Orientador: Mary Massumi Itoyama / Banca: Fernanda Cristina Alcantara dos Santos / Banca: Sandra Regina de Carvalho Marchesin / Resumo: No presente trabalho verificamos que os testículos possuem morfologias diferentes podendo ser arredondados, arredondados/espiralados ou alongados/espiralados. Com relação à morfometria das células em prófase I, B. micantulum e R. zela foram as que apresentaram as menores células, G. f. flavus foi a que apresentou maior tamanho e R. c. crassifemur e M. brasiliensis apresentaram tamanho intermediário. A avaliação da espermatogênese nos permitiu concluir que as características observadas são semelhantes às das outras espécies de Heteroptera, descritas na literatura, diferindo apenas com relação à morfologia dos testículos, o número de cromossomos e o sistema cromossômico do sexo. A análise das ultraestruturas observadas durante a espermatogênese de Gelastocoris flavus flavus e Martarega uruguayensis mostraram a presença de várias mitocôndrias pequenas e uniformemente distribuidas pelo citoplasma em células em profase I, de ambas espécies, que foram se unindo formando o complexo mitocondrial, que possui no seu interior as mitocôndrias enoveladas, posteriormente este complexo mitocondrial se divide em duas estruturas denominadas derivados mitocondriais, que se dispõem bilateralmente ao axonema. O axonema dessas espécies possui o padrão de 9+9+2. A formação do acrossomo inicia-se nos primeiros estágios da espermiogênese sendo composto de muitas vesículas acrossomais que se unem formando uma única estrutura, sendo observada regiões e algumas estruturas mais coradas em seu interior. Basicamente o processo de espermiogênese não diferiu entre as duas espécies analisadas / Abstract: In this study, we found different morphologies for testes of the Heteroptera species Belostoma anurum, B. micantulum, Gelastocoris angulatus, G. flavus flavus, Rheumatobates crassifemur crassifemur, Buenoa amnigenus, B. unguis, Martarega brasiliensis, M. membranacea, M. uruguayensis, Rhagovelia tenuipes and R. zela. They can by round, round/spiral and elongated/spiral. The size of prophase I cells also varied, being the smallest ones detected in B. micantulum and R. zela, the largest in G. f. flavus, and the intermediate in R. c. crassifemur and M. brasiliensis. The analyses of spermatogenesis allowed us to conclude that, in the studied species, the features are similar to those of other previously described Heteroptera species, differing only as to the testicular morphology, the chromosome number, and the sex chromosome system. Ultrastructural analysis of the spermatogenesis showed several small mitochondrias evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm, in cells at prophase I of G. f. flavus and M. uruguayensis. The small mitochondrias joined to form the mitochondrial complex. Later, this mitochondrial complex divided into two structures called mitochondrial derivatives, located bilaterally to the axoneme. The axoneme of these species showed the flagellar pattern 9+9+2. The acrosome started to be formed in the early stages of spermiogenesis, being composed of many acrosome vesicles that join to form a single structure. Some regions within this structure were more strongly stained. Basically the process of spermiogenesis did not differ between the species G. f. flavus and M. uruguayensis / Mestre

No description available.

Insects have developed many strategies of defence against predators in the course of evolution. The evolutionarily oldest and most widely used type of defence is chemical defence, followed by acoustic or optical defence. However, many species of insects use simultaneously multiple types of warning signals, which affect different sensory receptors of the given predator. Such a complex method of warning signals is called multimodal method. It may consist of a combination of simultaneous chemical and optical signals, or a combination of acoustic and optical signalling. The combination of chemical and optical signalling used against a predator is probably the most common form of multimodal signalling. The presented work deals with the analysis of biologically active substances, which participate in the defence mechanisms of a widespread species of insects - true bugs (Heteroptera). Pterin derivatives represent a large group of natural compounds derived from pteridin, bicyclic heterocycle, and they are found in virtually all living organisms from bacteria to vertebrates. In insects, they primarily serve as pigments, resulting for example in striking coloration of cuticles of Heteroptera. The first part of the dissertation was focused on identification and quantification of pterin derivatives in cuticles...

No description available.

