Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:24:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1502081 bytes, checksum: 2e4535c2090a97a6d0b171dd4cf9e4a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study aims to understand how the host institutions actualize care policy and social protection particularly advocated by the ECA and PNAS, to ensure social protection and the right to family and community. Social protection linked to the National Social Policy (PNAS) aims to reduce and prevent the impacts of natural and social inequalities that make up the human development in all aspects of the individual and the family empowerment through actions and potentiation of the family and the community bonds. The methodological procedures used were based on the field research method, qualitative and quantitative interviews and an application form to the coordinators and technical staff working in five host institutions of high complexity of the municipality. Children and / or adolescents served are met, while for more than a social problem, heightened by the socioeconomic, psychological, educational, cultural policies and their families, from the societal change and the legacy of bitter social issue by the capitalist system. Among the reasons that lead children and adolescents in the process of separation from family and community are: abandonment by parents and / or guardians, domestic violence, involvement with drugs, the conflicts in the community where they live and begging. The statistics also indicate that the families of the accepted ones, 41% live with the absence of a spouse, 44% of the children and adolescents have lost their bond with their family, and 41% with where they lived. Concerning the work in the institution, the difficulties are present everyday. The most cited are closer to the families in the reintegration process, continuation and effectiveness of actions to strengthen family ties and community during the reception and after the service shutdown, the delay in the treatment referrals; disconnection between sectoral policies, which contributes to nonimplementation of networking. Institutions have few employees, some without qualification to hold the office, contracted with precarious work contracts, low wages and poor conditions of work. Besides the poor infrastructure, there is insufficient space for social and educational activities. Insufficient teaching materials, transportation, among others. With this set of adversities, it is committed the duty of the state to ensure the guarlantee of the rights enacted in the Child and Adolescent, especially the family and community. / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo conhecer como as instituições de acolhimento efetivam a política de atendimento e a proteção social especial preconizada pelo ECA e pela PNAS, de modo a garantir a proteção social e o direito à convivência familiar e comunitária. A proteção social vinculada à Política Nacional de Assistência Social (PNAS) visa a reduzir e prevenir os impactos das desigualdades sociais e naturais que compõem o desenvolvimento do ser humano em todos os aspectos do indivíduo e da família através de ações de fortalecimento e de potencialização dos vínculos familiares e comunitários. Os procedimentos metodológicos usados foram pesquisa de campo baseada no método qualitativo e quantitativo, entrevistas e aplicação de formulário aos coordenadores e equipes técnicas que atuam nas cinco instituições de acolhimento de alta complexidade do município. As crianças e/ou adolescentes atendidos são atingidas, ao mesmo tempo, por mais de uma problemática social, aguçada pelas condições socioeconômicas, psicológicas, educacionais, culturais e políticas de suas famílias, provenientes das mudanças societárias e das sequelas da questão social acirrada pelo sistema capitalista. Dentre os motivos que levam crianças e adolescentes ao processo de afastamento da família e da comunidade, destacam-se: o abandono por parte dos pais e/ou responsáveis, a violência doméstica, o envolvimento com drogas, os conflitos na comunidade onde residem e a mendicância. Os dados estatísticos indicam ainda que das famílias dos acolhidos, 41% convivem com ausência de um dos cônjuges; 44% de crianças e adolescentes perderam o vínculo com a família; e 41% com o local onde viviam. Em relação ao trabalho na instituição, as dificuldades estão presentes no dia-a-dia. As mais citadas são aproximação com as famílias no processo de reintegração; continuação e efetivação das ações de fortalecimento dos vínculos familiares e comunitários, durante o acolhimento e após desligamento do serviço; demora no atendimento aos encaminhamentos; desarticulação entre as políticas setoriais, que contribui para não concretização do trabalho em rede. As instituições apresentam número reduzido de funcionários, alguns sem qualificação para exercer o cargo, contratados com vínculos de trabalho precarizados, baixos salários e com poucas condições de trabalho. Além de infraestrutura precária, o espaço é insuficiente para as atividades socioeducativas. Faltam materiais pedagógicos, transportes, dentre outros. Com este conjunto de adversidades, fica comprometido o dever do estado de assegurar a garantia dos direitos promulgados no Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), especialmente a convivência familiar e comunitária.

This thesis is based on a 10-month field work conducted in a retirement home. The empirical part is rooted in the fact that the author of this work actually became a part of the institution for a several months as its employee at the position of a certified nursing assistant. This perspective naturally enabled him to focus on a description of daily routines, taking place within the mentioned institution, from a perspective of a certified nursing assistant as well as on his interactions with the clients, which occur during these daily routines. Paying attention to the mutual interactions of both enables us to perceive how the dominant discourse in public health care works. It is particularly revealed through disciplinary techniques. The analysis of the disciplinary techniques follows the theory of power by Michel Foucault, which seems to prove that not only the clients but also the certified nursing assistants are being disciplined during the everyday practices of the given institution. Their position is at the lowest level of the hierarchy of health care system and this - in a way - dooms them to being disciplined since they are a part of the same routines as are the clients. Moreover, the analysis of the mutual power relationships between the certified nursing assistants and the clients shows that...