The Israel/Palestine question, and its resonance for international peace and security, has turned into a central interest of the modern world. It also raises much controversy in the academic community. The Western support for Israel, a key factor in Israel's survival, is a significant feature of this issue. It has been revealed, through preceding studies, that Western policies towards Israel, foreign human rights policy for instance, are biased. The West appears biased, also, in what it produces about the question. Western products in the cinema and the mass media examined in this regard. How knowledge produced in the West is influenced by the pro-Israeli environment has been an academic concern. No empirical investigation, at the same time, has been made into how academic knowledge at university level treats the Israel/Palestine question. The popular belief about the scientific and impartial characteristics of Western knowledge has probably contributed to such a state of affairs. A sample of the most popular college level textbooks on the history of the Israel/Palestine question has been selected, through an extensive survey, to represent relevant Western knowledge. The selected textbooks have been analysed through a method of 'Historical Narrative Analysis' against a Zionist/pro-Israeli structure of Israel's history. The immediate context of the histories produced, the relevant historians and their background, are analysed to answer the second part of the key question of the research: ‘How the knowledge of history of the Israel/Palestine question is presented in Western academia, and why it has been presented in that particular way. The results of the first analysis, a textbook analysis, support the claim that textbook knowledge on the question is mainly pro-Israeli in bias. In relation to the question 'why', the analysis offers the 'Jewish pro-Israeli producer' as the main factor that can explain that bias in the products. Another factor is identified in this analysis as well; the relevant knowledge has been produced in a certain, American or Israeli, national and educational environment.

Thesis--Universitat Bar Ilan, ha-meḥlaḳah le-limude Erets Yiśraʼel ve-arkhiʼologiyah ʻa.s. Martin (Zus); Ph. D., May 2004. / "Martin (Szuz) Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology." Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Universiṭah ha-ʻIvrit bi-Yerushalayim,1985. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 282-298).

Dissertation: Universitat Bar Ilan, ha-meḥlaḳah le-limude Erets Yiśraʼel ve-arkhiʼologiyah ʻa.s. Martin (Zus); Ph.D., May 2004 / "Martin (Szuz) Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology" Includes bibliography.

Julius Wellhausen is known as the father of the Classical form of the source hypothesis. The purpose of this thesis is to examine Wellhausen‘s life, his greatest works and his influences on the study of the Pentateuch, including observing the process that paved the way for him to become the bearer of this title. Lastly, whether his source hypothesis has any relevance with the study of the Pentateuch in this day and age will also be answered. In the first chapter the role of Old Testament, critics like Spinoza, Simon, Astruc, De Wette, Hupfeld, Reuss, Kuenen and Graf will be examined. They all played a part in establishing the source hypothesis to which Wellhausen gave its final form. The era of the Enlightenment got momentum in the beginning of the nineteenth century. This movement also played a major role in creating the environment in which a critical examination of the Bible and its sources could be done. Wellhausen was influenced by this new way of thinking and was helped by the findings of other Old Testament critics that preceded him. In chapter two, his student life and the role of his teacher Heinrich Ewald will be examined. One of Wellhausen‘s aims was to write a history of Israel. To execute this he required sources. In chapter three, the first chapter (Genesis) of his book, Die Composition des Hexateuchs will be examined to get an idea of the method he used in the recognition, grouping and dating of the sources. The sources he identified in Genesis were the Yahwist, Elohist, Jehovist and Q (book of the four covenants and later called the Priestly source). Wellhausen used these sources to construct a history of Israel. In Chapter four an examination of his Geschichte Israels up to the beginning of the Christian era will be done. His greatest work was most certainly, his Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels and in chapter five this masterpiece will be examined with special emphasis on the first part, namely Geschichte des Kultus. After Wellhausen has compared the different sources with each other, he came to certain conclusions. During the religion of Israel there was a development that can be traced from the earlier sources of the Yahwist(J), Elohist(E) to Deuteronomy(D) and finally to the Priestly Source(P). Early sources indicate that the worship of Israel was a spontaneous and free willing act. There were no rules regarding the place of worship, sacrifice, the sacred feasts and the clergy. In Deuteronomy this have now changed and laws were introduced regarding these aspects which the Israelites should adhere to. In the Priestly Source these laws are now assumed. From the outcome of these findings, it was clear for Wellhausen that the Priestly Source is the youngest of the sources. Therefore P should be dated in the exile or post-exilic period. Chapter six is a summary of Wellhausen‘s source hypothesis and how his source hypothesis assisted other scholars during their own research and findings. This study will close with a modern view on his source hypothesis and its relevance for today. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Old Testament Studies / unrestricted

