No description available.

No description available.

Hydroquinone is a most commonly used whitening agent in cosmetics. A high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of hydroquinone in creams. Validation parameters such as linearity, precision, accuracy, and limit of detection and limit of quantitation were determined. HPLC was carried by reverses phase technique on a RP-C18 column with a mobile phase of water and methanol (pH 5.0) 70:30. The linearity in the range of 2.0-40.0 μg/mL presents a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The LOD and LOQ were 0.16 and 0.53 μg/mL, respectively. The precision of the method was found to be satisfactory with a coefficient of variation below 2.2%. The recovery values were in the range of 92.4 to 99.0%. The method is sensitive, fast, and simple. It has been successfully applied to the determination of hydroquinone in cosmetic creams. The results obtained agreed well with the percentages given by the manufacturers.

Resistant hypertension is a condition in which blood pressure remains above the ideal value (120/80mmHg), despite concurrent use of three antihypertensive agents of different classes taken at maximally tolerated doses. Amiloride, a potassium-sparing diuretic agent, when added to the treatment regimen of these drugs has been found suitable for the management of resistant hypertension, especially in diabetic patients and those resistant to a similar diuretic, spironolactone. Currently, it is available as an oral tablet, administered once daily. The oral bioavailability of amiloride is 50%, which gets reduced to 30% when administered with food. In addition, gastrointestinal side effects are also reported. Patient’s adherence to the multi-drug treatment regimen has been found to be low in patients with resistant hypertension and hence, administering amiloride in the oral forms may not solve the problem, in spite of its proven pharmacological efficacy in such situations. Thus, considering the low oral bioavailability, associated side-effects, and prospects of better patient compliance with a skin patch of amiloride, our long term goal is to design a long-acting skin patch for transdermal delivery of amiloride in patients with resistant hypertension. The current study aims to investigate the passive transdermal delivery of amiloride and evaluate the effects of chemical and physical enhancement techniques on its permeation through dermatomed porcine ear skin. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for amiloride was developed. Absence of skin interference in the assay was confirmed using blank skin extract. Solubility of amiloride was screened in different solvents, some of which included propylene glycol, phosphate buffer saline, oleic acid in propylene glycol, etc. In vitro permeation of amiloride across intact and microneedle-treated (500 µm long stainless needles applied for 2 min) porcine ear skin was evaluated using Franz Diffusion cells over 30 h. The optimized reverse-phase HPLC method involved isocratic elution on Kinetex® 5 µm, 100 Ao, 250 X 4.6 mm C18 column using 100% mobile phase (0.2 M phosphate buffer, pH 4.5) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, column temperature of 40°C, and UV detection at 360 nm. Drug retention time was found to be around 4 min. Amiloride was found to be most soluble in propylene glycol (57.18 ± 2.41 mg/mL) with least solubility in phosphate buffer saline (0.311 ± 0.004 mg/mL). Microneedles were found to significantly enhance the permeation flux of amiloride by 16 folds as compared to the control intact skin (p

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.