Em contraste com a prevalência e importância dos estágios jovens dos insetos, suas características permanecem, em grande medida, desconhecidas. Das mais de 4.100 espécies de Pentatomidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera), apenas 125 e 98 espécies tiveram a morfologia dos estágios de ovo e ninfa descritos, respectivamente. O reconhecimento das espécies de pentatomídeos é feito com base em caracteres de morfologia externa e genitália dos adultos; porém também os estágios imaturos apresentam características as quais permitem identificações ao nível de família, gênero e espécie. O gênero Chinavia possui 32 espécies registradas para o Brasil, das quais 12 ocorrem no Rio Grande do Sul. Apesar da diversidade, da ampla distribuição e da importância agrícola do gênero, somente oito dessas espécies têm seus imaturos descritos. O presente estudo descreve a morfologia dos ovos e dos cinco ínstares ninfais das seguintes espécies: Chinavia aseada (Rolston, 1983), Chinavia armigera (Stål, 1854), Chinavia brasicola (Rolston, 1983) e Chinavia runaspis (Dallas, 1851), e a biologia das últimas três espécies citadas. Foram elaboradas descrições e ilustrações, obtidos dados morfométricos e investigados aspectos de biologia. As espécies estudadas compartilham com as demais espécies de Chinavia características diagnósticas em nível genérico. Todas as quatro espécies do presente estudo apresentam ovos de cor castanha. Entretanto, os ovos de C. armigera apresentam uma coloração brilhante, ao passo que as demais espécie tem ovos opacos. A forma do ovo, a esculturação da superfície do cório e a forma dos processos aero-micropilares são semelhantes ao que foi observado em outras espécies do gênero. No 1° ínstar, todas as espécies do gênero apresentam uma mancha dorsal, cujo tamanho e forma podem variar, bem como a coloração, que vai de amarela a vermelha. Em C. runaspis, a mancha dorsal característica do gênero apresenta tamanho maior que nas demais espécies, o que auxilia na identificação a nível específico já no 1° ínstar. A partir do 2° ínstar surgem manchas no dorso abdominal, cujo padrão de coloração e distribuição pode auxiliar na identificação a nível específico. Tais manchas se tornam mais amplas na medida em que o inseto se desenvolve. A formação do escutelo é visível no 3° ínstar. No 4° ínstar, aparecem as pterotecas mesotorácicas, mas essas não cobrem o metanoto. No 5° ínstar, as pterotecas ultrapassam ou pelo menos atingem a margem posterior do metanoto, e as ninfas já exibem diferenciação sexual. Neste ínstar as características diagnósticas tornam-se mais evidentes, o que facilita a identificação a nível específico. O tempo médio de desenvolvimento entre os estágios de ovo e adulto foi de 44,71 ± 5,59 dias. Este estudo visa ampliar o conhecimento dos imaturos de Chinavia, através de comparações com outras espécies congenéricas já conhecidas e a elaboração de chaves de identificação para as espécies sul-rio-grandenses, que por sua vez auxiliarão a identificação das ninfas, além de propiciar o encontro de caracteres, nas formas imaturas, que sejam relevantes para taxonomia e filogenia do grupo. / In contrast to the prevalence and importance of the immature stages of insects, their characteristics remain largely unknown. There are more than 4,100 species of Pentatomidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera), but only 125 and 98 species had egg and nymphal stages morphology described, respectively. Recognition of Pentatomidae species is based mainly on characters of adults general morphology and genitalia, but also the immature stages have features which allow identification at the family, genus and species level. Chinavia has 32 species registered in Brazil, of which 12 occur in Rio Grande do Sul. Despite the diversity, wide distribution and agricultural importance of the genus, only eight of these species have their immature described. The present study describes the morphology of eggs and five nymphal ínstars of the four remaining species: Chinavia aseada (Rolston, 1983), Chinavia armigera (Stål, 1854), Chinavia brasicola (Rolston, 1983) and Chinavia runaspis (Dallas, 1851), and the biology of the last three species. Descriptions and illustrations were prepared, morphometric data obtained and aspects of biology were investigated. The species share with other species of Chinavia diagnostic features in the generic level. All four species of this study have brown eggs. However, eggs of C. armigera have a bright color, while other species have eggs opaque. The egg shape, the sculpturing of the chorion surface and shape of the aero-micropylar processes are similar to the other species. In the first ínstar, all species have a dorsal spot, whose size and shape may differ among them, as well as the color, ranging from yellow to red In C. runaspis, the dorsal spot which is characteristic of the genus is larger than in other species of Chinavia, which helps to identify the species already in the first instar. From the second ínstar the dorsal abdominal spots appear, whose staining pattern and distribution can help identify the specific level. These spots become larger with the development of the insect. The scutellum is visible in the 3rd ínstar; in the 4th ínstar, the mesothoracic wingpads appear, but these do not cover the metanotum. In the 5th ínstar, the wingpads exceed or at least reach the posterior margin of metanotum, and the nymphs already display sexual differentiation. In this ínstar the diagnostic features become more evident, easing the identification to the specific level. The average development time between egg and adult stages was 44.71 ± 5.59 days. This study aimed to expand the knowledge of Chinavia immature through comparisons with other known congeneric species and provide an identification key for the species registered in Rio Grande do Sul state, as well as help in the search for characters of the immature forms that are relevant for the taxonomy and phylogeny of the group.

