Recent welfare histories highlighting reformers, bureaucrats, and recipients of aid have added immeasurably to our understanding of welfare policy formation, but have ignored the extent to which the parameters of change were set by public opinion. Public opinion, informed by cultural values, constrained state action in ways that have been little explored. Examining the periodicals and newspapers of the mainstream, union, and African American presses as well as film, oral histories and autobiographies, I find differences by class and race, but also widespread and repetitive expressions of concerns shared by both races and by both the middle and lower middle classes. These included a strict standard of neediness, impatience with long-term aid, and a hierarchy of worthiness that privileged the previously middle-class over the working poor and families over unattached adults. In the broadest generalization, the story of is one of discontent. Ambivalence and discontent were present in the Progressive era with the inception of mothers' pensions and continued in the 1920s as social work professionalized and public and private aid increased. Discontent continued in the 1930s as public aid took on a complex and bureaucratized structure and as unprecedented need forced difficult decisions regarding worthiness and need. Throughout these changes the middle classes both created and reacted to the changing structure of welfare as they accepted or rejected programs based on a rough consensus of what constituted worthiness, need, and effective response. Many remained convinced that programs did not aid the right people sufficiently and aided the wrong people too much. Increasingly they felt estranged from those who ran the programs, the social welfare professionals. Assumptions, based in class, proved more powerful than idealogies such as gender (or maternal) solidarity and their stigma on poor adults equally as powerful as racial assumptions would come to be.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Also available in print.

<p> The purpose of this project was to write a grant proposal to fund a comprehensive mental health program for undocumented youth and young adults who qualified for DACA, and are residents of the City of Long Beach, and adjacent cities. Through receiving these direct services, the undocumented youth and young adults will gain skills to increase their overall well-being. </p><p> A literature review was conducted on the history of immigration in the United States, and policy as it relates to undocumented youth. Research was also conducted on evidence-based practices, with a focus on effectiveness in treating depression, anxiety, and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). After conducting research for potential funding sources, the grant writer concluded that the California Wellness Foundation was the best potential funder. </p><p> The actual submission of the grant proposal is not a requirement for the completion of this thesis.</p><p>

A case study in the politics of social provision, this dissertation uncovers the origins of a legal dispute between directors of a charitable trust and its female beneficiaries during the Progressive Era. In 1919 the poor women of Brattleboro, Vermont, legatees of the Thomas Thompson Trust, sued the Boston-based charity for mismanagement and demanded increased benefits and a role in monitoring trust allocations. An examination of charity case records, legal testimony, and local resources reveals the roots of their collective action in the experience of getting help. At a time when reformers were reconstructing charity to accommodate the shift from a moral to scientific approach to poverty, the case reveals the gender and class relations that shaped social policy. Highlighting the perspective of charity clients, the study shows how both providers and the needy constructed charity policy. Over the course of two decades, interaction among charity administrators, middle-class women, visiting nurses and poor, mostly native-born white women resulted in a medical definition of female poverty. Increased access to medical care and health education led beneficiaries to fashion a definition of female worthiness that combined recognition of their wage-earning with protection and support for ill health and old age. The shift from a moral to physical explanation of female poverty strengthened poor women's claims to direct relief while it encouraged charity administrators to develop health programs and to cultivate public support. Despite an alliance with civic leaders seeking local control over charitable funds, poor women failed to attain legal recognition of their claims, but they nonetheless modified trust policy. The redefinition of female poverty as a medical problem bolstered women's sense of entitlement and expanded health services for the poor and working-class community. Improved access to health experts, however, did little to resolve poor women's economic difficulties and helped undermine their sense of self-sufficiency as they adapted to middle-class assumptions about female weakness and invalidity.

No description available.

