Olu phando lohlalutyo lukwaluncomo-gxeko lwemisebenzi kaJolobe, injongo yalo kukubonisa ukuba lukho uqhagamshelwano phakathi kobomi bakhe jikelele kunye noncwadi lwakhe. Ulwazi olunjalo lungathi lube luncedo kwiphulo elibalulekileyo ekuncediseni kulwazi lokubhala ibhayografi yakhe. Kubonakele kufanelekile ukuba iphulo elinjalo lenziwe ukukhumbula imisebenzi emikhulu eyenziwe ngamaqhawe abantu abaNtsundu abathe banegalelo elikhulu ekuphakanyiswni koncwadi lwemvelo kwakunye nenkuqubela phambili kwimfundo yabantu abangama-Afrika beli lizwe. Umzekelo uJolobe ulusebenzele ukuba uncwadi lwakhe ukuxwayisa abantu bakowabo abaNtsundu ngemfundo nolwazi olwakhaya. Ukwalusebenzise uncwadi lwakhe ukuvusa abantu ama-Afrika balumke kwingozi zemimoya yocinezelo lwabo ngurhulumente ocalule abantu abaNtsundu kuba bebantsundu ngebala. Nangona uncwadi lwakhe ulenze lwabasisonwabiso kodwa ikhakhulu ulusebenzise kwanokunika intuthuzelo, ithemba kwanokomelela kubantu abathe bacinezelwe zimeko zobomi ukuba bangalahli ithemba loluzuza impumelelo, kuba izinto zingatshintsha ebomini babo ngokuhamba kwamaxesha. Kwakhona ukongeza uncwadi lwakhe ulusebenzise ukuphakamisa nokuhambisela phambili ulwimi lwemveli, inkcubeko, imbali ngokusebenzisa isixhobo esiluncwadi lwakhe ukuze ezi ngongoma zikhankanyisweyo zihlale ezincwadini zakhe ezithe zazisele zolwazi, zingabi nakuze zife kuba zililifa lesizwe esiNtsundu, Uninzi loncwadi olubhalwe nguJolobe luthe lwaxoxwa kwesi sifundo, kodwa kuye kwaphonongwa ikakhulu uncwadi lwemibongo, inoveli idrama kuba kubonakele ukuba lo msebenzi ubanzi kakhulu kwaye esi sifundo kubonakele ukuba kungabanzima ukuba singagqibeka lula, kodwa ke uJolobe ubengumntu okhutheleyo. Ubhale incwadi eziliqela ngenxa yothando lwakhe lobhalo loncwadi oluqhutywe ngumbono wakhe wobuthandazwe, wokubona kubalulekile ukuba inani loncwadi olubhaliweyo esiXhoseni linyuke kwaye libe kwizinga eliphezulu, ukuze umzi wasemaXhoseni nowamanye ama-Afrika ngokubanzi ungalambathi ngoncwadi lokufunda ujongelwe phantsi ngokuba semva kwinkqubela phambili zezinye izizwe Ingokuphandle uncwadi lukaJolobe lubonakela luyinxenye yobomi bakhe. Kulunye uncwadi kwakhe kufumaniseka ukuba ukubhale endululwe zizinto ezithe azamphatha kakuhle ebomini bakhe zazaza ezo zinto zawuphazamisa umoya wakhe, nentlalo yakhe wada waqanda ukuba makabhale aphokoze okukuphuphuma kwengcinga zakhe ukuzithuthuzela kwanokuphilisa kwanabanye abantu abathe badibana neenzima ezinjalo zobomi. Umzekelo: iimeko zopolitiko zeli lizwe zithe zabuchaphazela ubomi bakhe, oko kubesisiphumo sokuba abhale incwadi yakhe yedrama apho adiza ngeemeko zokuphatheka kwabantu baseBhayi kwilokishi eyathi yabelwa bona ngurhulumnte wobandlululo, apho ebexelenga khona njengetitshala kwanoMfundisi weliZwi. Kanti noncwadi apho athe wabonisa ukuvuya khona olo luvuyo olusukela kwinto ethe yamvuyisa emalunga nobomi bakhe, izimvo zakhe kwanenkolo yakhe njengomntu, kwanendlela akhule ngayo. Umzekelo, uJolobe uye wazisa abafundi bakhe ukuba iimbalo zakhe zisukele kwizinto ezithe zamchukumisa ebomini bakhe. Ngoko ke kwabonakala ukuba olu phando luluncedo ekusungulweni kweprojekti yokubhalwa kwebhayografi kaJolobe neya kuba luncedo kwimisebenzi yophando olubalulekileyo kuncwadi kuba iincwadi ezinje zityebile ngolwazi olubalulekileyo ekungena kucingelwa ukuba lunokufunyanwa kulo.