[pt] A pluralidade do mundo em que vivemos nos obriga a tomarmos uma postura frente às mais variadas culturas. Particularmente quando hoje o tema da paz mundial é tão discutido e onde em nome das diferenças esta mesma paz é ameaçada, uma visão de acolhimento do diferente - seja no campo político, ecomônico e religioso - se faz necessária. Diante desse quadro, o presente trabalho pretende oferecer alguma contribuição no intuito de refletirmos acerca da abertura para a pluralidade à luz da Palavra de Deus revelada. Abordaremos a problemática do estrangeiro no oráculo de Is 56,1-8. Numa época em que havia uma forte tendência a um fechamento étnico, o profeta nos apresenta uma nova compreensão da realidade, convidando o povo a uma acolhida a ser encarada como vontade do próprio Deus. Ele mostra que mais importantes que os laços de sangue, os que deveriam ser considerados são os de fé, pois são estes que de fato constituem o autêntico membro do povo escolhido. Para chegar a este escopo, o presente trabalho estrutura- se em três etapas. Num primeiro momento procuraremos apresentar o status quaestionis do III Is. Em seguida, delimitaremos a perícope de Is 56,1-8 analisando o texto em seus aspectos formais, redacionais e teológicos. Por fim, apresentaremos a situação histórica do pós-exílio imediato e como compreendemos a perícope - na problemática do estrangeiro - nesse contexto histórico. / [en] The differences that we face in the world today, make us think about the most diversified cultures and make us have an opinion about each of them. Specially when the topic is the world peace which is so discussed and where in the name of the differences the same peace is threatened, a different point of view when it comes to accepting those differences, whether it be politics, economics or religious, that point of view is made necessary. Dealing with those issues, this work intends to offer some contribution, with the intention of thinking and understanding those differences, in the light of God´s Word reveled. Considering the problems faced by the foreigner, found in the oracle of Is 56,1-8, in a time where there was a strong tendency of racial exclusion, the prophet show us a new way to understand the reality, inviting the people to accept the different because that would be the will of God. He shows that blood bounds are not so important; it´s more important to be faithful to God, those are the true ones, the members of the chosen people. In order to accomplish this goal, this work is formed of three steps. First of all, we´ll present the status quaestionis of Third Isaiah. Second of all, we´ll made the delimitation of the text of Is 56,1-8 analysing its form, redaction and theological field. Finally, we´ll present the historical situation of the near postexile and how to understand the text - the problem of the foreigner - in this historical context.

[pt] O presente estudo aborda a experiência de Israel num dos momentos mais críticos de sua história que foi o período do exílio babilônico iniciado no ano de 586/7 a.C. Ez 37, 1-14 situa-se na segunda fase da pregação do profeta chamada proclamação de salvação, presente, sobretudo, nos capítulos 33-48 do livro. Nesta etapa de sua pregação, o profeta deseja confortar os exilados e levá-los ao arrependimento. Através da análise de Ez 37,1-14 descobriremos que YHWH nunca abandona o seu povo e, mesmo nesta situação critica, através da x:Wr, revela-se como Deus criador e salvador. Para atingir este fim, o presente estudo estrutura-se em duas etapas. Num primeiro momento, delimitaremos a perícope de Ez 37,1-14, analisando o texto em seus aspectos formais e redacionais. Por fim, abordaremos os aspectos teológicos do texto, perpassando pela época histórica do exílio a fim de compreendermos melhor a perícope num contexto de salvação como nova criação que acontece por meio da x:Wr. / [en] This actual study broaches the Israel experience in the most hard and critical moment of its history, known as the Babylonian Exile, which started in the year of 586/7 B.C. Ez 37,1-14, is placed in the second period of the prophet preaching. This period was called by “The Proclamation of Salvation”, what is mainly showed in the chapters 33-48. In this preaching stage the prophet wants to comfort exiled people and lead them to the regret. Analyzing Ez 37, 1-14, we find out that YHWH never leave His people, and even though being in that critical situation showed by the history, The Lord manifested Himself through the x:Wr as the Creator and Savior God. To reach this conclusion, this actual study is structured in two stages. Firstly, we bound the passage of Ez 37,1-14, and analyze the text in its formal aspects and its composition. Finally, we broach its theological aspects, passing by the exile historical time in order to comprehend the best passage of the context of the salvation as New Creation that happens through the x:Wr.

