INTRODUCTION Professional jockeys are considered elite sportsmen competing in a sport with certain weight restrictions. Horse racing is categorized as a “weight-making” sport where jockeys can benefit from attaining and/or maintaining a specific weight for competition. The minimum riding weight for professional jockeys and apprentice jockeys who are race riding is currently 52 kg. The lighter the jockey (i.e. the closer he can remain to the minimum weight of 52 kg) the more rides may be allocated to him (and the more money he will earn). This places a great deal of pressure on the jockey to maintain a low body weight, in order to attain rides. Unlike other weight category sports, horse riding does not have an “off season”, therefore jockeys are constantly pressured to maintain a minimal weight. Consequently this may result in unhealthy eating habits, dangerous weight control practices and compromised health. Research on the weight making practices of apprentice jockeys is scarce. In fact, there is currently no published data available on the South African apprentice jockey. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the dietary intake, energy availability and weight control practices of male apprentice jockeys residing at the South African Jockey Academy. METHODS Twenty one male flat jockey apprentices of different race groups, between the ages of 16 and 20 years were recruited to take part in this cross sectional observational study. Height, weight and body composition (body fat percentage and fat free mass) were measured. The apprentices completed a 59-item nutrition, health and lifestyle questionnaire including questions on weight control and weight making practices. Dietary intake was recorded with a 24-hour dietary recall on four non-consecutive days including a rest day, two training days, and a race day. On these days, exercise energy expenditure was also recorded with Actiheart© monitors with the aim to calculate energy availability. MAIN FINDINGS Total mean reported energy intake of the participants was 7088±2337kJ (35.5±12.5kcal/kg fat free mass [FFM]) and below the recommendations for athletes exercising several hours per day for most days of the week. The micronutrient intakes of the majority of these jockeys were also low (i.e. <67% of recommended intake). Mean calculated energy availability (EA) over two training days and one rest day was 27.1±16.7 kcal/kg FFM and regarded as low (i.e.<30kcal/kg/FFM). Furthermore, the majority of apprentices (88%) had a low EA on the training days. Ninety one percent of the jockeys reported the use of one or more weight control method including food avoidance (81%), restricting food intake and skipping meals (67%), exercising to sweat (48%) and using the sauna (43%). The top three reported side effects from making weight included thirst (80%), hunger (75%) and tiredness (75%). CONCLUSION In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that the majority of South African apprentice jockeys are practicing weight control methods, specifically restricting energy and food intake, to control their weight. This was supported by the mean low dietary energy intake and sub-optimal mean energy availability. These apprentice jockeys are therefore at risk for long-term health consequences including low bone mineral density. / MSc (Nutrition), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

INTRODUCTION Professional jockeys are considered elite sportsmen competing in a sport with certain weight restrictions. Horse racing is categorized as a “weight-making” sport where jockeys can benefit from attaining and/or maintaining a specific weight for competition. The minimum riding weight for professional jockeys and apprentice jockeys who are race riding is currently 52 kg. The lighter the jockey (i.e. the closer he can remain to the minimum weight of 52 kg) the more rides may be allocated to him (and the more money he will earn). This places a great deal of pressure on the jockey to maintain a low body weight, in order to attain rides. Unlike other weight category sports, horse riding does not have an “off season”, therefore jockeys are constantly pressured to maintain a minimal weight. Consequently this may result in unhealthy eating habits, dangerous weight control practices and compromised health. Research on the weight making practices of apprentice jockeys is scarce. In fact, there is currently no published data available on the South African apprentice jockey. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the dietary intake, energy availability and weight control practices of male apprentice jockeys residing at the South African Jockey Academy. METHODS Twenty one male flat jockey apprentices of different race groups, between the ages of 16 and 20 years were recruited to take part in this cross sectional observational study. Height, weight and body composition (body fat percentage and fat free mass) were measured. The apprentices completed a 59-item nutrition, health and lifestyle questionnaire including questions on weight control and weight making practices. Dietary intake was recorded with a 24-hour dietary recall on four non-consecutive days including a rest day, two training days, and a race day. On these days, exercise energy expenditure was also recorded with Actiheart© monitors with the aim to calculate energy availability. MAIN FINDINGS Total mean reported energy intake of the participants was 7088±2337kJ (35.5±12.5kcal/kg fat free mass [FFM]) and below the recommendations for athletes exercising several hours per day for most days of the week. The micronutrient intakes of the majority of these jockeys were also low (i.e. <67% of recommended intake). Mean calculated energy availability (EA) over two training days and one rest day was 27.1±16.7 kcal/kg FFM and regarded as low (i.e.<30kcal/kg/FFM). Furthermore, the majority of apprentices (88%) had a low EA on the training days. Ninety one percent of the jockeys reported the use of one or more weight control method including food avoidance (81%), restricting food intake and skipping meals (67%), exercising to sweat (48%) and using the sauna (43%). The top three reported side effects from making weight included thirst (80%), hunger (75%) and tiredness (75%). CONCLUSION In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that the majority of South African apprentice jockeys are practicing weight control methods, specifically restricting energy and food intake, to control their weight. This was supported by the mean low dietary energy intake and sub-optimal mean energy availability. These apprentice jockeys are therefore at risk for long-term health consequences including low bone mineral density. / MSc (Nutrition), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Tese de mestrado. Multimédia. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Belas Artes. Universidade do Porto. 2009

No description available.