555 pages / This study focuses on the development of harmonic vocabulary in Bulgarian music. It analyzes the incorporation of harmony in village music from the 1930s to the 1990s, "wedding music" from the 1970s to 2000, and choral and instrumental arrangements (obrabotki, creations of the socialist period (1944-1989). This study also explains that terms which are frequently applied to Bulgarian music, such as "westernization," "socialist-style arrangements," or "Middle Eastern influence," depict sophisticated networks of codified and non-codified rules for harmonization which to date have not been studied. The dissertation classifies different approaches to harmony in the above mentioned styles and situates them in historical and cultural contexts, examines existing principles for harmonizing and arranging Bulgarian music, and establishes new systems for analysis. It suggests that the harmonic language of the layers of Bulgarian music is based upon systems of rules which can be approached and analyzed using Western music theory. TV1y analysis of harmony in Bulgarian music focuses on representative examples of each style discussed. These selections are taken from the most popular and well-received compositions available in the repertoire. / 10000-01-01

According to Chiwome, ' ... a writer's social vislon is a soclo-spiritual and historical product. A response to a complex process of Indoctrination' (1996: 16).The response can be a reaction depending on whose interests the issue is considered. The Ndebele novelist finds himself caught in the crossfire between two great traditions. He tries to be true to his background while still having to do justice to his newly acquired skill of graphically presenting his thoughts, feelings, and experiences He is a Victim of socio-political systems bent on giving education which moulds the mind to built-in- choices. Both poilitical eras use the printed word to further their ideologies . The Ndebele novelist finds himself having to remould his artistic genius if he is to fit in. In the process the goals of novelistic practice are missed. The novel will not communicate effectively since it has to answer to particular external forces. These forces derive,' ... from the urge of power to protect itself, to perpetuate itself, to prevail' (Chiwome 1996 :22). On the threshold of the two eras, the novel becomes a political statement. It Is this political aspect of the novel which continues to create what Chiwome (1996) has called creative timidity and mediocrity. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

M.A. / Since 1983 there has been a revival in the publication of one-act plays in Zulu. The study attempts to examine a new aspect, namely theme, in one-act plays. In order to highlight the thematic shift in one-act plays, the themes in full-length plays are examined and a comparison is then made to see how the themes in one-act plays differ from these. The study is based on certain aspects of the theory of Semiotics and works with concepts proposed by Pfister (1988) namely: a) A-perspectival structure b) Open perspective structure c) Closed perspective structure There seems to be a change in what dramatists are focusing on in their plays. This change is discussed and it is established to what extent the shift has occurred.