This diploma thesis deals with the withdrawal of Great Britain from Palestine and the reactions of the Zionist movement on her mandatory policy. In 1937, the British planed to divide the mandate between the Arabs and the Jews, terminate the administration and establish an alliance with the successor states. Disapproval of the Arab world, worsened security in Palestine and the threat of a war in Europe led the mandatory power to prolong the administration and restrict the jewish immigration.These meassures caused a deterioration of Anglo-Zionist relations. During the Second World War, the Zionist Organization put forward a request for the establishment of a Jewish Commonwealth in Palestine. No long after, the British restored their preparations for the termination of the mandate. As before the war, they sought for the pernament teritorial solution for postmandatory Palestine and new allies. Due to unstable geopolitical situation and the loss of her hegemonic position, Great Britain had to consider the attitudes of the Arab world and the United States of America.

This dissertation provides a survey of the available archaeological sources that have been discovered that help illuminate the history of the Northern Kingdom of Israel from King Omri (876 BCE) into the Assyrian Exile (721 BCE) of the Iron II a and b periods. This history is given in the Hebrew Scriptures as found in 1 Kings 16:16 to 2 Kings 17:6. To accomplish this research, several resources have been organized in a systematic approach. The artifacts and physical remains are examined in categories including: pottery, town planning, architecture, literacy and inscriptions, temples, gods, cult objects, metallurgy, weapons and warfare, weights and measures, farming, food preparation, music, jewelry, art, and burial. Photographs of several artifacts are included. With the background developed on the material culture, the next topic of importance to be considered is the archaeological sites and their relationship to this historic period. The relevant archaeological excavations and in-situ artifacts surveyed were found in areas of the former cultures including: Israel, Judah, Sinai, Edom, Moab, Amman, Lebanon, Syria, Aram, Assyria, Babylon and Persia. A vast number of these sited reveal information regarding the time period from King Omri, his son King Ahab and Ahab's wife, Queen Jezebel. There was interaction between Israel and Judah, and the kingdoms in Moab, Ammon, Lebanon, Aram, and Assyria. Eventually in 721 BCE many people were taken from the Israel into Exile and captivity by the Assyrians. The conclusion of this dissertation ties together the findings of the material sources with the historic events. The material sources have given considerable light on the history of the Northern kingdom as was given in the Hebrew Scriptures as is presented in this final section of the dissertation. / Religious Studies and Arabic / D.Litt. et Phil. (Biblical Studies)

This dissertation provides a survey of the available archaeological sources that have been discovered that help illuminate the history of the Northern Kingdom of Israel from King Omri (876 BCE) into the Assyrian Exile (721 BCE) of the Iron II a and b periods. This history is given in the Hebrew Scriptures as found in 1 Kings 16:16 to 2 Kings 17:6. To accomplish this research, several resources have been organized in a systematic approach. The artifacts and physical remains are examined in categories including: pottery, town planning, architecture, literacy and inscriptions, temples, gods, cult objects, metallurgy, weapons and warfare, weights and measures, farming, food preparation, music, jewelry, art, and burial. Photographs of several artifacts are included. With the background developed on the material culture, the next topic of importance to be considered is the archaeological sites and their relationship to this historic period. The relevant archaeological excavations and in-situ artifacts surveyed were found in areas of the former cultures including: Israel, Judah, Sinai, Edom, Moab, Amman, Lebanon, Syria, Aram, Assyria, Babylon and Persia. A vast number of these sited reveal information regarding the time period from King Omri, his son King Ahab and Ahab's wife, Queen Jezebel. There was interaction between Israel and Judah, and the kingdoms in Moab, Ammon, Lebanon, Aram, and Assyria. Eventually in 721 BCE many people were taken from the Israel into Exile and captivity by the Assyrians. The conclusion of this dissertation ties together the findings of the material sources with the historic events. The material sources have given considerable light on the history of the Northern kingdom as was given in the Hebrew Scriptures as is presented in this final section of the dissertation. / Religious Studies and Arabic / D.Litt. et Phil. (Biblical Studies)