Die paläarktische omnivore Weichwanze Dicyphus errans Wolff (Heteroptera, Miridae, Bryocorinae) zeichnet sich durch ein ausgesprochen breites Spektrum an besetzten Wirtspflanzen und konsumierten Beutetieren aus. Über 150 von D. errans akzeptierte Pflanzenarten sind erstmalig belegt worden. Der erfolgreiche Verzehr von 15 Beute-tierarten wurde quantitativ nachgewiesen. Eine weitere Besonderheit der Wanze besteht in der Präferenz für glandulär behaarte Pflanzen. Die Weichwanze besetzt somit von vielen anderen Insekten gemiedene Nischen. Untersuchungen im Botanischen Garten der Technischen Universität Dresden (2000 bis 2002) ließen auf eine bemerkenswerte räuberische Aktivität und Anpassungsfähigkeit an unterschiedliche Habitate, Beutetiere und Klimabedingungen schließen. Die fortführenden Studien im Rahmen der vorliegenden Dissertation (2002 bis 2005) erbrachten umfassende Erkenntnisse über die Art D. errans im Hinblick auf deren Morphologie, Vermehrung und Haltung, Bionomie und Ökologie (Fekundität und Ontogenese in Abhängigkeit von ausgewählten Einflussfaktoren, Dormanz), Aufenthalt und Fortbewegung (räumliche Orientierung und strukturanalytische Studien zu den Interaktionen zwischen Wanze und Pflanzenoberflächen), den Nahrungserwerb (Verzehrleistung und Omnivorie) sowie Videodokumentationen der Lebensweise und des Verhaltens. Der Generalist und Opportunist D. errans integriert sich als Pflanzensaftsauger regulierendes Kompartiment neben echten Räubern und Parasitoiden in Biozönosen. Als omnivores Insekt übernimmt die Wanze eine intermediäre und supplementäre Position in Nahrungsnetzen. Die Lebensweise dieser Weichwanzenart erscheint sehr komplex. Die enge Assoziation mit Pflanzen tritt stark in den Vordergrund. Sie ist in jeglichen Betrachtungen von D. errans unbedingt zu berücksichtigen und bietet außerdem als ein Modellsystem ein spannendes Forschungsfeld im Hinblick auf die Adaptation partiell räuberisch lebender Insekten an behaarte Pflanzen. / The omnivorous mirid bug Dicyphus errans Wolff (Heteroptera, Miridae, Bryocorinae) lives on a wide range of host plants and feeds on various preys. Over 150 plant species accepted by the mirid bug have been identified. It was experimentally shown that 15 prey species are efficiently consumed. Another characteristical features of D. errans is that it preferes hairy plants. Thus, the mirid bug occupies unique niches avoided by many other insects. Investigations, carried out at the Botanical Garden of the Technical University of Dresden (2000-2002) gave evidence for a remarkable predatory activity and ability to adaptation to different habitats, preys and climate conditions. The studies presented in the dissertation (2002-2005) gave the comprehensive knowledge about the species D. errans, especially its morphology, rearing, bionomy and ecology (fecundity and ontogenesis depending on selected factors, dormancy), habitat preference and locomotion (spatial orientation and structural-analytical studies of the interactions between the bug and plant surfaces), foraging and food ingestion (predatory capacity and omnivory). In addition, video documentation of the modus vivendi and the behavior was performed. The generalist and opportunist D. errans lives together with predators and parasitoids and takes part in a biological control of phytophagous insects in biocenoses. The life history of this bug species appeared to be very complex. The close association to plants has to be considered. Dicyphus errans offers a model system for further research on omnivorous predatory insects connected with hairy plants.

Die paläarktische omnivore Weichwanze Dicyphus errans Wolff (Heteroptera, Miridae, Bryocorinae) zeichnet sich durch ein ausgesprochen breites Spektrum an besetzten Wirtspflanzen und konsumierten Beutetieren aus. Über 150 von D. errans akzeptierte Pflanzenarten sind erstmalig belegt worden. Der erfolgreiche Verzehr von 15 Beute-tierarten wurde quantitativ nachgewiesen. Eine weitere Besonderheit der Wanze besteht in der Präferenz für glandulär behaarte Pflanzen. Die Weichwanze besetzt somit von vielen anderen Insekten gemiedene Nischen. Untersuchungen im Botanischen Garten der Technischen Universität Dresden (2000 bis 2002) ließen auf eine bemerkenswerte räuberische Aktivität und Anpassungsfähigkeit an unterschiedliche Habitate, Beutetiere und Klimabedingungen schließen. Die fortführenden Studien im Rahmen der vorliegenden Dissertation (2002 bis 2005) erbrachten umfassende Erkenntnisse über die Art D. errans im Hinblick auf deren Morphologie, Vermehrung und Haltung, Bionomie und Ökologie (Fekundität und Ontogenese in Abhängigkeit von ausgewählten Einflussfaktoren, Dormanz), Aufenthalt und Fortbewegung (räumliche Orientierung und strukturanalytische Studien zu den Interaktionen zwischen Wanze und Pflanzenoberflächen), den Nahrungserwerb (Verzehrleistung und Omnivorie) sowie Videodokumentationen der Lebensweise und des Verhaltens. Der Generalist und Opportunist D. errans integriert sich als Pflanzensaftsauger regulierendes Kompartiment neben echten Räubern und Parasitoiden in Biozönosen. Als omnivores Insekt übernimmt die Wanze eine intermediäre und supplementäre Position in Nahrungsnetzen. Die Lebensweise dieser Weichwanzenart erscheint sehr komplex. Die enge Assoziation mit Pflanzen tritt stark in den Vordergrund. Sie ist in jeglichen Betrachtungen von D. errans unbedingt zu berücksichtigen und bietet außerdem als ein Modellsystem ein spannendes Forschungsfeld im Hinblick auf die Adaptation partiell räuberisch lebender Insekten an behaarte Pflanzen. / The omnivorous mirid bug Dicyphus errans Wolff (Heteroptera, Miridae, Bryocorinae) lives on a wide range of host plants and feeds on various preys. Over 150 plant species accepted by the mirid bug have been identified. It was experimentally shown that 15 prey species are efficiently consumed. Another characteristical features of D. errans is that it preferes hairy plants. Thus, the mirid bug occupies unique niches avoided by many other insects. Investigations, carried out at the Botanical Garden of the Technical University of Dresden (2000-2002) gave evidence for a remarkable predatory activity and ability to adaptation to different habitats, preys and climate conditions. The studies presented in the dissertation (2002-2005) gave the comprehensive knowledge about the species D. errans, especially its morphology, rearing, bionomy and ecology (fecundity and ontogenesis depending on selected factors, dormancy), habitat preference and locomotion (spatial orientation and structural-analytical studies of the interactions between the bug and plant surfaces), foraging and food ingestion (predatory capacity and omnivory). In addition, video documentation of the modus vivendi and the behavior was performed. The generalist and opportunist D. errans lives together with predators and parasitoids and takes part in a biological control of phytophagous insects in biocenoses. The life history of this bug species appeared to be very complex. The close association to plants has to be considered. Dicyphus errans offers a model system for further research on omnivorous predatory insects connected with hairy plants.

