with literatura data, between 1 03 to 104 UFP/1 OOmL. E. coli O157 was not detected in treated wastewater sample analyzed. Even though, due the acquired results the final effluent from stabilization ponds system in Lins (SP) should not be used in irrestricted and restricted irrigation second WHO (1989) recommendations as public health protect measure to exposed groups to this kind of waters.
118

Fatores associados ? infec??o natural de c?es por parasitos gastrintestinais. / Factors associated with natural infection with gastrointestinal parasites in dogs.

Balassiano, Bianca Chiganer Cramer 23 January 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:16:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007- Bianca Chiganer Cramer Balassiano.pdf: 973689 bytes, checksum: caa5d01cfd474568dd4cacc49b6e911b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-01-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Infection with gastrointestinal parasites in dogs can be associated with several factors. The aim of this study was to identify these parasites and their frequencies, and to verify the factors associated with infection. From November 2003 to September 2004 five-hundred dogs presented to three veterinary establishments in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro were evaluated. A form was filled for each dog, including information obtained from physical examination and from the interview of the owner, approaching factors related to the dog, the management and the owner. One fecal sample from each dog was examined by centrifugal flotation and centrifugal sedimentation methods and stained by safranin-methylene blue technique. Data obtained from physical exams and interviews, as well as the results of fecal parasitological exams, were submitted to bivariate analysis and, after the selection of significant variables (p=0.05), multivariate analysis was performed, using logistic regression. Gastrointestinal parasites were detected in 46.4% of the dogs. Hookworms (15.2%), ascarids (7.4%), whipworms (5.0%), Dipylidium caninum (0.2%), taeniids (3.0%), Cryptosporidium sp. (26.2%), Cystoisospora sp. (4.4%) and Giardia sp. (2.6%) were observed in the fecal samples. Protozoans (29.6%) were more frequently observed than helminths (23.2%). Age of the animal (p<0.001), access to soil (p<0.001), ambient hygiene (p<0.01) and pro-oestrous (p<0.05) were associated with infections with gastrointestinal parasites. Access to soil (p<0.001), anthelmintic usage (p<0.01), owner s school level (p<0.01), age of the animal (p<0.01), pro-oestrous (p<0.01) and breed (p<0.05) were associated with infections with helminthes. Age of the animal (p<0.001) and ambient hygiene (p<0.01) were associated with infections by protozoans. Frequency of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs was high and infections were associated with factors related to the animal, to the management and to the owner. / A infec??o de c?es por parasitos gastrintestinais pode estar associada a diversos fatores. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar tais parasitos, observar suas freq??ncias e verificar os fatores associados ? infec??o pelos mesmos. De novembro de 2003 a setembro de 2004, foram avaliados 500 c?es atendidos em tr?s estabelecimentos veterin?rios no Munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro. Um formul?rio foi preenchido para cada c?o, atrav?s de exame f?sico do animal e entrevista com o propriet?rio, abordando fatores inerentes aos c?es e fatores relacionados ao manejo e ao propriet?rio. Uma amostra fecal de cada c?o foi coletada e examinada pelas t?cnicas de centr?fugo-flutua??o em solu??o saturada de a??car e de centr?fugo-sedimenta??o (Ritchie) e corada pela t?cnica de safranina-azul de metileno. Os dados obtidos nos exames f?sicos e nas entrevistas, bem como os resultados dos exames parasitol?gicos de fezes, foram submetidos ? an?lise bivariada e, ap?s sele??o das vari?veis significativas (p=0,05), procedeu-se ? an?lise multivariada, atrav?s de regress?o log?stica. Parasitos gastrintestinais foram detectados em 46,4% dos c?es. Nas amostras fecais observaram-se ancilostom?deos (15,2%), ascarid?deos (7,4%), tricur?deos (5,0%), Dipylidium caninum (0,2%), ten?deos (3,0%), Cryptosporidium sp. (26,2%), Cystoisospora sp. (4,4%) e Giardia sp. (2,6%). Protozo?rios (29,6%) foram mais freq?entes do que helmintos (23,2%). A idade do animal (p<0,001), o acesso ? terra (p<0,001), a higiene do ambiente (p<0,01) e o pr?-estro (p<0,05) estiveram associados ? infec??o por parasitos gastrintestinais. O acesso ? terra (p<0,001), a administra??o de anti-helm?nticos (p<0,01), o grau de escolaridade do propriet?rio (p<0,01), a idade do animal (p<0,01), o pr?-estro (p<0,01) e a ra?a (p<0,05) estiveram associados ? infec??o por helmintos. A idade do animal (p<0,001) e a higiene do ambiente (p<0,01) estiveram associadas ? infec??o por protozo?rios. A freq??ncia de parasitos gastrintestinais em c?es foi alta e as infec??es foram associadas a fatores inerentes aos c?es e fatores relacionados ao manejo e ao propriet?rio.
119

