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Denna uppsats har gjorts i hopp om att kunna bidra med kunskap om vad elever förväntas och vilka kunskaper de kan tillgodogöra sig genom undervisningen i svenskämnets språkhistoria. Studien har gjorts genom en dokumentstudie av tre samtida läroböcker för kursen svenska 3 för gymnasiet. Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka i vilket utsträckning läroböcker möjliggör språkhistorisk medvetenhet. För att besvara detta har huvudfokus legat på att ta reda på hur väl läroböckerna tillämpar begreppet och hur de motiverar nyttan i språkhistoria. Uppsatsens teoretiska ingång baseras på Jonathan Petterssons tankar om att undervisningen i språkhistoria kan bidra till att eleverna utvecklar en språkhistorisk medvetenhet. Det innebär att eleven kan sätta språkhistorien i relation till aktuella frågor i sin samtid och framtid, för att bygga upp ett förhållningssätt till sig själv och sin omgivning som språkvarelser. Undersökningen har visat att läroböckerna lyckas tillämpa begreppet i hög grad, genom att uppnå olika förutsättningar för att utveckla ett språkhistoriskt medvetande. Vad som är nyttan i det språkhistoriska ämnet är däremot inte något som tydligt motiveras i läroböckerna, vilket bekräftar tidigare forsknings tankar om att det råder oklarheter frågan. Avsaknaden av motiveringen speglar också nuvarande styrdokument som endast formulerar att de ska utveckla kunskaper i det svenska språkets ursprung. Sammanfattningsvis pekar därför studien på att läroböckerna i svenskämnet möjliggör utvecklandet av språkhistorisk medvetenhet. I ett större perspektiv antyder därför studien på att det finns goda möjligheter för begreppet språkhistorisk medvetenhet att ingå i svenskämnets språkhistoria, men att det fortfarande krävs att större forskning börjar intressera sig för frågan för att sätta större ljus på forskningsproblemet. Detta är också en nödvändighet för att möjliggöra en eventuell ändring i styrdokumenten i framtiden. / This essay have been written with hope in contributing with knowledge about what students are expected and what they can absorb through the teaching of the Swedish language history. The study has been done through a document study of three modern textbooks for the Swedish course 3 intended for high school. The purpose of the study has been to investigate the extent to which textbooks enable language-historical awareness. To answer this, the main focus has been on finding out how well the textbooks apply the concept and how they justify the usefulness in language history.  The theoretical approach is based on Jonathan Pettersson's thoughts of that the teaching of language history can contribute to the students developing a language-historical awareness. This means that the student can put the language history in relation to current issues in his or her contemporary and future, in order to build up an approach to themselves and their surroundings as language creatures.  The study has shown that the textbooks succeed in applying the concept of language-historical consciousness to a great extent, by achieving different conditions for developing a language-historical consciousness. What is useful in the language-historical subject on the other hand is not something that is clearly justified in the textbooks, which confirms the earlier research's thoughts that there are uncertainties within this question. The lack of justification also reflects the current curricula of Swedish that only states that they should develop knowledge in the origin of the Swedish language. To sum up, the study therefore indicates that the textbooks enable the development of language-historical awareness. In a larger perspective, the study therefore suggests that there are good opportunities for the concept of language-historical awareness to be included in the Swedish history language, but that it is still necessary for major research to start to take an interest in the issue in order to shed more light on the research problem. This is also necessary in order to enable a possible change in the curricula in the future.

L’objectif de la présente étude est de donner une certaine idée de la façon dont la langue basque a changé au cours des deux millénaires écoulés. Dans ce but, l’étude fournit une présentation problématisée du diasystème contemporain. Elle s’intéresse ensuite à un groupe de verbes considérés comme révélateurs de l’évolution du système. Elle présente les principaux acquis des études diachroniques basques et met en place des amorces de scénario de changement. Elle tente de comprendre la façon dont le diasystème latino-roman a pu conditionner l’évolution du diasystème basque. Enfin, elle offre un éclairage particulier à partir de l’exemple du vocabulaire de la parenté. / The objective of the present study is to give some idea on the way the Basque language has changed over the last two millennia. For this purpose, the study provides a structured overview of present Basque diasystem. It then focuses on a cluster of verbs considered indicative of the evolution of the system. It presents the main achievements of the Basque diachronic studies and puts first change scenarios forward. It aims to understand how the Latin Romance diasystem has conditioned the evolution of the Basque diasystem. Finally, it offers an insight dealing with the example of the kinship terminology.

This thesis examines the novels of George Sand (1804-1876) and analyses representative examples from her entire œuvre. Its overall aim is to re-evaluate Sand’s standing as a writer of intellectual interest and importance by demonstrating that she is engaging with a cultural and intellectual phenomenon of particular relevance to the nineteenth century: the link between different ways of seeing and knowledge or understanding, which I term ‘insight’. The visual dimension of Sand’s novels has so far been overlooked or reduced to a rose-tinted view of the world, and my study is the first to examine vision in her work. I argue that Sand demonstrates a continuous commitment to ways of engaging with the world in visual terms, incorporating conceptual seeing, prophetic vision, as well as physical eyesight. Contesting the prevailing critical view of Sand’s œuvre as one which declines into blandness and irrelevance after the 1850s, this thesis uncovers a model of expansion in her writing, as she moves from her focus on the personal in her early novels, privileging internal vision, to wider social concerns in her middle period in which she aims to reconfigure reality, to her final period in which she advocates the physical observation of the natural world. Rejecting the perception of Sand as a writer of sentiment at the expense of thought, this study argues that her writing constitutes a continuous quest for understanding, both of the physical world and the more abstract, eternal ‘vérité’. I show that Sand transcends binary divisions between science and art, the detail and the whole, the material and the abstract, and that she ultimately promotes a multidisciplinary approach to understanding the world. This also enables me to reassess Sand’s poetics by arguing that her rejection of the mimetic model is founded on her conception of the world as multiple and constantly evolving.