While XVII$\sp{\rm th}$ century France was fraught with wars, epidemics, never-ending riots, and famine, the name of Saint Vincent de Paul came to be associated with the notion of Charity. When Vincent became a priest at the age of 20, little did he realize the extraordinary role he would play in the history of the Counter-Reformation, with women as his principal allies. As a child, Vincent experienced the unique nurturing of his mother's love, and his devotion to the Virgin Mary would play a major part in his spiritual life. At 26, he established his first society of women to help the poor, known as Charite. Later on, he became the spiritual director of a young widow, Louise de Marillac. Their common love for the poor eventually led to the creation of the community of the Daughters of Charity. Unlike cloistered nuns, the members of this new secular community were for the most part peasant girls who were able to perform works of charity throughout France and abroad. A year after establishing the Daughters of Charity, Vincent was asked to form an assembly of aristocratic and bourgeois women in Paris to be given the name Ladies of Charity. These women helped finance most of his projects, and were the decision-makers in an effort to provide one of the first forms of social assistance to the entire country. As Vincent's notoriety spread far and wide, Anne d'Autriche and Louise-Marie de Gonzague, Queen of Poland, came to rely on his guidance for spiritual matters regarding their respective countries. Unlike many of his contemporaries, known for their anti-feminism, Saint Vincent de Paul had understood that women have an undeniable role to play as mediators in God's plan of love. The remarkable results of his collaboration with them mark an unprecedented phenomenon in the history of Catholicism and the promotion of women. This partnership is examined closely, along with its impact on the XX$\sp{\rm th}$ century.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-12T12:53:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Arnaldo de Oliveira Ramos.pdf: 4685759 bytes, checksum: 9cdad93a9946395956e2a9a342da1865 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-12T12:53:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Arnaldo de Oliveira Ramos.pdf: 4685759 bytes, checksum: 9cdad93a9946395956e2a9a342da1865 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-29 / The present dissertation will be elaborated from a pedagogical work focusing on the history of work in Brazil. The starting point will be the debate about photos produced by the students themselves recording various aspects of the work experiences in their social environment. From this use of the photographic language, the students' critical reflection on their place in society, their rights as citizens and workers (or future workers) will be stimulated. Subsequently, the work will continue with the reflection in the classroom about the reality portrayed in selected photographs of the exhibition "Work and Workers in Brazil". The systematization of this experience will generate a pedagogical action project that will be a suggestion of a script model so that other educators in the classroom can work with photography in the world of work. Our work has as axis the history of the work, citizenship and the image. The proposal goes beyond the discussion about image as a resource for research, because the point is image as a resource for teaching, with the critical and citizen purpose of generating resources and devices that interfere in the perception of the world of students through the specific focus In the history of work. We intend that the dissertation contains a critical-theoretical reflection on the question of the image and the awakening of consciousness. Our focus will be the students who are at the same time workers. However, the vast majority do not work in factories, but in other labor activities, such as in the service sector. The target audience are regular high school and youth and adult education (EJA) students living in the outskirts of the municipality of Nova Igua?u, in neighborhoods and sub-neighborhoods such as Gr?o Par?, Pantanal and localities known as "Guaxa" and "Sem Terra" and study at CIEP 356 - Augusto Ruschi, located in the same peripheral area. In the first chapter an overview of the history of work in Brazil during the republican period will be elaborated. While in the second chapter will be dedicated to the relationship between image and teaching. Finally, the third chapter will be the description of the work with the students reporting the conclusions reached / A presente disserta??o ser? elaborada a partir de um trabalho pedag?gico com foco na hist?ria do trabalho no Brasil. O ponto de partida ser? o debate sobre fotos produzidas pelos pr?prios alunos registrando diversos aspectos das experi?ncias de trabalho no seu meio social. A partir desse uso da linguagem fotogr?fica, ser? estimulada a reflex?o cr?tica dos alunos sobre o seu lugar na sociedade, seus direitos como cidad?os e trabalhadores (ou futuros trabalhadores). Posteriormente, o trabalho ter? continuidade com a reflex?o em sala de aula sobre a realidade retratada em fotografias selecionadas da exposi??o ?Trabalho e Trabalhadores no Brasil?. A sistematiza??o dessa experi?ncia gerar? um projeto de a??o pedag?gica que ser? uma sugest?o de modelo de roteiro para que outros educadores em sala de aula possam trabalhar com fotografia no mundo do trabalho. Nosso trabalho tem como eixo a hist?ria do trabalho, cidadania e a imagem. A proposta vai al?m da discuss?o sobre imagem como recurso para pesquisa, pois o ponto ? imagem como recurso para o ensino, com a finalidade cr?tica e cidad? de gerar recursos e dispositivos que interfiram na percep??o de mundo dos alunos e alunas por meio do foco espec?fico na hist?ria do trabalho. Pretendemos que a disserta??o contenha uma reflex?o cr?tico-te?rica sobre a quest?o da imagem e o despertar da consci?ncia. O nosso enfoque ser?o os alunos que ao mesmo tempo s?o trabalhadores. Contudo, a grande maioria n?o trabalha em f?bricas e sim em outras atividades laborais, como no setor de servi?os. O p?blico alvo s?o estudantes do Ensino M?dio regular e Educa??o de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) que moram na ?rea perif?rica do munic?pio de Nova Igua?u, em bairros e sub-bairros como Gr?o Par?, Pantanal e localidades de ocupa??o conhecidas como ?Guaxa? e ?Sem Terra? e estudam no CIEP 356 ? Augusto Ruschi, localizado na mesma ?rea perif?rica. No primeiro cap?tulo ser? elaborado um panorama da hist?ria do trabalho no Brasil durante o per?odo republicano. Enquanto que no segundo cap?tulo ser? dedicado ? rela??o entre imagem e ensino. Por fim, o terceiro cap?tulo ser? a descri??o do trabalho com os alunos relatando as conclus?es alcan?adas.

Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-11-09T16:51:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 OSMAEL MÁRCIO DE SENA OLIVEIRA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGH) 2018.pdf: 3305756 bytes, checksum: a22a17adeaff6093965d5ad87c62c2eb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-09T16:51:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OSMAEL MÁRCIO DE SENA OLIVEIRA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGH) 2018.pdf: 3305756 bytes, checksum: a22a17adeaff6093965d5ad87c62c2eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 / As casas de farinha foram por décadas os principais espaços de trabalho de muitas famílias agricultoras em Cuité-PB e região. Lugares de trabalho intenso e relações sociais, as casas produtoras de farinha de mandioca eram palco também de conversas e práticas de ajuda mútua. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo refletir sobre o mundo do trabalho dos agricultores e agricultoras que trabalharam nas casas de farinha de Cuité-PB, atentando para as suas memórias e experiências vivenciadas entre as décadas de 1950 e 1980. Nosso interesse consiste em analisar as representações destes homens e mulheres agricultores acerca de suas experiências no trabalho artesanal nas farinhadas, envolvendo as relações de trabalho, os aprimoramentos na unidade produtiva, e seu cotidiano para além do espaço de trabalho. O recorte temporal aqui estabelecido deve-se ao fato deste período contemplar a transição de aperfeiçoamentos em algumas etapas da produção de farinha, em especial a inserção do motor para a moagem das mandiocas. Este equipamento substituiu a roda de madeira, que era movida utilizando força braçal, consistindo numa atividade exclusivamente manual. A pesquisa parte da análise de fontes orais, e apresenta as perspectivas dos agricultores a respeito do seu mundo do trabalho, juntamente com as mudanças e vida fora dele. Através da metodologia da História Oral, entrevistamos um grupo composto por onze agricultores, sendo cinco homens e seis mulheres. Estes trabalhadores carregavam um conjunto de saberes e fazeres acerca do processo artesanal de produção da farinha, possuindo assim um caráter de exclusividade sobre o trabalho que realizavam. Suas lembranças acerca do ofício nas farinhadas apresentam também as relações de sociabilidade presentes nestes espaços: os laços de compadrio e ajuda mútua ocorriam enquanto práticas alternativas para resistir às difíceis condições enfrentadas. Com os aperfeiçoamentos nas unidades produtivas, os agricultores representam de maneira profícua as mudanças no ambiente de trabalho, atentando para os novos ritmos e adaptações exigidas. Suas representações acerca das farinhadas nos revelam também suas perspectivas e seu lugar social, de uma forma que suas vidas estão associadas ao trabalho. / The flour mills were by many decades the main workplaces for many farming families in Cuité-PB and nearby regions. Places of intense work and social relations, the houses producing cassava flour were also places of conversations and practice of mutual aid. This present work aims to reflect on the world of work of the farmers who work in the flour mills of Cuité-PB, paying attention to their memories and experiences between the decades of 1950 and 1980. Our interest is to analyze the representation of these men and women farmers about their experiences on handcraft work in the "farinhadas", involving the labor relations, the improvements in the productive unit, and their daily life beyond the workspace. The time period established here is due to the fact that this period contemplates the transition of improvements in some stages of flour production, in particular, the insertion of the motor for the milling of manioc. This equipment replaced the wooden wheel which was moved using the physical strength, consisting of an exclusively manual activity. The research starts with the analysis of oral sources and presents the perspective of the farmers on their world of work, along with the changes and life outside of it. Through Oral History methodology, we interviewed a group composed of eleven farmers: five men and six women. These workers carried a set of knowledge and practices about the artisanal process of flour production, thus possessing a character of exclusivity over the work they performed. Their memories about the craft in the "farinhadas" also exhibit the sociability relations present in these spaces: ties of fellowship and mutual help occurred, being alternative practices to resist the difficult conditions faced. With the improvements of productive units, the farmers in a meaningful way, represent changes in the work environment, taking into account the new rhythms and adaptations required. Their representations about the "farinhadas" also reveal their perspectives and their social place, in a way that their lives are associated with the work.