Cette thèse s'intéresse – au niveau national – aux transformations du hockey sur glace sur une période allant de 1986 (date de l'obtention des Jeux Olympiques d'Hiver de 1992 à la France) à 2006 (date de la scission entre le hockey sur glace et la FFSG). Il s'agit d'un travail socio-historique qui portera son attention sur les structures fédérales (et leurs transformations) et sur l'évolution de la politique de la Commission Sportive Nationale de Hockey sur Glace (CNHG), notamment en ce qui concerne la mise en spectacle et la professionnalisation de ce sport au cours de la période que nous avons définie précédemment. Nous nous intéresseront également aux clubs évoluant (ou ayant évolué) en première division. L'analyse, outre la stratégie globale, doit comprendre les jeux d'acteurs au sein de l'espace fédéral (CNHG et FFSG) et leurs rapports de force, les soubassements idéologique de l'action dans le cadre fédéral, mais aussi tenir compte du contexte sportif national avec le développement du sport-spectacle et du « star système » au cours des années 1980. Il s'agira également d'analyser la structuration du hockey sur glace sous forme professionnelle (e.g., ligue professionnelle, statut des clubs, syndicats (joueurs, clubs, arbitres), contrôle de gestion, etc.) et son positionnement à l'international avec les conséquences des différentes législations européennes (e.g., arrêt Bosman (1995), arrêt Malaja (2002)). / This thesis focuses – at the national level – on the transformations of ice hockey from 1986 (attribution of Winter Olympic Games to France) to 2006 (separation between ice hockey and FFSG). This is a socio-historical work which focus on federal structures and their transformations, and the evolution of the Commission Nationale de Hockey sur Glace (CNHG), especially with regards to the implementation of the professionalisation of this sport in the last twenty years. The analysis, in addition of the overall strategy, must include the actors' strategies within the federal space (CNHG and FFSG) and their power relationships, the ideological underpinnigs of theirs actions, but also take into account the national sports context with the development of sports shows and star-system during the 1980s. It will also analyse the professional structuration of ice hockey: professional league, status of clubs, labor unions (players, clubs, referees), management control and its international position with the consequences of the Bosman case (1995) and the Malaja case (2002).

This study examined and compared the effect of two feedback methodologies (visual and traditional) on the degree of skill acquisition for the two field hockey skills, Indian dribble and moving drive. Forty-seven female physical education students, ages 12 to 14 years, practised two basic field hockey skills for four consecutive classes. The experimental group was presented with a prototypic example, video feedback (VF), and checklist analysis while the control group was taught by traditional feedback methods which included teacher and student demonstrations in conjunction with verbal feedback. Performance evaluations were made by comparing scores on the Russell (1989) Field Hockey Checklist of Critical Behaviours. Motivational and attitudinal aspects were compared by the use of a Learning Perceptions Questionnaire. An ANCOVA of the Indian dribble performances did not reveal a significant difference between the methodologies. Analysis of the degrees of improvement was made using two comparisons (a) percentage improvement calculations revealed a mean of 27% for the control group and 31% for the experimental group, (b) the Hale and Hale (1972) procedure indicated means of 7.42 and 7.24 for the control and experimental groups, respectively. The ANCOVA of the moving drive indicated a significant difference (F=5.75, p<.05) between the methodologies in favor of the experimental group. The improvement comparisons revealed (a) mean scores of 10% for the control group and 32% for the experimental group, (b) the Hale and Hale procedure results revealed mean scores of 5 and 13 for the control and experimental groups, respectively. The analysis of the Learning Perceptions Questionnaire revealed that the subjects in the experimental group perceived that the checklists helped them to focus on the correct and incorrect behaviours and that watching the prototypic example in conjunction with personal performances helped to improve their skill level, thus providing a motivational element. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

This thesis will discuss the results of a two-year 90 game study to consider the role violence and aggression plays in competitive minor hockey and its role as a mechanism for injury. The second objective of this thesis was to determine the contextual factors that lead to injury on the ice. Using a mixed methods approach, the study followed three minor hockey teams from the Ottawa-Gatineau region over two sporting seasons. The study found that players are not being injured due to aggressive or violent play but rather players are being hurt within the rules of the game. The contextual factors that were shown to lead to injury included: (1) body-checking, (2) time of the game, (3) player’s body mass, (4) position played and (5) legal plays. Injuries were also broken down by anatomical site (head/neck, upper body and lower body); the upper body was affected by injury most.