Helmintofauna de Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819) (Actynopterygii: Characidae) do Alto Rio S?o Francisco, Minas Gerais, Brasil / Helminth fauna of Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819) (Actynopterygii: Characidae) of the Upper S?o Francisco river, Minas Gerais, Brazil

MENEZES, Flavia Guerra Vieira de 22 February 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-03-27T18:34:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Fl?via Guerra Vieira de Menezes.pdf: 5858835 bytes, checksum: 4d6199e1cbd8ddce6884aa2b408fe0e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-27T18:34:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Fl?via Guerra Vieira de Menezes.pdf: 5858835 bytes, checksum: 4d6199e1cbd8ddce6884aa2b408fe0e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-22 / CNPq / This study aimed to identify the species that compose the endoparasite fauna of Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819) from the upper S?o Francisco river to downstream of the dam of Tr?s Marias, Minas Gerais, Brazil, as well as record the parasitic parameters (prevalence, severity and abundance) and sites of infection for each helminths species A. fasciatus. Besides providing morphological and morphometric data of helminths species, the study also sought to identify possible correlations between parameters and parasitic total length, body weight and sex of the hosts still investigating ecological interactions of them based on the interpretation of possible cycles of biological endohelminth. A total of 74 specimens of A. fasciatus was collected in the upper S?o Francisco river to downstream of the dam of Tr?s Marias, Tr?s Marias municipality, state of Minas Gerais (18?12'32''S, 45?15'41''W), in the month of January 2011 and 2012. Fourteen species of parasites were found in A. fasciatus, being distributed in taxa Eucestoda (one specie), Nematoda (12 species) and Acanthocephala (one specie). They are: metacestodes, Contracaecum sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Goezia sp., Brevimulticaecum sp., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) saofranciscencis (Moreira Oliveira e Costa, 1994), Cystidicoloides sp., Spinitectus rodolphiheringi Vaz & Pereira, 1934, Rhabdochona sp., Spiroxys sp., Eustrongylides sp. and Neoechinorhynchus pimelodi Brazil-Sato & Pavanelli, 1998. The helminths fauna of A. fasciatus characterized mainly by larvae Contracaecum sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Spiroxys sp. and larvae and adults of P. saofranciscencis beyond metacestodes. It appears that this fish mainly acts as an intermediate host larvae of an unidentified species of cestode and nematode larvae, your diet has been the factor responsible for this. Astyanax fasciatus further assists in transmitting species such Rhabdochona sp. for carnivorous fish and also acts as a definitive host for P. saofranciscencis occupying so different trophic levels. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar as esp?cies que comp?em a fauna endoparasit?ria de Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819) do alto rio S?o Francisco ? jusante da barragem de Tr?s Marias, Minas Gerais, Brasil, bem como registrar os par?metros parasit?rios (preval?ncia, intensidade e abund?ncia) e os s?tios de infec??o de cada esp?cie de helminto de A. fasciatus. Al?m de prover os dados morfom?tricos e morfol?gicos das esp?cies de helmintos, o trabalho tamb?m procurou identificar poss?veis correla??es entre os par?metros parasit?rios e o comprimento total, o peso corporal e o sexo dos hospedeiros e investigar intera??es ecol?gicas dos mesmos baseando-se na interpreta??o de poss?veis ciclos biol?gicos dos endohelmintos. Um total de 74 esp?cimes de A. fasciatus foi coletado no alto rio S?o Francisco ? jusante da barragem de Tr?s Marias, munic?pio de Tr?s Marias, estado de Minas Gerais (18?12?32??S, 45?15?41??W), no m?s de janeiro de 2011 e 2012. Quatorze esp?cies de parasitos foram encontradas em A. fasciatus, sendo distribu?das nos t?xons Eucestoda (uma esp?cie), Nematoda (12 esp?cies) e Acanthocephala (uma esp?cie): metacest?ides, Contracaecum sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Goezia sp., Brevimulticaecum sp., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) saofranciscencis (Moreira, Oliveira e Costa, 1994), Cystidicoloides sp., Spinitectus rodolphiheringi Vaz & Pereira, 1934, Rhabdochona sp., Spiroxys sp., Eustrongylides sp. e Neoechinorhynchus pimelodi Brasil-Sato & Pavanelli, 1998. A fauna de helmintos de A. fasciatus caracterizou-se principalmente por larvas de Contracaecum sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Spiroxys sp. e larvas e adultos de P. saofranciscencis al?m dos metacest?ides. Verificou-se que A. fasciatus atua principalmente como hospedeiro intermedi?rio de larvas de uma esp?cie n?o identificada de cest?ide e de larvas de nemat?ides, tendo sido a sua dieta o fator respons?vel por isto; auxilia na transmiss?o de esp?cies como Rhabdochona sp. para peixes carn?voros e atua tamb?m como hospedeiro definitivo para P. saofranciscencis, ocupando assim, n?veis tr?ficos distintos.
120

