The aim of this research is to find out more about traditional music in Gambian society, to get a wider view of the tradition and what is happening to traditional music in a modern society. Furthermore, I want to find out if the informers consider that the traditional music is fading away from the society and if, in that case, any actions are being taken to preserve the tradition. The research question is: How do the traditional masters in the Gambia consider the role of traditional musicians in a modern society?   The research method consists of making observations at Maali’s Music School and in the E.C.C.O cultural camps in Njawara and Berefet, and interviews with traditional masters of different tribes.   The results of the interviews show that the informers consider that the traditional music is ‘fading away’ from the society, that the role of traditional music in the society is changing and that there is no great support or protection for traditional music in the Gambia. Documentation of the music and interviews made by researchers from abroad often ends up in Europe and is seldom returned back to the informers. With regard to things that could be done to keep traditional music alive, the informers give the examples of building schools for teaching the tradition, teaching traditional songs in the ordinary schools and finding places for traditional masters to gather, where they can discuss, teach and play together.

Ephorus was an historian held in high esteem by ancient authors, but his reputation has not fared as well among modern scholars. He has been accused of apolitical simplicity, lack of judgment in selecting sources, political bias, and, most damagingly, choosing or even distorting his material for the purpose of creating moral exempla. This characterization, however, is unfair to Ephorus and his History. Analysis of the fragments does not reveal an explicitly moral purpose to his work, thus he must be freed from the negative implications that such a purpose entails. Nevertheless, as this study will demonstrate, Ephorus did have a concept of ideal communities and how they functioned to ensure internal concord and external security, one that apparently approached historical reality in Scythia and Crete. Both communities, according to Ephorus, are characterized by an aversion to wealth, harmony amongst citizens, and shared communal ownership and responsibility. These themes appear again in Ephorus’ narrative of the 5th and 4th centuries, most prominently in the histories of Athens, Sparta, and Thebes. Furthermore, these themes are related to philosophical and political discourses of the 4th century found in the major philosophical schools. Thus, while Ephorus should not be considered a moral historian, his worldview was shaped by the philosophy of the 4th century, which helped in the creation of an organized, though possibly overly schematized, understanding of history. / text

1918–1940 m. Lietuvos Respublikos nepriklausomybės laikotarpis sietinas su nacionalinio Lietuvos istorijos mokslo institucionalizacijos proceso pradžia. Šios disertacijos tyrimo objektas − nepriklausomos Lietuvos istorikų bendrija ir istorijos mokslo profesionalizacijos pradžia. Pagrindinė nagrinėjama problema – žmonės sudarę aptariamojo laikotarpio istorikų bendriją, kurie modernios nacionalinės istoriografijos formavimosi pradžioje ėmėsi istorijos tyrimų. Keliamas klausimas kas juos siejo ar skyrė. Disertacijos tikslas - išanalizuoti 1918–1940 m. Lietuvos istorikų bendrijos sudėtį ir profesionalizacijos ypatybes. Keliami uždaviniai ištirti istorikų: specialybės išsilavinimą, kvalifikacijos kėlimo aplinkybes, atskleisti socialinių kolektyvinės biografijos aspektų (teritorinės ir socialinės kilmės, etninės ir konfesinės priklausomybės, lyties ir šeimos faktoriaus) poveikį istorikų profesionalizacijai, amžiaus grupes ir kartų santykių problemas, ideologines pažiūras ir konkurencinę kovą ,,istorikų lauke‘‘, profesinę struktūrą – darbą, veiklą ir narystę istorijos mokslo institucijose ir istorikų pragyvenimo šaltinius. Tyrime nepriklausomos Lietuvos istorikų bendriją sudaro 52 asmenys. Šio darbo naujumas ryškiausiai matosi mėginant pasirinkus atrankos kriterijų, nustatyti profesionalių nepriklausomos Lietuvos istorikų skaičių, socialinę bendrijos struktūrą išskiriant jų grupes bei apibrėžiant šios bendrijos ,,ribas“. Istorikų ,,bendrijų” studijos praplečia istoriografijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Period of the Independence of the Republic of Lithuania in 1918–1940 is associated with the beginning of the process of institutionalization of national Lithuanian historical science. The object of this dissertation is the community of historians of the independent Lithuania during 1918–1940 and the beginning of its professionalization. The main problem analyzed in this dissertation is the group of people who composed the community of historians. The main aim is to reveal the composition of the community of historians of 1918−1940 Lithuania and the features of its professionalization. The author sets the following tasks to be explored: education of historians, conditions for the obtaining of qualification, social aspects of collective biography (territorial and social origin, ethnical and confessional dependence, factor of gender) and its influence on the professionalization of historians, age groups and the problems of intercourse between the generations of historians, ideological creeds and competition inside the historical field, professional structure – work, activity and membership of historians in the scientific organizations and means of their subsistence. According to the following criterions of selection − how many historians had lived and worked in 1918–1940 Lithuania, gained the education as historians and published their works on the subject of history, the community of historians consists of 52 persons.12 (23 %) of them had the lectureship in Vytautas Magnus... [to full text]

