Thesis (D. Min.)--Trinity International University, 2005. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 211-215).

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This dissertation focuses on the intercultural relations between the French-speaking and Dutch-speaking world in Holland in the first half of the fifteenth century. After a turbulent war of succession between the claimants Jacqueline of Bavaria and her uncle John the Pitiless, the counties of Holland, Zeeland and Hainault were incorporated into the largely francophone Burgundian empire. It has been suggested that this event marked the end of a flourishing period of cultural production in the Dutch vernacular at the court of Holland. However, as it seems, throughout the fifteenth century translations of French texts were produced for regional and local administrators. Possibly, the Burgundian regional government of Holland, which consisted of foreign as well as indigenous noblemen, may have played an important role in the dissemination of these texts. In this thesis, the subject is addressed by means of the contextualisation of the Middle Dutch version of Jean Froissart’s Chroniques. An analysis of documentary sources suggests that the comital residence at the Hague is best characterised as a multicultural environment inhabited by both bilingual and monolingual individuals. The results of an analysis of the variant readings in the French manuscripts of the Chroniques as compared to its Dutch counterpart show that the French manuscript which served as a model for the translation was probably produced between 1410 and 1418 by the Parisian libraire Pierre de Liffol. A comparison of the translated and original text shows that the translator wants to provide his readership with a text that is optimally intelligible and relevant to their context. Gerijt Potter’s modifications show that his intended audience was familiar with the habits of European courts and had a considerable geographical horizon. Because of the presence of doublets, repetitions and French loans, Potter’s style of writing resembles the official style of the comital chancery. However, a similar style is also found in other late fourteenth and early fifteenth-century translations. In The Hague the translation was probably dispersed (be it on a small scale) among members of the council and their contacts among the high nobility of Holland. Through the intensive contact between the regional councillors and members of local administration, the translation of the Chroniques became available to an audience in the cities.

This thesis assesses the extent of social isolation experienced by Dutch and British ‘children of the red flag', i.e. people who grew up in communist families during the Cold War. This study is a comparative research and focuses on the political and non-political aspects of the communist movement. By collating the existing body of biographical research and prosopographical literature with oral testimonies this thesis sets out to build a balanced picture of the British and Dutch communist movement. The study is divided into two parts. Part I discusses the political life of communists within the wider context of the history of British and Dutch communist organizations (i.e. both communist parties and their youth organizations) from 1901-1970. Part II discusses the private and public life of British and Dutch communists in the period 1940-1970. The latter draws upon oral testimonies and questions if non-political aspects of communist life were based on a Soviet model. The experiences of communist children are explored into detail within the context of the following topics; political and cultural upbringing, prescription and aspirations, neighbourhood, school & education, work & employment, money & poverty and friendships & relationships. The interviews are being used as a means of testing the accuracy of two authors in particular; Jolande Withuis and Raphael Samuel, who both published pioneering works on communist mentality. The originality of this project rests in its approach; it is a comparative research inspired by both oral history and memory studies. Instead of emphasizing the idea of a unified and centralized (international) communist movement, this thesis argues that cultural, social and political differences between Britain and the Netherlands fundamentally influenced the nature and form of their respective communist movement and explain the discrepancy between the Dutch and British respondents' experiences. Applying the comparative approach this study challenges the existing definitions of communist identity and as such it contributes to recent comparative studies of the communist movement as well as studies of communist mentality.

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<p>Abstract</p><p>During the last five years there has been a considerable immigration from the Netherlands to Värmland in Sweden. INVA, Invest in Värmland, wanted to highlight this phenomenon and therefore contacted Karlstad University to make a survey about how extensive the immigration is and what consequences it brings for the business life and municipalities in Värmland. We were luckily chosen to perform this research and the main focus in this study has been the following questions:</p><p>• Why do the Dutchmen choose to buy their house in Värmland?</p><p>• What are the main reasons for leaving the Netherlands?</p><p>• What consequences does the immigration cause for the business life in Värmland?</p><p>• How do the Dutchmen experience the contact with Swedish authorities?</p><p>To answer the questions we designed a questionnaire that was sent to 200 Dutch house purchasers. The ambition was to survey all the Dutch house purchasers in Värmland, but with the time constrains and the municipalities having problem to find complete data, we limited the survey to 200 households. To sample more information eleven interviews were made with Dutch families, brokers and local authorities.</p><p>The most important factor behind the Dutchmen moving to Värmland is the nature and the calmness. Other factors that were mentioned in the survey are the mentality of the people who live in Värmland, a good place to raise your children and house prices. The main reasons for leaving the Netherlands are lack of space, social aspects, work and economic motives.</p><p>The first big investment that is done by the Dutchmen is buying a house, the consequences of this act is higher house prices. The consuming of items on the local market is another indirect investment that is positive for the local businessmen. 60 % of the Dutchmen that moves to Värmland for permanent living starts their own business or bring their company from the Netherlands.</p><p>One of the most common problems when buying the house was the poor language skills among the local brokers. Some of the respondent requested the brokers to speak Dutch and some required that the brokers should speak better English. In the future this problem might disappear because during the last year there are some Dutchmen who has started to work together with the local brokers. The contact with Swedish authorities was considered positive in general but some of the Dutchmen had problems to get a social security number and some had problems finding information about the Swedish tax system.</p>