Our Third Ear aims to create a multi-sensory experience by fusing sight, touch, and sound. By creating a means of physically feeling music, listeners can connect with songs, bands, and individual musicians on a profoundly personal level. The potential for unintended applications like learning to play an instrument, broadening the understanding of music for people with hearing impairments, or providing a means of therapy are also exciting prospects. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the process involved in creating a multi-sensory experience of music from concept to prototype. The culmination of interdisciplinary research and a broad range of creative technologies resulting in a working system. The multi-sensory experience consists of primarily tactile, but also visual responses triggered by music and executed in conjunction with aural music. Tactile investigation involved varied tactile sensations such as vibration, temperature, pressure, proprioception, and touch. Further research questioned the practicality, feasibility, and psychological impacts of using such sensations as well as where on the body such sensations would optimally be received. Visual research involved the visual representation of notes, chords, and sounds, as well as, how music could directly affect visuals in a real time environment. Additional research explored active interaction and passive interaction of visual cues using human computer interfaces. / Master of Fine Arts

Hear Color and See Sound - What happens when I combine flamenco guitar and film in a live performance? This master thesis explores the combination of two art forms. The purpose is to use live projections to enhance my guitar composition with movie. My research question is: what happens when I combine flamenco guitar and film in a live performance? I explore if visual qualities add a deeper meaning to my instrumental music by experimenting with color science and video telling/editing techniques. I’ve tested through surveys and live performances if the audience perceive my music differently, by showing contrasting footage or footage that synchronize with my musical compositions. Resulting in an exam concert where I control the prerecorded video compositions with a touch screen interface through the video-jockey software Resolume, while also performing the music (which have been timed for the videos) live together with a flamenco singer and dancer.

Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1984.

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1984. / Also available in print.

No description available.

Lesões musculoesqueléticas são a principal causa de perda econômica na indústria do cavalo de corrida. Levantamentos epidemiológicos sobre lesões e acidentes ocorridos durante a corrida e os treinamentos dentro dos Jockey Clubes e centros de treinamento têm sido realizados mundialmente. Em geral, encontram-se diferenças regionais nos padrões dessas lesões. O Serviço de Veterinária do Jockey Club do Rio Grande do Sul é responsável por realizar a avaliação e liberação clínica dos animais antes de cada prova. Animais não aptos a participar da corrida são submetidos ao “forfait” veterinário. Com o objetivo de identificar as principais alterações que afetaram os cavalos durante os treinamentos de corrida foi feita a avaliação dos registros veterinários de “forfait” do Jockey Club do Rio Grande do Sul. Além disso, objetivou-se também verificar a influência de fatores como idade e gênero do cavalo e a estação do ano sobre a frequência e distribuição das alterações musculoesqueléticas. Foram analisados 1940 registros de forfait veterinário entre os anos de 1999 e 2009. Realizou-se uma análise epidemiológica analítica descritiva através de uma estatística não paramétrica além de uma análise estatística de correspondência múltipla a fim de verificar a associação das variáveis envolvidas na frequência das lesões. Do total de alterações registradas, 69% (1338) estavam relacionadas ao sistema musculoesquelético e as afecções mais incidentes foram localizadas nos membros torácicos que corresponderam por mais de 79,23% do total enquanto que as alterações localizadas nos membros pélvicos responderam por 14,72% do total de alterações musculoesqueléticas. Alterações musculares e de coluna contribuíram com 6,05% do total. As afecções mais frequentes (p<0,05) foram as da articulação metacarpofalangeana, seguidas pelas afecções do carpo e casco. Houve significativa influência (p<0,05) da faixa etária na maior parte das alterações avaliadas, sendo o maior número de alterações observada em cavalos de 3 anos de idade. Foi constatado que o gênero também influiu significativamente em algumas alterações, sendo os machos mais acometidos. Por sua vez, as estações do ano também apresentaram diferenças significativas, sendo no inverno a maior ocorrência de “forfait” veterinário por alterações musculoesqueléticas. / Musculoskeletal injuries are the major cause of economic loss in the horse racing industry. Epidemiological surveys on injuries and accidents during the race and training within the Jockey Club and training centers have been conducted worldwide. In general, are regional differences in the patterns of these lesions. There are some peculiarities in the training of race horses as the work on the lane, early in the life of animals and intensity of athletic training. The Veterinary Service Commission Racing of the Jockey Club of Rio Grande do Sul is responsible for performing the clinical evaluation and release of animals prior to each event. Animals not able to participate in the race are subject to "forfait" veterinarian. In order to identify the main changes that affected horses during training race was made the evaluation of veterinary records of "forfait" the Jockey Club of Rio Grande do Sul also aimed to also check the influence of factors such as age, gender of the horse and the season on the frequency and distribution of musculoskeletal abnormalities. We analyzed 1940 records of veterinary “forfait” between the years 1999 and 2009. There was a descriptive analysis by analytical epidemiological a non-parametric statistics and a statistical analysis of multiple correspondence to verify the association of the variables involved in the frequency of lesions. The total changes recorded, 69% (1338) were related to musculoskeletal disorders and more incidents were found in the forelimbs, which corresponded for more than 79% of the total while the localized changes in the hindlimbs accounted for 14% of total musculoskeletal abnormalities. Muscle disorders and column contributed 6% of the total. The most frequent diseases (p <0.05) were the metacarpophalangeal joint, followed by disorders of the carpus and hull. There was a significant influence (p <0.05) of age most of the changes evaluated, with the largest number of changes observed in horses 3 years old. It was found that gender also significantly influenced in some changes, with males being more affected. In turn, the seasons also showed significant differences, and in winter the greater occurrence of "winter holidays" vet for musculoskeletal abnormalities.