Em contraste com a prevalência e importância dos estágios jovens dos insetos, suas características permanecem, em grande medida, desconhecidas. Das mais de 4.100 espécies de Pentatomidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera), apenas 125 e 98 espécies tiveram a morfologia dos estágios de ovo e ninfa descritos, respectivamente. O reconhecimento das espécies de pentatomídeos é feito com base em caracteres de morfologia externa e genitália dos adultos; porém também os estágios imaturos apresentam características as quais permitem identificações ao nível de família, gênero e espécie. O gênero Chinavia possui 32 espécies registradas para o Brasil, das quais 12 ocorrem no Rio Grande do Sul. Apesar da diversidade, da ampla distribuição e da importância agrícola do gênero, somente oito dessas espécies têm seus imaturos descritos. O presente estudo descreve a morfologia dos ovos e dos cinco ínstares ninfais das seguintes espécies: Chinavia aseada (Rolston, 1983), Chinavia armigera (Stål, 1854), Chinavia brasicola (Rolston, 1983) e Chinavia runaspis (Dallas, 1851), e a biologia das últimas três espécies citadas. Foram elaboradas descrições e ilustrações, obtidos dados morfométricos e investigados aspectos de biologia. As espécies estudadas compartilham com as demais espécies de Chinavia características diagnósticas em nível genérico. Todas as quatro espécies do presente estudo apresentam ovos de cor castanha. Entretanto, os ovos de C. armigera apresentam uma coloração brilhante, ao passo que as demais espécie tem ovos opacos. A forma do ovo, a esculturação da superfície do cório e a forma dos processos aero-micropilares são semelhantes ao que foi observado em outras espécies do gênero. No 1° ínstar, todas as espécies do gênero apresentam uma mancha dorsal, cujo tamanho e forma podem variar, bem como a coloração, que vai de amarela a vermelha. Em C. runaspis, a mancha dorsal característica do gênero apresenta tamanho maior que nas demais espécies, o que auxilia na identificação a nível específico já no 1° ínstar. A partir do 2° ínstar surgem manchas no dorso abdominal, cujo padrão de coloração e distribuição pode auxiliar na identificação a nível específico. Tais manchas se tornam mais amplas na medida em que o inseto se desenvolve. A formação do escutelo é visível no 3° ínstar. No 4° ínstar, aparecem as pterotecas mesotorácicas, mas essas não cobrem o metanoto. No 5° ínstar, as pterotecas ultrapassam ou pelo menos atingem a margem posterior do metanoto, e as ninfas já exibem diferenciação sexual. Neste ínstar as características diagnósticas tornam-se mais evidentes, o que facilita a identificação a nível específico. O tempo médio de desenvolvimento entre os estágios de ovo e adulto foi de 44,71 ± 5,59 dias. Este estudo visa ampliar o conhecimento dos imaturos de Chinavia, através de comparações com outras espécies congenéricas já conhecidas e a elaboração de chaves de identificação para as espécies sul-rio-grandenses, que por sua vez auxiliarão a identificação das ninfas, além de propiciar o encontro de caracteres, nas formas imaturas, que sejam relevantes para taxonomia e filogenia do grupo. / In contrast to the prevalence and importance of the immature stages of insects, their characteristics remain largely unknown. There are more than 4,100 species of Pentatomidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera), but only 125 and 98 species had egg and nymphal stages morphology described, respectively. Recognition of Pentatomidae species is based mainly on characters of adults general morphology and genitalia, but also the immature stages have features which allow identification at the family, genus and species level. Chinavia has 32 species registered in Brazil, of which 12 occur in Rio Grande do Sul. Despite the diversity, wide distribution and agricultural importance of the genus, only eight of these species have their immature described. The present study describes the morphology of eggs and five nymphal ínstars of the four remaining species: Chinavia aseada (Rolston, 1983), Chinavia armigera (Stål, 1854), Chinavia brasicola (Rolston, 1983) and Chinavia runaspis (Dallas, 1851), and the biology of the last three species. Descriptions and illustrations were prepared, morphometric data obtained and aspects of biology were investigated. The species share with other species of Chinavia diagnostic features in the generic level. All four species of this study have brown eggs. However, eggs of C. armigera have a bright color, while other species have eggs opaque. The egg shape, the sculpturing of the chorion surface and shape of the aero-micropylar processes are similar to the other species. In the first ínstar, all species have a dorsal spot, whose size and shape may differ among them, as well as the color, ranging from yellow to red In C. runaspis, the dorsal spot which is characteristic of the genus is larger than in other species of Chinavia, which helps to identify the species already in the first instar. From the second ínstar the dorsal abdominal spots appear, whose staining pattern and distribution can help identify the specific level. These spots become larger with the development of the insect. The scutellum is visible in the 3rd ínstar; in the 4th ínstar, the mesothoracic wingpads appear, but these do not cover the metanotum. In the 5th ínstar, the wingpads exceed or at least reach the posterior margin of metanotum, and the nymphs already display sexual differentiation. In this ínstar the diagnostic features become more evident, easing the identification to the specific level. The average development time between egg and adult stages was 44.71 ± 5.59 days. This study aimed to expand the knowledge of Chinavia immature through comparisons with other known congeneric species and provide an identification key for the species registered in Rio Grande do Sul state, as well as help in the search for characters of the immature forms that are relevant for the taxonomy and phylogeny of the group.