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While researchers have documented elite Indigenous hockey players' experiences when they leave home to play sports in the mainstream context, to date they have not examined how these experiences may vary based on sex and gender. By using Tribal Critical Race Theory, Indigenous feminisms, and reflexive thematic analysis, in this thesis, I examined the challenges and benefits that First Nations elite hockey players experienced when they left home to play in the mainstream context and how these challenges varied based on sex and gender. The 20 participants (10 female, 10 male) all had challenges with language and their new environments. Interestingly, while all the male participants reported experiencing racism, only two of the female participants reported such experiences, and they were of a less overt nature. The benefits that were experienced by both male and female athletes included athletic and personal growth, new experiences, and support from home. While both male and female athletes reported accruing benefits from leaving home, I found that the female athletes had to leave home to pursue hockey due to a lack of opportunities available to them, opportunities that were often available closer to home for male participants. I also found that both males and females reported receiving a great deal of support; this is particularly interesting given male hockey's higher profile. Taken together, these findings add nuance to the existing literature on Indigenous hockey players' experiences in the mainstream context.

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Les métaphores constituent un objet d'étude fondamental depuis les travaux de Lakoff et Johnson (1985), et ce, dans des disciplines variées. La présente recherche, de nature lexicologique, a pour objectif d'examiner l'utilisation métaphorique qui est faite du vocabulaire du hockey dans un vaste corpus d'écrits journalistiques québécois. Les énoncés métaphoriques ont d'abord été repérés à partir d'une liste de mots-clefs tirés du vocabulaire du hockey. Ils ont par la suite été étudiés d'un point de vue sémantique pour cerner les sèmes des mots-clés qui ont été exploités et les connotations qui se dégagent des métaphores, et classés par domaines (politique, cinéma, etc.). Les résultats sont présentés sous forme d'un lexique et mettent en lumière, entre autres, l'existence de la métaphore conceptuelle LA POLITIQUE, C'EST LE HOCKEY. Notre recherche a été réalisée dans le cadre des travaux du Trésor de la langue française au Québec dont elle a contribué à enrichir le Fichier lexical informatisé

Dans ce mémoire, on considère la situation où l’on désire grouper des objets dans un nombre prédéterminé de classes de même cardinal. Le choix de la composition des classes est basé sur des critères de minimisation de la variance intragroupe ou de maximisation de la similarité intragroupe. Trois méthodes sont développées pour obtenir le regroupement optimal selon l'un de ces critères. Les deux premières approches consistent à diviser le problème global de classification en plusieurs sous-problèmes, respectivement selon les valeurs prises des variables d’intérêt et selon un aspect probabiliste. La troisième méthode utilise des propriétés de la loi stationnaire des chaînes de Markov. Les trois techniques sont utilisées pour tenter de trouver le regroupement optimal pour classer géographiquement les équipes de la Ligue nationale de hockey en six divisions de cinq équipes. Des études de simulation permettent de mesurer l'efficacité des méthodes. / This master's thesis is structured around the case in which we want to classify objects into a specific number of clusters of the same size. The choice of clusters to form is determined by minimizing the within-cluster variance or maximizing the within-cluster similarity. Three methods were developed to obtain the optimal clustering according to these two criterions. The first two approaches consist in splitting up the clustering problem in several sub-problems, one in a quantitative way and the other in a probabilistic way. The third method uses properties of the Markov chain limiting probabilities. The three methods are used to try to find the optimal geographic clustering to class the thirty National hockey league teams into six divisions of five teams. The efficiency of those approaches is assessed with simulations.

Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2015