In this paper, we examine the effects of market competition on corporate performance. In the first stage, we use Herfindahl-Hirschman Index to measure the degree of competition and markets are divided into three categories, namely competition, moderate competition and oligopoly. Fama-French is used to examine whether there is abnormal return existing in competition market. Then we use the index constructed by Chen, Kao, Tsao and Wu (2007) to decide the performance of internal governance and use it with competition degree to conduct the regression. This paper finds the following results, 1. the moderate competition market is reducing; 2. the portfolio of firms in competition markets outperforms that in oligopoly; 3. market competition has positive effect on ROA, ROE, EPS and Tobin¡¦s Q; 4. market competition and corporate governance are complementary.

Den 1 juli 2010 implementerades PSI-lagen i Sverige, syftet var att främja konkurrens och tillväxt i informationsförädlarbranschen. En bransch som beräknas ha en stor tillväxtpotential. Branschen saknar idag en egen klassifikation, vilket medför att branschens utveckling är svår att mäta. Denna studie avser att dels skapa en definition för informationsförädlarbranschen, och ta reda på vilka företagen i branschen är. Sedan kommer konkurrens och tillväxt i informationsförädlarbranschen att mätas för att undersöka om PSI-lagen haft någon inverkan på branschens utveckling. Resultatet visar att branschen består av 130 företag, år 2013, och att tillväxten och konkurrensen har förändrats sedan PSI-lagen implementerats.

Researchers have found considerable evidence that information about school performance affects people's choices about which schools to send their children to and even where to live. In contrast, little attention has been paid to the effects of school performance information on people's political behavior. Yet Hirschman (1970) famously highlighted the importance of taking seriously not only economic forces, but also the role of "political mechanisms", that is, "non-market forces" or "voice", in analyzing people's responses to school performance and the implications of these responses for school outcomes. This dissertation explores the effect of information about student and school performance on people's political attitudes and behavior. I first present findings from an original dataset of school board elections in Florida that indicate that voters fail to punish school board incumbents in response to information signaling poor school performance. There is even evidence that voters sometimes reward incumbents for failure. I next analyze a dataset that links student test scores in England to a subsequent survey, and find that that informational signals about individual student performance can have long−lasting effects on parental behavior. Finally, I analyze the results of a survey experiment administered to a nationally representative sample of Americans, and find that information about the relative performance of local schools depresses average perceptions of local school quality and increases support for school reforms. / Government

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Full text release at OhioLINK's ETD Center delayed at author's request

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2016-11-17T14:37:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 635324 bytes, checksum: 44b8b4d255b4364f077baa4e3c3565ab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-17T14:37:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 635324 bytes, checksum: 44b8b4d255b4364f077baa4e3c3565ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-06 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, analisar os setores de produção e de processamento de café na estrutura econômica de Minas Gerais, determinando a importância destes e seus encadeamentos na estrutura do Estado. O referencial teórico utilizado foi o modelo insumo-produto, bem como o de desenvolvimento regional. Foram calculados os índices de Rasmussen-Hirschaman, o campo de influência, os índices puros de ligações e 03 multiplicadores de produção, renda e emprego. Para tanto, utilizou-se a matriz regional de insumo-produto de 1995, para Minas Gerais. Os resultados decorrentes desta análise permitem caracterizar a estrutura produtiva de Minas Gerais, os seus setores-chave e o efeito multiplicador de cada setor econômico em termos de produção, renda e emprego. De acordo com os resultados, os setores considerados como chaves pelas abordagens adotadas (índice de Rasmussen-Hirschman e índice puro de ligação) e que apresentaram grande campo de influência foram: (4) Produtos não metálicos, siderurgia e metalurgia, (5) Mecânica, material elétrico e material de transportes e (10) Outras lndustrias de Produtos Alimentares. Quando se consideram apenas o índice de Rasmussen-Hirschman e o campo de influência, inclui-se entre os setores-chave o setor (1) Café em coco, (6) Produtos de madeira, papel, borracha e plástico e (9) Indústria do café. Com relação a análise dos multiplicadores, observou-se que os setores: (4) Produtos não metálicos, siderurgia e metalurgia, (9) Indústria do Café e (10) Outras Indústrias de Produtos Alimentares foram os que apresentaram os maiores valores em termos de geração de produto; os setores (13) Comércio, (2) Agropecuária e (3) Café em coco, em termos de geração de renda; e 03 setores (16) Serviços, (1) Café em coco e (2) Agropecuária em termos de geração de emprego. Por meio desses resultados, pode-se inferir que a indústria de café apresenta fortes Iigações para trás; já o setor de produção de café é importante em termos de encadeamentos para trás e para frente. O setor de produção do café também apresentou poder de contribuir para a geração de renda e emprego na economia mineira e a indústria de café, para a geração de produto. Em face dos resultados, conclui-se que políticas que incentivam o aumento no consumo de café podem, de maneira indireta, produzir o crescimento no próprio setor e nos outros setores da economia. Tendo em vista que a indústria de café torrado e moido tem capacidade para crescer e modernizar-se para ampliar a sua competitividade, é também um setor com potencial para receber investimentos. / The objective of this work was to analyze the coffee production and processing sectors in Minas Gerais’s economic structure, determining their importance and linkages in the structure of the State. The theoretical referential used in this research were the input-output model and the regional development. The indexes Rasmussen-Hirschman, fields of influence, pure linkages and production, income and employment multipliers were calculated using the regional input-output matrix of Minas Gerais for the year 1995. The analysis results allowed the characterization of Minas Gerais’ productive structure, its key-sectors and the multiplying effect of each economic sector in terms of production, income and employment. According to the results, the sectors that were considered keys by the used approaches (Rasmussen-Hirschman and pure linkage indexes) and presented great field of influence, were: (4) non-metallic products, siderurgy and metallurgy, (5) mechanical, electric material, and transport material and (10) other industries of food products. When only the indexes Rasmussen-Hirschman and field of influence were considered, the key-sectors (1) coffee bean, (6) wooden, paper, rubber and plastic products and (9) coffee industry were included. In relation to the multiplier analysis, the sectors (4) non-metallic products, siderurgy and metallurgy, (9) coffee industry and (10) other industries of food products gave the highest values for product generation; the sectors (13) commerce, (2) farming and (3) coffee beans for income generation; and the sectors (16) services, (1) coffee beans and (2) farming for employment generation. Through these results one can infer that the coffee industry has strong backward linkages; however the coffee production sector is important in terms of backward and fonNard linkages. The sector of coffee production also showed capacity to contribute to income and employment generation in the State’s economy, and the coffee industry for product generation. In agreement with results, the work concluded that politics that stimulate the increase of the coffee consumption can, in indirect way, result in the growth in all sectors of the economy. The coffee processing industry is a potential sector to receive investments because it has the capacity to grow and to modernize, increasing its competitiveness. / Dissertação importada do Alexandria