1 Abstract: Multimodal signaling is quite common in nature. Even if we focus only on signaling among prey and its predator, we can still find many examples of communication combining more than one modality (vision, hearing, smell, taste). This thesis is about multimodal warning visual and olfactory signaling between true bugs (Heteroptera) and their avian predators. Aldehydes are an important compound of repellent secretion of most true bug species. They are considered to have defence effects against predators. In our experiments, we tested the effect of aldehydes mixture on behaviour of predators - naive hand-reared and experienced wild-caught adult great tits (Parus major) - towards several kinds of prey - aposematic true bugs Pyrrhocoris apterus, nonaposematic true bugs Pyrrhocoris tibialis and red painted mealworms (Tenebrio molitor larvae). We were focusing on the effect of aldehydes on initial reaction, learning process and predator's memory. Aldehydes elicited innate wariness in naive hand- reared great tits towards aposematic P. apterus, but not towards P. tibialis. Therefore it seems possible, that aldehydes act as a signal of unpalatability for naive predators, but only in multimodal combination with visual warning signal. Similar effect of aldehydes was not found in experiments with wild-caught...

No description available.

Bibliography: leaves 231-[262] / xiii, 231, [112] leaves, 10 leaves of plates : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Entomology, 1984

It this study morphometric characteristics and the growth of univoltine predatory water scorpion - Nepa cinerea were studied on the basis of data measured on freshly killed individuals, the same ethanol - fixed individuals and dried individuals. The growth of this species has an exponential character. By comparing the morphometric characteristics of freshly killed and fixed individuals was found that the ethanol fixation influenced mainly weight of all developmental stages and total abdominal ventral length of adults. The same was found for the comparison of morphometric characteristics of freshly killed individuals and dried individuals. Other studied dimensions were not significantly deformed even by fixation or drying. Reducing of individula demensions by the influence of fixation and drying was uneven at different developmental stages. Reliable dimension for differentiating of individual developmental stages fixed material and the collected dried material is especially the media length of the body. Dimensions of fixed individuals and dried individuals is not significantly different from dimensions of freshly killed individuals. This project was supported by grant GA CR P505/10/0096.

Submitted by Carmen Torres (carmensct@globo.com) on 2018-02-02T17:50:05Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_DescricaoGeneroNovo.pdf: 2491281 bytes, checksum: 1713bd7a42c75e2872f49b27c6f14589 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2018-02-07T17:35:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_DescricaoGeneroNovo.pdf: 2491281 bytes, checksum: 1713bd7a42c75e2872f49b27c6f14589 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-07T17:35:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_DescricaoGeneroNovo.pdf: 2491281 bytes, checksum: 1713bd7a42c75e2872f49b27c6f14589 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-07 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A família Pentatomidae é a quarta mais diversa dentre Heteroptera, compreendendo cerca de 4.700 espécies dividas em, aproximadamente, 800 gêneros. Pentatomidae é um grupo monofilético caracterizado pela perda das gonapófises 8, redução e fusionamento das gonapófises 9 aos gonocoxitos 9, ausência do gonângulo e ductos do receptáculo dilatados e