D.Litt. et Phil. / The demolition of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the unification of the two Germanies less than a year later led to a search for a new national identity - a process in which German history was reconsidered. This initiated a number of debates about how the German past, especially the atrocities that had been committed during the fascist era, should be remembered. There was a strong tendency to downplay guilt and to consider this chapter of German history closed. Eventually, however, the opposite tendency gained prominence in public discourse. Particularly around 1995, the fiftieth anniversary of the end of World War II, and in subsequent years German society appears to be more interested in history than before. This thesis examines the role that novels and short stories, which were published in Germany during the nineties, played in the process of re-evaluating the German past. Taking into account that the telling of stories is a crucial element of remembrance, authors of fictional works that deal with the past, in whatever way, contribute to the collective memory of a nation. The seven chapters of this thesis examine different aspects of redefining the past. Attacks on authors like Christa Wolf and Giinter Grass and other intellectuals, especially by the conservative media, demonstrated that traditional perspectives were reconsidered. The ensuing debate, and how authors responded in their works, is examined in the first two chapters. The third chapter traces the effects that unification had particularly for those who had lived in the GDR and who were now struggling to reposition themselves in the historic process. The novels analysed reveal that unification affected West Germans to a much lesser extent. The following three chapters deal with the huge impact that a guilt-ridden past had and still has on the lives of Germans. A number of novels show that family life was severely affected by the historical burden which older generations were carrying, and that the silence which surrounded this burden was an irritating factor for younger generations. Authors of all ages try to come to terms with this issue in various ways, especially in autobiographical works. One dominant insight arises from most of the texts: the German language is often regarded as contaminated, and German daily life - in both the GDR and the FRG - was strongly influenced by the lack of communication between the generations. In this context those works that deal with the relationship between Jews and others are of particular interest. The final chapter discusses works published in 1997 and 1998

No description available.

Magister Artium - MA / 'n Ondersoek na die armoede-diskoers en die uitings patriargie, bloedskande en apartheid in Triomf van Marlene Van Niekerk. / South Africa

Entreprenant l'étude du Roman Catholique Contemporain, nous nous sommes heurté à plusieurs difficultés. Comment maintenir un titre que renieraient les auteurs des romans que nous abordions? Uhamimement, faisant écho à la voix de Francois Mauriac, quelques décades plus tôt ils, déclarent qu'ils ne sont pas des romanciers catholiques mais des catholiques qui font des romans, rejetant une étiquette qui engagerait d'autres que leur propre personne. Comment, pourtant, choisir un titre qui ne correspondît pas à la vraie nature de ce qui devait être exposé? Nous avons donc décidé de nous en tenir à notre idée première, tout en avertissant qu'un romancier catholique ne se veut pas le porte-parole certifié de l'Eglise mais est un écrivain qui transpose dans son oeuvre le résultat de son experience et sa réflexion personnelle, éclairée à la lumiere de sa foi. Le second probleme était celui des limites à imposer à ce travail. II s'est révélé impossible d'examiner d'une facon exhaustive, une production littéraire trop vaste. Un choix s'est imposé. Nous avons, en accord avec les critiques éprouvés, résolu de porter notre attention sur les cinq auteurs les plus marquants: Roger Bésus, Jean Cayrol, Gilbert Cesbron, Luc Estang, et Paul-André Lesort. Là encore, le champ se découvrait trop vaste et il fallait se restreindre. Une nouvelle question surgissait: "Quels romans retenir dans la sélection définitive?" Nous avons inclus délibérément les premiers ouvrages en date, lorsque la critique, ne les présentait pas comme médiocres. Nous avons inscrit aussi les derniers, puisque celui qui fait le point, prolonge toujours sa courbe jusqu'aux données les plus récentes. Pour le reste, nous avons fait fond sur le jugement des sociétés littéraires et nous avons opté pour les publications primées par leur jury. Lorsque ce procédé restait insuffisant, nous nous en sommes encore remis, pour les additions supplémentaires, à l'opinion de la critique, conditionnant autant que possible notre choix au pro-rata de la production romanesque totale de chaque auteur, et prenant soin de ne mutiler en aucun cas un diptyque ou un triptyque. C'est ainsi que la liste des ouvrages sélectionnés se présente comme suit: [ … ] / Arts, Faculty of / French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department of / Graduate