Avaliação sanitária de águas residuárias provenientes de lagoas de estabilização para irrigação de culturas agrícolas no estado de São Paulo / Sanitary evaluation of wastewater from stabilization ponds for agricultural irrigation at Säo Paulo state

Razzolini, Maria Tereza Pepe 01 December 2003 (has links)
Em decorrência da escassez de água e para melhor aproveitamento de recursos hídricos considera-se o reúso de águas residuárias como alternativa de oferta desses recursos na irrigação de culturas agrícolas e outras atividades. No entanto, o reúso de águas requer cuidados específicos pois muitos agentes de doenças são veiculados pela água. No caso da irrigação agrícola o controle da qualidade microbiológica e parasitológica de águas de reúso é de fundamental importância para assegurar níveis de qualidade satisfatórios, minimizando assim riscos à saúde pública. Objetivo. Estudar a viabilidade da utilização dos esgotos sanitários tratados pelo sistema de lagoas de estabilização do município de Lins (SP) na irrigação de áreas agrícolas, sob o ponto de vista sanitário. A avaliação da qualidade microbiológica e parasitológica dos esgotos tratados foi segundo as recomendações da OMS (1989) para águas de reúso na agricultura; a verificação da presença de cepas de E. coli potencialmente patogênicas, mediante sorologia e ensaios de amplificação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR); pesquisar a presença de Salmonella; investigar a presença e viabilidade de ovos de helmintos; quantificação de colifagos e avaliação da eficiência da desinfecção dos esgotos com hipoclorito de sódio e ozônio. Métodos. A determinação de coliformes totais e E. coli efetuou-se mediante uso do kit Colilert (Iddex) e a pesquisa de cepas de E. coli potencialmente patogênicas por meio de teste sorológico e PCR. O isolamento de Salmonella, quantificação de colifagos e determinação de ovos de helmintos foi efetuado segundo Normas Cetesb e Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (20th ed. 2000) e a viabilidade dos ovos de helmintos de acordo com Yanko (1988). Resultados. A concentração de E.coli nas amostras de esgoto sanitário tratado revelou densidade acima dos níveis recomendados pela OMS para irrigação irrestrita e restrita. Foram detectados ovos de Ascaris e Salmonella. A densidade de colifagos situou-se entre 6,0x102 a 8,5x104 UFP/100ml não sendo considerada elevada nas amostras analisadas. Nas amostras de esgoto tratado submetidas à desinfecção com hipoclorito de sódio observou-se variação na densidade de coliformes totais e E coli, dependendo da dosagem e tempo de contato aplicados. Os melhores níveis de remoção dessas bactérias ocorreu na faixa de 8,6 a 15 mg/L de hipoclorito de sódio e tempo de contato de 30 minutos. Quando da aplicação de ozônio não se verificou eficiência satisfatória na remoção de coliformes totais e E coli. Em relação à eliminação de ovos de helmintos não se observou eliminação após a aplicação de ambos os agentes desinfectantes. A remoção de colifagos após desinfecção com hipoclorito de sódio foi de O a 2 logs dependendo da dose e tempos de contato aplicados e após desinfecção com ozônio a remoção desses organismos ficou entre O e 1 log. Conclusão. Os esgotos sanitários tratados não apresentaram qualidade microbiológica e parasitológica satisfatória para irrigação irrestrita (categoria A) e restrita (categoria B) conforme valores-guia da OMS. Nas condições da pesquisa realizada, os desinfectantes utilizados não resultaram em remoção efetiva de microrganismos indicadores, não atendendo às recomendações da OMS. Detectou-se Samonella nas amostras de esgoto tratado analisadas e