invaginados, formando três paredes distintas. Dentre as subfamílias de Pentatomidae, Edessinae é a segunda mais diversa, com cerca de 320 espécies divididas em nove gêneros: Edessa Fabricius, 1803, Ascra Say, 1832, Brachystethus Laporte, 1832, Peromatus Amyot & Serville, 1843, Olbia Stål, 1862, Pantochlora Stål, 1870, Doesburgedessa Fernandes, 2010, Paraedessa Silva & Fernandes, 2013 e Grammedessa Correia & Fernandes, 2016. O gênero Edessa apresenta diversos problemas taxonômicos e nomenclaturais devido a falta de uma diagnose clara e objetiva. Dessa forma, as espécies que apresentam características gerais da subfamília e que não se enquadram na diagnose dos outros gêneros de Edessinae são consideradas como pertencentes à Edessa. Esta prática tornou o gênero um “depósito” de espécies com limites indefinidos. A proposta para o gênero é revisá-lo a partir de grupos de espécies com características semelhantes entre si, possivelmente sinapomorfias. Um destes enigmáticos grupos de Edessa é composto por Edessa celsa Distant, 1890 e três espécies novas. No presente trabalho um novo gênero composto por estas quatro espécies é descrito e comparado ao subgênero Hypoxys, o qual apresenta características comuns. Diagnoses, ilustrações do processo metasternal e genitália interna e externa, fotografias das vistas dorsal e ventral e um mapa de distribuição são apresentados. Uma chave dos gêneros de Edessinae e de Edessinae gen. n. também são apresentadas. Genitálias de machos e fêmeas de Edessa celsa são descritas pela primeira vez. A distribuição de E. celsa é ampliada para Costa Rica e México. O lectótipo de E. celsa é designado no presente trabalho. / The family Pentatomidae is the fourth most diverse among Heteroptera, comprising about 4.700 species divided in, approximately, 800 genera. The family is a monophyletic taxa characterized by the loss of gonapophyses 8, gonapophyses 9 reduced and fused to gonocoxites 9, gonangulum absent and the ductus receptaculi dilated and invaginated, forming three distinct walls. The subfamily Edessinae is the second most diverse, comprising about 320 species divided in nine genera: Edessa Fabricius, 1803 (about 300 species), Ascra Say, 1832 (14 species), Brachystethus Laporte, 1832 (10 species), Peromatus Amyot & Serville, 1843 (seven species), Olbia Stål, 1862 (three species), Pantochlora Stål, 1870 (one species), Doesburgedessa Fernandes, 2010 (five species), Paraedessa Silva & Fernandes, 2013 (nine species) and Grammedessa Correia & Fernandes, 2016 (12 species). The genus Edessa has many taxonomic and nomenclatural problems related to the lack of a reliable diagnosis. In this way, species which have general characteristics of the subfamily and did not fit in the diagnostic features of other genera of Edessinae are considered to belonging to Edessa. This practice made the genus a "deposit" of species with indefinite limits. The proposal for the genus is to revise Edessa in groups of species sharing morphological distinctive characters (possible synapomorphies). One of these enigmatic groups of Edessa is formed by Edessa celsa Distant, 1890 and three allied new species. Here we describe a new genus for these four species sharing a unique set of characteristics and compare with Hypoxys, subgenus of Edessa with similar facies. Diagnosis, illustrations of the metasternal process and external and internal genitalia, photographs of the dorsal and ventral view, and a distributional map are provided. A key to the genera belonging to Edessinae and a key to the species of Plagaedessa are also provided. Male and female genitalia of Plagaedessa celsa n. comb. are described for the first time. Distribution of P. celsa is extended to Costa Rica and Mexico. The lectotype of Edessa celsa is here designated.