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The long-term trends of PM10, O3 and NOx concentrations were analyzed using Holland model (without meteorological-adjusted) and MM-Regression model (with meteorological-adjusted) based on the data of ten EPA air quality stations from 1997 to 2006 in Kao-Ping area. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of meteorological factors on the trends of these pollutants in Kao-Ping. The annual variations (AV) of O3 was −0.496 % in Kaohsiung county, −0.200 in Pingtung county, and 0.277 % in Kaohsiung city, showing different characteristics in Kao-Pin area. On average, the annual variations (AV) influenced by meteorological factors were: PM10: 0.205 %, O3: −0.127 %, and NOx: 0.338 %. After being adjusted by meteorological factors, the seasonal variations (SV) were about 1, indicating little seasonal change. In Kao-Ping region, the influence by meteorological factors was 9.566 %, 8.026 % and 7.351 % in PM10, O3, NOx, respectively. In total, the average influence was 8.314% in Kao-Ping region, with 7.791% in Kaohsiung city (8.481% at Cianjin, the most influenced area), 9.439% in Kaohsiung County (10.368% at Linyuan, the most influenced area), and 7.110% in Pingtung County (7.516% at Chaojhou, the most influenced area). PM10 was influenced most by meteorological factors (PM10: 9.566 %, O3: 8.026 %, NOx: 7.351 %) in Kao-Ping area.. In Kao-Ping region, the contributions by individual meteorological factors were 70.78% in wind speed, 38.23% in total cloudiness, 36.56% in sunshine hour, 19.86% in temperature, 12.40% in atmospheric pressure, 5.96% in relative humidity and 1.27% in wind direction. The influences by the wind speed were 66.62 %, 72.35 % and 72.31 % on the concentrations of PM10, O3, NOx, respectively. Wind speed was the most important factor controlling concentration trends in Kao-Ping area.

The trends of PM10, O3, NOX and NMHC concentrations were analyzed by the Holland model (without meteorological-adjusted) and the MM-Regression model (with meteorological-adjusted) base on the data of eight EPA air quality stations from 1997 to 2006 in Kaohsiung. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of meteorological factors on the pollutants (PM10 and O3) trends. The trends of PM10 concentrations in Kaohsiung city analyzed without meteorological-adjusted were 7.18 % at Tzuo-Yin, 3.20 % at Chien-Chin and 9.72 % at Nan-Chie. After eliminating the meteorological factors, the percent of gradual trends were 1.91 % at Tzuo-Yin, 2.92 % at Chien-Chin and 2.02 % at Nan-Chie. The trends of O3 concentrations without meteorological-adjusted were 11.42 % at Tzuo-Yin, 20.92 % at Hsiung-Kong, 42.08 % at Chien-Chin and 13.69 % at Nan-Chie. The trends of PM10 concentrations in Kaohsiung County analyzed without meteorological-adjusted were 14.96 % at Lin-yuan and 3.24 % at Jen-wu. After meteorological factors eliminating, the trend was 3.15 % at Jen-wu but the trend was -2.53 % at Lin-yuan. Meteorological factor was a primary reason that influences the PM10 concentration in recent years. The trends of O3 in Kaohsiung County without meteorological-adjusted were 18.89 % at Da-liao, 4.40 % at Jen-wu, 35.16 % at Lin-yuan and 29.98 % at Mei-nung. After meteorological factors eliminating, the trends were 1.99 % at Da-liao, 2.23 % at Jen-wu, 1.16 % at Lin-yuan and -1.16 % at Mei-nung. The results show that the influence of meteorological factors for O3 trends was more sensitive in Kaohsiung county than in Kaohsiung city. The concentration of PM10 has no significant difference (64.8 ¡V 92.3 %) in Kaohsiung city. For the concentration of O3, the similarity (78 ¡V 100 %) was extensive in Kaohsiung city because O3 could diffuse easily. O3 episodes has no significant difference as PM10 episodes in Kaohsiung city. As above-mentioned, the results show that the contributions of ambient PM10 were individually but the contributions of ambient O3 were uniform extensively.

Abstract During the last five years there has been a considerable immigration from the Netherlands to Värmland in Sweden. INVA, Invest in Värmland, wanted to highlight this phenomenon and therefore contacted Karlstad University to make a survey about how extensive the immigration is and what consequences it brings for the business life and municipalities in Värmland. We were luckily chosen to perform this research and the main focus in this study has been the following questions: • Why do the Dutchmen choose to buy their house in Värmland? • What are the main reasons for leaving the Netherlands? • What consequences does the immigration cause for the business life in Värmland? • How do the Dutchmen experience the contact with Swedish authorities? To answer the questions we designed a questionnaire that was sent to 200 Dutch house purchasers. The ambition was to survey all the Dutch house purchasers in Värmland, but with the time constrains and the municipalities having problem to find complete data, we limited the survey to 200 households. To sample more information eleven interviews were made with Dutch families, brokers and local authorities. The most important factor behind the Dutchmen moving to Värmland is the nature and the calmness. Other factors that were mentioned in the survey are the mentality of the people who live in Värmland, a good place to raise your children and house prices. The main reasons for leaving the Netherlands are lack of space, social aspects, work and economic motives. The first big investment that is done by the Dutchmen is buying a house, the consequences of this act is higher house prices. The consuming of items on the local market is another indirect investment that is positive for the local businessmen. 60 % of the Dutchmen that moves to Värmland for permanent living starts their own business or bring their company from the Netherlands. One of the most common problems when buying the house was the poor language skills among the local brokers. Some of the respondent requested the brokers to speak Dutch and some required that the brokers should speak better English. In the future this problem might disappear because during the last year there are some Dutchmen who has started to work together with the local brokers. The contact with Swedish authorities was considered positive in general but some of the Dutchmen had problems to get a social security number and some had problems finding information about the Swedish tax system.