Period of the Independence of the Republic of Lithuania in 1918–1940 is associated with the beginning of the process of institutionalization of national Lithuanian historical science. The object of this dissertation is the community of historians of the independent Lithuania during 1918–1940 and the beginning of its professionalization. The main problem analyzed in this dissertation is the group of people who composed the community of historians. The main aim is to reveal the composition of the community of historians of 1918−1940 Lithuania and the features of its professionalization. The author sets the following tasks to be explored: education of historians, conditions for the obtaining of qualification, social aspects of collective biography (territorial and social origin, ethnical and confessional dependence, factor of gender) and its influence on the professionalization of historians, age groups and the problems of intercourse between the generations of historians, ideological creeds and competition inside the historical field, professional structure – work, activity and membership of historians in the scientific organizations and means of their subsistence. According to the following criterions of selection − how many historians had lived and worked in 1918–1940 Lithuania, gained the education as historians and published their works on the subject of history, the community of historians consists of 52 persons.12 (23 %) of them had the lectureship in Vytautas Magnus... [to full text] / 1918–1940 m. Lietuvos Respublikos nepriklausomybės laikotarpis sietinas su nacionalinio Lietuvos istorijos mokslo institucionalizacijos proceso pradžia. Šios disertacijos tyrimo objektas − nepriklausomos Lietuvos istorikų bendrija ir istorijos mokslo profesionalizacijos pradžia. Pagrindinė nagrinėjama problema – žmonės sudarę aptariamojo laikotarpio istorikų bendriją, kurie modernios nacionalinės istoriografijos formavimosi pradžioje ėmėsi istorijos tyrimų. Keliamas klausimas kas juos siejo ar skyrė. Disertacijos tikslas - išanalizuoti 1918–1940 m. Lietuvos istorikų bendrijos sudėtį ir profesionalizacijos ypatybes. Keliami uždaviniai ištirti istorikų: specialybės išsilavinimą, kvalifikacijos kėlimo aplinkybes, atskleisti socialinių kolektyvinės biografijos aspektų (teritorinės ir socialinės kilmės, etninės ir konfesinės priklausomybės, lyties ir šeimos faktoriaus) poveikį istorikų profesionalizacijai, amžiaus grupes ir kartų santykių problemas, ideologines pažiūras ir konkurencinę kovą ,,istorikų lauke‘‘, profesinę struktūrą – darbą, veiklą ir narystę istorijos mokslo institucijose ir istorikų pragyvenimo šaltinius. Tyrime nepriklausomos Lietuvos istorikų bendriją sudaro 52 asmenys. Šio darbo naujumas ryškiausiai matosi mėginant pasirinkus atrankos kriterijų, nustatyti profesionalių nepriklausomos Lietuvos istorikų skaičių, socialinę bendrijos struktūrą išskiriant jų grupes bei apibrėžiant šios bendrijos ,,ribas“. Istorikų ,,bendrijų” studijos praplečia istoriografijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

This dissertation analyses academic military history and the writing of the World Wars in Canada. While there have been hundreds of books devoted to Canada???s role in the World Wars, few historians have examined the writing of that same history, or the archival records that were used to construct these narratives. It has been the official historians of the Department of National Defence who, for much of the twentieth century, have controlled the historical writing of the World Wars, and that military history has been narrowly defined as the history of military operations. Training, administrating and operational war-fighting remained the focus. Only recently have academic military historians pushed the discipline of military history to explore the impact of the World Wars on Canadian society. Nonetheless, it remains the publications of A.F. Duguid, C.P. Stacy, Gilbert Tucker, Fred Hitchins, Joseph Schull, and more recent official historians that provide the central narrative when examining the writing on Canada???s World Wars. An exploration of key historians and their works reveals historical themes underpinning how memory and narrative of the World Wars has been constructed within historical writing. The official historians were the guardians of memory and controllers of the past. Caught within the battles of reputations that followed the World Wars, they were forced to carefully navigate through these contested issues. Laying an interpretative frame-work, the official historians allowed subsequent generations to build upon and rework their findings, through writing their histories but also by acting as the archivists for their respective services. While the official histories have their flaws, they are also exceptionally important foundational studies that deserve greater attention and study in their own right.

Zugl.: Frankfurt (Main), Univ., Diss., 2005

Thesis--Genève, Faculté des lettres, 1976. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [15]-46) and index.

Diss.--Technische Hochschule, Karlsruhe. / Description based on print version record. Bibliography: p. 109.

No description available.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)