densidade de colifagos em níveis compatíveis com os registros da literatura, 10 3 a 10 4 UFP/1 OOmL. Não se observou a ocorrência de E coli O157 nas amostras de esgotos tratados analisadas. Portanto, conclui-se que os esgotos tratados procedentes da Estação de Tratamento de Esgotos utilizado na cidade de Lins (SP) não devem ser utilizados na irrigação de cultivos enquadrados na categoria A (irrigação irrestrita) e categoria B (irrigação restrita) estabelecidas pela OMS (1989) como medida de proteção à saúde de grupos expostos a essas águas. / Due the water scarcity and the necessity to improve of hydric systems management the reuse appears as an altemative to agricultural irrigation and other activities. However, wastewater reuse demands special attention because there are many diseases transmitted by contaminated waters. This concern shows the importance of the satisfactory sanitary quality to protect public health. Objective. Studying the viability of treated wastewater by stabilization ponds located in Lins (SP) to reuse in agricultural in relation to WHO recommendations (1989), presence of E.coli O157 through out sorological reaction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Salmonella detection, presence and viability of helminthes eggs, quantification of coliphages and efficiency of disinfection using sodium hypochlorite and ozone. Methods. The enumeration of total coliform and E. coli, Salmonella isolation, coliphages density and helminthes eggs determination were carried out according to Cetesb guidelines and Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (20th ed., 2000). The viability of helminthes eggs was determined according Yanko(1988). Results. E. coli concentration in treated wastewater samples revealed values higher than WHO guidelines (1989) to irrestricted (category A) and restricted (category B) irrigation, Ascaris eggs were detected as well as Salmonella . The coliphages density, 6,0x102 to 8,5x104 UFP/100mL , was not high in the analyzed samples. There was variation in the concentration of total coliform and E. coli in treated wastewater disinfected with sodium hypochlorite depending of dosis and contact time employed. The best results were observed in the range between 8,6 - 15 mg/L of sodium hypochlorite at 30 minutes of contact time. When the ozone was used the results obtained did not reveal satisfactory efficiency in total coliform and E. coli reduction. In relation to helminthes eggs elimination the disinfectant agents used were not efficient. The coliphages reduction using sodium hypochlorite was between O - 2 logs units depending of dosis and contact time employed, after ozone disinfection the reduction of these microorganisms was low. Conclusions. The treated wastewater did not present satisfactory microbiological and parasitological quality to irrestricted (category A) and restricted (category B) irrigation according to WHO (1989) guidelines. Under the conditions of this investigation, the disinfectants agents used were not effective in the elimination of fecal indicators to reach WHO ( 1989) recommendations. Salmonella was detected in treated wastewater samples studied and coliphages concentration was compatible with literatura data, between 1 03 to 104 UFP/1 OOmL. E. coli O157 was not detected in treated wastewater sample analyzed. Even though, due the acquired results the final effluent from stabilization ponds system in Lins (SP) should not be used in irrestricted and restricted irrigation second WHO (1989) recommendations as public health protect measure to exposed groups to this kind of waters.

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