This study seeks to determine if media ownership diversity remains at levels widely considered to be competitive and acceptable, despite consolidation within the media industry. The research augments the many studies analyzing programming diversity within the U. S. media industry. Rather than analyzing programming content, this study addresses ownership diversity by examining the diversity of media ownership within the context U. S. model, considered to be more of a decentralized, market-driven media industry when compared to other countries such as the United Kingdom or Canada. To measure diversity, the HerfindahlHirschman Index (HHI)—a measure of economic diversity widely used by economists as well as government regulatory agencies—is used. Suggestions are presented for the future of media and regulation to insure a competitive, diverse, and healthy media industry.

Submitted by Rodolfo Rodriguez (rodolfo.rodriguez@itau-unibanco.com.br) on 2010-06-02T12:00:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Rodolfo_Rodriguez.pdf: 513830 bytes, checksum: 559d56f7d39065af19e2fb8f14ce69d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Daniella Santos(daniella.santos@fgv.br) on 2010-06-02T12:14:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Rodolfo_Rodriguez.pdf: 513830 bytes, checksum: 559d56f7d39065af19e2fb8f14ce69d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-06-02T14:06:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Rodolfo_Rodriguez.pdf: 513830 bytes, checksum: 559d56f7d39065af19e2fb8f14ce69d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-16 / Insurance markets under supervision of SUSEP have shown decrease in number of companies and increase in Herfindahl Hirschman Index. This potential issue is undermined by Gini Index and other market Power tests that indicate that prices were not affected accordingly. International experience shows concentration to be higher in life insurance than non life insurance. This fact has impact in prices, which are higher in life insurance market, and indicates relevant differences between life and non life insurance markets. / Os mercados de seguros regulados pela SUSEP apresentaram queda no número de empresas e elevação no índice de concentração de Herfindahl Hirschman. O que parece um quadro preocupante no âmbito da regulação é atenuado pela diminuição do índice de Gini e outros testes de poder de mercado que não indicam que esta queda no número de empresas tenha tido impacto sobre o nível de preços. Assim como esperado a partir da evidência internacional, a concentração é maior nos mercados de seguros de vida do que nos não-vida. Este fato tem reflexo nos preços, que apresentam patamares mais altos nos seguros de vida, indicando diferença mais substancial entre mercados.