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:00:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IsabelleIFR_DISSERT.pdf: 4469749 bytes, checksum: a9b8404d44b032a93ad62617bb2e8096 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-07 / Este trabalho investigou o processo criativo do espet?culo Ethnotron-Ghetto Experiment, do Coletivo paraibano Tribo ?thnos, fundado na d?cada de 1990 e ainda em atividade. A estrat?gia metodol?gica se d? atrav?s de estudos descritivos, valendo-se da teoria e pr?tica de diversas linguagens art?sticas presentes na obra apontada: artes visuais, performance, literatura e hist?rias em quadrinho; em a??es realizadas pelo Coletivo ao longo dos anos, objetivando descrever e analisar o processo de cria??o do referido espet?culo de dan?a, atrav?s da minuciosa coleta de dados por meio de entrevistas abertas e semiestruturadas, e da pesquisa e capta??o de materiais audiovisuais. A Tribo ?thnos destaca-se na cena local na cidade de Jo?o Pessoa, e estadual, na Para?ba, visto que, nesse longo percurso de exist?ncia, al?m da preocupa??o em fundir muitas formas art?sticas, bem como os artistas da Para?ba, aglutina pessoas que fazem arte em outros pa?ses e faz das dan?as urbanas algo instigante. A Tribo ainda preocupa-se com a troca de saberes atrav?s de palestras, oficinas, cursos e interc?mbios. A disserta??o investiga o processo de cria??o dos artistas e, especificamente, dos dan?arinos, utilizando-se principalmente do conceito de work in progress, proposto por Renato Cohen, e aplicado ao espet?culo estudado. Apresentam-se descri??es dos movimentos coreogr?ficos, do espet?culo de dan?a paraibano Ethnotron-Ghetto Experiment, de Dan?a de Rua da Era Funky, especificamente, com estilos como popping, waving, animation, strobing, floatine/ slidini, tiokine, trebing, breaking, waving, sliding, entre outros, visto serem estes parte integrante do processo de cria??o. Tais estilos remetem ao ilusionismo ou ao mimetismo, sugerindo, em seus movimentos truques, c?meras lentas, flutua??es com os p?s, entre outros. Segundo Valmir Vaz, o Coletivo, atrav?s do espet?culo, busca a integra??o dos corpos, procura uma liberta??o individual e sugere uma sensa??o de querer voar nas coreografias/cenas. Abordam-se os aspectos do processo criativo: o espa?o c?nico, o trabalho corporal, a sonoplastia e a roupa/indument?ria. Trabalha-se o conceito do corpo virtual de Jos? Gil no aspecto do corpo c?nico

En prenant comme point d’horizon l’entrée du concept de travail mécanique dans la physique théorique par les ingénieurs-savants du début de 19e siècle (Coriolis et Navier notamment), cette thèse montre la filiation de ce concept vis-à-vis de démarches apparaissant à l’aube du 18e siècle à l’Académie Royale des Sciences de Paris, notamment dans les oeuvres d’Amontons et de Parent. La thèse montre alors comment et pourquoi le concept commence à se développer au premier 18e siècle dans cet environnement, comment il est ensuite repris, enrichi, modifié par Pitot, Bélidor, Desaguliers, D. Bernoulli, et comment au contraire ce concept semble ignoré de savants plus théoriciens tel que D’Alembert. Le rôle de la rupture de la vision statique de la machine semble déterminant. Apparaît alors la forte dépendance de ce concept aux problématiques qu’il permet de résoudre, axées sur la quantification et l’optimisation de l’effet des hommes, des animaux et des machines en situation laborieuse, et leurs comparaisons mutuelles dont l’une des finalités est la recherche du profit économique. L’histoire du concept se donne à voir comme une interface permanente entre mécanique théorique, mécanique pratique, et aspects productifs. On suggère alors que la légitimité du concept tient dans sa pertinence à rendre compte du travail des agents producteurs. Enfin, la thèse s’attache à recréer l’épaisseur du réel derrière les concepts et les problématiques, en montrant ce qu’ils doivent aux stratégies gouvernementales et aux pratiques d’ingénieurs. / Taking the early 19th century concept of mechanical work in theoretical physics (popular among such engineers as Coriolis and Navier) as the point of reference, this essay draws a connection between this concept and similar reasoning occurring at the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris at the turn of the 18th century, especially evident in the works of Amontons and Parent. The essay then demonstrates how and why this concept begins to develop in this academic environment, and how it is then adopted, enhanced and modified by Pitot Bélidor, Désaguliers, and D. Bernoulli while seemingly ignored by theorists such as D’Alembert. The role of the breakdown of the conceptualisation of machines as static agents seems decisive. What follows is a strong dependence on the concept of mechanical work for its ability to problem solve and in pursuit of economic gain, particularly as pertains to quantification, optimization and the comparative labour productivity of men, animals and machines. The concept’s history suggests a permanent interplay between theoretical mechanics, practical mechanics and productivity, thus indicating that the legitimacy of the concept lies in its ability to represent the work of producing agents. Finally, the essay attempts to recreate in practical terms the reality behind the concepts and problems, showing what they owe to government strategies and what to the practices of engineers.