Submitted by Carmen Torres (carmensct@globo.com) on 2018-02-22T18:58:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_SimilaridadeMorfologicaEfeitos.pdf: 1126425 bytes, checksum: 5c79e261d1d8daf281374b14b99a44bd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2018-02-26T14:58:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_SimilaridadeMorfologicaEfeitos.pdf: 1126425 bytes, checksum: 5c79e261d1d8daf281374b14b99a44bd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-26T14:58:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_SimilaridadeMorfologicaEfeitos.pdf: 1126425 bytes, checksum: 5c79e261d1d8daf281374b14b99a44bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-07 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Estudos sobre padrões de distribuição e coexistência das espécies em comunidades naturais estão ganhando destaque na área de ecologia de comunidades, pois servem como base para outros estudos, como os de conservação, de ecologia teórica e outros. Neste estudo, utilizamos os insetos aquáticos da Subordem Heteroptera (Infraordem Gerromorpha), para avaliar a relação entre similaridade morfológica e padrões de coexistência de Gerromorpha. Duas hipóteses foram testadas: (i) a existência de divergência morfológica entre as espécies coexistentes; (ii) o ambiente exerce baixa influência sobre o padrão de coocorrência das espécies. O estudo foi realizado em 32 riachos (igarapés) dentro e no entorno de uma unidade de conservação na Amazônia Oriental. A hipótese sobre divergência morfológica entre as espécies de insetos semiaquáticos e de ausência de um efeito ambiental nas assembleias foram corroboradas. As espécies da comunidade de Gerromorpha apresentaram um padrão de coocorrência não aleatório. A divergência morfológica entre espécies pode ser o resultado de intensa competição interespecífica. Nas assembleias de Gerromorpha estudadas, as relações de competição foram mais importantes que o ambiente, resultando no deslocamento de caracteres morfológicos, com espécies coexistentes mais distantes entre si morfologicamente do que o esperado para os modelos avaliados. / Studies on patterns of distribution and coexistence of species in natural communities are gaining prominence in the area of community ecology, as they serve as a basis for other studies, such as conservation studies, theoretical ecology and others. In this study, we used the aquatic insects of the Heteroptera Suborder (Infraorder Gerromorpha) to evaluate the relationship between morphological similarity and Gerromorpha coexistence patterns. Two hypotheses were tested: (i) the existence of morphological divergence between coexisting species; (ii) the environment has a low influence on the co-occurrence pattern of the species. The study was done in 32 creeks (streams) in and around a conservation unit in the Eastern Amazon. The hypothesis about morphological divergence between semiaquatic insect species and absence of an environmental effect in the assemblies was corroborated. Species of the Gerromorpha community presented a pattern of non-random co-occurrence. The morphological divergence between species may be the result of intense interspecific competition. In the Gerromorpha assemblages studied, the competition relations were more important than the environment, resulting in the displacement of morphological characters, with coexistent species more distant morphologically than expected for the evaluated models.

Existence of larval dorsoabdominal scent glands (DAGs) together with occurence of adult metathoracic scent glands is one of the important autapomorphic characters of taxon Heteroptera within taxon Insecta. DAGs can persist until adults in some species of this taxon. The persistence of DAGs were proved also in members of infraorder Pentatomomorpha. Targets of this thesis are: collect the knowledge about persistent adult DAGs in selected representative members of important families of taxon Pentatomomorpha; study and compare the condition of the DAGs in the oldest larval instars and adults; clarify the significance of existence the openings of conducting ductules of proper glandular units in reservoir intima of DAGs in study of the persistence of these glands. For study were used stereomicroscope, light and scanning electron microscope. Key words: Pentatomomorpha, Heteroptera, dorsoabdominal scent glands, openings of conducting ductules of glandular units, larvae of 5th instar, persistence in adults, persistence patterns, light microscope, scanning electron microscope