<p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1992, härtill 8 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

By warning signalling prey advertises its unpalatability to the predators. Typical examples are true bugs (Heteroptera) combining optical and chemical signals. The aim of this study was to find out the effectiveness of chemical defence against wild-caught adults of great tits (Parus major) and blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) and towards hand-reared juveniles of great tits. The tested prey were adults and larvae of two invasive species of genus Oxycarenus (Heteroptera: Oxycarenidae) (aposematic O. lavaterae, non-aposematic O. hyalinipennis), adults of Horvathiolus superbus (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) and crickets (Gryllus assimilis) as a control prey. We were focusing on the influence of seed bugs to the initial reaction, the learning process and to the displays of discomfort behaviour in tits. Reactions affected by the tit species, age and sex were compared in adults. Juveniles were divided into two independent experimental groups, one group was offered adults of genus Oxycarenus, the second was offered sunflower (Helianthus sp.) or Digitalis sp. seed fed adults of H. superbus. The first bug offered did not elicit an initial aversive reaction in tits, but birds reacted aversively to the bugs after having further handling experience. All juveniles, contrary to the adult tits, attacked at least one bug...

The main task of this thesis was to investigate the influence of the preservation by ethyl alcohol and dry mounting on the morphometric characteristics of water bugs´ and to test the hypothesis that live individuals and individuals preserved by ethyl alcohol and dry mounted (both groups deal with individuals of the same species, sex and developmental stage) have the same morphometric parameters. The next task was to determine the effect of preparation by ethyl alcohol and dry mounting on the change of weight caused by different way of individuals´ preparation. Two model species of water bugs were chosen for this study: creeping water bug Ilyocoris cimicoides (Naucoridae) and backswimmer Notonecta glauca (Notonectidae). Weight and twelve other morphometric body characters were measured in adults of both sexes of both species. All data and their differences were tested by Student's paired t-test or nonparametric Wilcoxon test. The level of significance p = 0,05 was used for the decision whether the difference before and after preservation by ethyl alcohol and dry mounting is or is not statistically significant. Both preservation by ethyl alcohol and dry mounting influence only the body weight of treated individuals. Other morphometric characters are more or less independent on the way of preservation of water bugs´ individuals in collections. In this work, we also tested the effect of the Dyar rule for the increase in weight and size between different developmental stages of both species studied. Dyar rule for the evolution of both species was not verified. This project was supported by the grant of the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic No. P505/10/0096.