This thesis presents a study of the metrics and prosody of the carmina latina epigraphica from the Roman provinces of North Africa, the purpose of which is to test the prevailing but unsubstantiated view that these carmina exhibit especially poor versification, and that in them can be observed a chronological decline in quality of versification. A representative corpus of dated carmina latina epigraphica africana is established, the inscriptions are subjected to an analysis of their metrics and prosody, and conclusions are drawn concerning the nature, extent and chronology of their deviation from classical standards of versification. The corpus of inscriptions has four introductory chapters, which form Part II of the study. The first describes the criteria according to which the texts have been chosen. The second, third and fourth present three premises on which analysis and interpretation of their versification are based; these concern the authorship of the carmina, the educational background of the authors, and the linguistic milieu in which they were composed. The core of the thesis is Part III, which comprises the texts of eighty-six dated carmina, analyses of their versification and commentaries on several features of their composition. Observations are offered regarding: the nature and possible causes of unclassical metric and prosodic phenomena; the extent to which an author deviates from literary norms, and the effect of his errors on a quantitative reading of the poem; a brief assessment of each author's understanding of and competence in the composition of classical quantitative verse; the graphic disposition of the text and its effect on the reader's recognition and recitation of the poetic content. Conclusions drawn from the data compiled in Part III include the following. Unclassical metric features characteristic of the corpus include the combination of different meters in one poem, the composition of hypermetric and hypometric lines and the intermixture of prose with lines of verse. Such phenomena are found in about one-half the texts. Prosodical irregularities fall into two main types: those that can be considered classical (ascribable to an author's application of classical licences); and those that are errors, most of which are attributable to the intrusion of certain unclassical phonological features of an author's everyday speech. Prosodical errors occur in about three-quarters of the texts. Four main observations are offered regarding the distribution of errors in the corpus. The extent to which individual authors adhere to literary norms varies widely; the majority of versifiers, however, have adhered sufficiently well that their works can be read quantitatively without serious hindrance. The presence of metric deviations in a poem carries no chronological significance, for these are fairly evenly distributed throughout the corpus; a general chronological decline in adherence to classical prosody is discernible from the first century to the fifth, with a reverse in the decline seen in poems dated to the last three centuries of the period. The presence in the corpus of several poems of unsound versification of very early date and of poems of sound versification of very late date proves that the practice of some scholars of dating otherwise undatable carmina according to their quality of versification is unsafe. Pagan authors tend to adhere slightly more closely than their Christian counterparts to classical metrics and prosody. Poems of reasonably sound metrics and prosody tend to be inscribed in such a way as to facilitate the reader's recognition and recitation of their poetic content, while poems of poor quality of versification tend to be inscribed haphazardly. Appendix I provides full scansion of each carmen. Appendix II lists initia carminum. / Arts, Faculty of / Classical, Near Eastern and Religious Studies, Department of / Graduate

The principal objective of this dissertation is to discuss music for unaccompanied trumpet and trumpet and tape composed after 1965. The discussion of these works will emphasize a method of preparation for each work. New techniques and effects that modern-day trumpet players will need to master will be pursued with relationship to each composition under consideration. Each chapter is dedicated to one composition. The introductory chapter discusses the execution of difficult leaps which is one of the most common challenges in the majority of modern trumpet music. Technique books and general suggestions in the improvement of this technique are emphasized. Chapter II features comments on Malcolm Arnold's Fantasy for Flat Trumpet which is the most "traditional" composition of the five works being surveyed. In Chapter III, Robert Henderson's Variation Movements, 1967 is discussed. The work has components of serialism which give way to tonally motivic material. The piece lends itself to a detailed analysis, although, for this purpose, a rather general discussion with some detail will make the musical decisions clearer. The fourth chapter discusses Stan Friedman's Solus. This composition features the use of pedal tones, aleatoric events, the open-tubing technique, tremolos, and slide glissandi. Some analysis as well as practice and performance suggestions are included in this chapter. Chapter V focuses on a work by John Elmsly entitled Triptych for trumpet and tape. In addition to some analysis of the work there are performance suggestions to enable synchronization between trumpet and tape. Chapter VI features Lucia Dlugoszewski's Space is a Diamond, the most experimental composition of the five being discussed. Innovative techniques utilized in the work include percussive bubble, glissando, flutter-tonguing, ricochet glissando, flap-tonguing, and whistle tone. New notational indications are also discussed. The examination of these compositions demonstrates increased technical demands and analytical skills that will be required by trumpet players / Arts, Faculty of / Music, School of / Graduate