After the financial crisis, several comparison websites have emerged for private lenders to enable comparison on mortgage terms. The idea behind the comparison pages is that they should be used by the private borrower. On June 1, 2015, a new directive emerged from the Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority to the credit institutes that instead of the list interest, the average interest rate that the lenders offer their customers should be the one published, in order to further increase the transparency of the price. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether competition in the mortgage market has improved after the introduction of the comparison websites and the effects of the increased price transparency. In order to investigate the competition on the mortgage market, the theory of market forms and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index has been applied. The result of the study shows that the concentration of competition has increased over time. This study also shows that the comparison pages have contributed to increased price transparency that has contributed to consumers information about the market. This study is limited to the Swedish mortgage market. / Efter finanskrisen har flertalet jämförelsesidor uppkommit för att möjliggöra jämförelser av räntor och villkor på bolån. Jämförelsesidor ska förenkla processen att jämföra de olika långivarna. Den 1 juni 2015 kom ett nytt direktiv från finansinspektionen till långivarna att istället för listräntan ska den genomsnittliga räntan som långivarna ger sina kunder vara den som publiceras, för att öka pristransparensen ytterligare. Denna studies syfte är att undersöka hur konkurrensen på bolånemarknaden har förändrats efter jämförelsesidornas tillkomst med HHI-index och konkurrensteori. Teori om marknadsformer och Herfindahl-Hirschman Index att tillämpas för att undersöka konkurrensen. Resultatet av studien visar att koncentrationen av konkurrensen har ökat över tid. Denna studie visar även att jämförelsesidorna har bidragit med ökad pristransparens som har bidragit till konsumenternas information om marknaden. Studien är avgränsad till den svenska bolånemarknaden.

Pourquoi et comment les grandes entreprises traitent-elles les réclamations de leur clientèle ? Quels effets ce traitement a-t-il sur les régulations internes des firmes ? Que peut espérer le réclamant ? Cette thèse se propose de traiter ce faisceau de questions par une enquête ethnographique menée dans deux grandes entreprises françaises. S’appuyant sur l’outillage analytique développé par Albert O. Hirschman, elle propose une description historique et sociologique des pratiques de traitement des réclamations. Ainsi, elle souhaite contribuer à la problématique de l’influence du destinataire final d’une marchandise sur les entreprises qui la produisent et la vendent. / Why and how do large companies deal with customer complaints? What effects does this treatment have on the internal regulation of firms? What can the customer expect? This thesis proposes to deal with this set of questions by an ethnographic survey conducted in two large French companies. Based on the analytical tools developed by Albert O. Hirschman, it provides a historical and sociological description of the complaint-handling practices. Thus, it wishes to contribute to the question of the influence of the client of a commodity on the companies that produce and sell it.

Syftet med studien är att analysera förändringen i de svenska partiernas politiska program genom att tillämpa Public Choice skolans modeller. Med hjälp av medianväljarteoremet och Hotellingmodellen analyseras om modellerna är tillräckligt beskrivande för Sveriges partiförflyttningar. Vidare beräknas Herfindahl-Hirschman index för graden av maktkoncentration på den politiska ”marknaden”. Herfindahl-Hirschman indexet visar att koncentrationen på den politiska marknad blivit lägre över tid, viket indikerar på att konkurrensen mellan partierna blivit allt högre under perioden 1973-2014. För att analysera om det går att förklara förändringar i partiernas politik under perioden 1973-2014 tillämpas medianväljarteoremet. En diskussion kring testning av modellen görs samt en illustration hur medianväljarteoremet skulle kunna se ut för Sveriges partier. För att analysera om en endimensionell skala är beskrivande för de svenska partiernas förflyttningar har Hotellingmodellen tillämpats. Genom att illustrera dessa två modeller på Sveriges partier undersöks om modellerna ger en tillfredställande beskrivningar av förändringen i de svenska partiernas politiska program. Analysen ger vid handen att att Medianväljarmodellen inte förklarar förändringarna i partiernas politik på ett tillräckligt utförligt sätt. Hotellingmodellen kan bättre förklar både de svenska partiernas förflyttningar på vänster-högerskalan samt förändringar i partiernas politik. Utöver de nämnda modellerna konstateras att den enskilda faktor som är mest betydelsefull för hur partierna ändrat sina politiska program är partiernas beroende av väljarnas åsikter. / The aim of the study is to analyze changes in the Swedish political parties programs by applying the Public Choice approach. With help from the median voter theorem and the Harold Hotelling model, the paper analyzes if these models are sufficiently descriptive of Swedens political parties movements. A Herfindahl-Hirschman index is constructed which shows changes in concentration of political power over time. The Herfindahl-Hirschman index shows that the degree of concentration in the Swedish political “market” has become lower over time, which indicates that the party competition has increased during the period 1973-2014. In order to analyze whether it is possible to explain changes in the parties’ policies during the period 1973-2014 the median voter theorem is applied. A discussion about how this model can be tested is done as well as an illustration of how the median voter theorem could look like for the parties in Sweden. To analyze whether a one-dimensional scale is descriptive of the movements of the Swedish parties, the Harold Hotelling model is also applied. By illustrating these two models on Swedens parties, the paper investigates whether these models provide a satisfactory descriptions of the change in the Swedish parties political programs. The analysis concludes that the median voter theorem does not explain the changes in the parties politics in a sufficiently detailed manner. It is revealed that the Harold Hotelling model provides a better description for both the Swedish parties movements at the left-right scale and for the changes in the parties politics. In addition to the models mentioned the factor that that is most important for how the parties changed their political programs is the parties’ dependence of the voters opinions.