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Thesis (doctoral)--Tampereen yliopisto, 1986. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Summary in German. Includes bibliographical references (p. 540-543).

Diss.--Geschichtswissenschaften--Heidelberg, 1974. / Bibliogr. p. 317-334.

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The creation of devolved institutions in Scotland and Wales in 1999 provided nationalist parties in both the opportunity to act within an institution solely within their nation’s territorial boundaries. In 2007, they entered government for the first time. In so doing, the Scottish National Party and Plaid Cymru embarked upon public engagement strategies in office which were designed to build support for their constitutional ambitions – namely, independence for Scotland and (in the short-term) full legislative powers for the National Assembly for Wales, as outlined in the Government of Wales Act 2006. This thesis explores the public engagement strategy of both parties, focusing on the respective consultations of the parties in government – A National Conversation and the All Wales Convention¬ – and the following campaign for (in Scotland) and at (in Wales) a referendum intended to deliver their preferred outcome. The aim of this thesis is to consider why public engagement strategies were considered the best vehicle to take forward the respective parties’ constitutional goals and to evaluate the success each party achieved in relation to these objectives. This thesis argues that, while both the SNP and Plaid Cymru have achieved some success with regard to their constitutional objectives, this success can be measured differently depending whether short-term or long-term goals are the defining standard. In Wales, Plaid Cymru’s constitutional consultation found limited engagement with the wider Welsh population, and though the referendum succeeded in securing legislative powers for the National Assembly for Wales, public engagement with the constitutional debate in Wales continues to lack enthusiasm. By contrast, the SNP’s National Conversation saw more enthusiastic engagement, but without a referendum at the end of the process, a clear lack of a tangible short-term outcome. However, the SNP in government did succeed in moving the constitutional debate firmly onto the political agenda, and engagement in this debate is now widespread in Scottish society, particularly in the wake of an agreement to hold an independence referendum in autumn 2014.

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No abstract included. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

This thesis examines speeches made by Irish members of the British House of Commons concerning the Government of Ireland Bill (1912). The most significant source use was the Parliamentary Debates of the House of Commons, 1912 to 1914. The organization of the Irish political parties is outlined in Chapter One. The next two chapters deal with their view of Irish history during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The fourth chapter focuses upon the bill in committee, and the fifth chapter examines the more general debate on the bill. The conclusions of the final chapter suggest that advocates of the bill were motivated by Irish nationalism, while opponents were motivated by economic ties to Great Britain.

This thesis aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the political ambitions and actions of the Theosophical Society within the emerging nationalist movement in India during 1879-1930. Different theoretical perspectives have been applied depending on the historical context, and Ludwik Fleck’s theory of thought collectives and thought styles served as a general frame for interpreting the movement’s actions and development A central concern in this study has been the attempt to explain how a numerically small movement with its roots in the West could come to have political influence in India for a period of time. The study starts off in a western historical context in an attempt to uncover the reasons behind the movement's commitment to India. It focuses on a culture or civilization critique the Theosophical Society shared with several other contemporary movements. The first part of the thesis examines the theosophical movement's establishment in India. The relationship with other Indian reform movements has been identified and dividing lines behind the official's eclectic attitude have been shown. The theosophical activities in India can thus be understood in relation to its critique of the modern development of society. My study of the period partly indicates shifts in opinions over time and position-takings with clear elements of competition in relation to other reform movements. The second study examines the theosophist’s involvement in education and discusses how the nationalist/theosophical educational ideals are reflected in tuition and in textbooks. Emphasis on the connection to the students’ own reality in order to develop a national consciousness is central. One's own religion, the historical narratives and the mother language are at the forefront of a national identity. The theosophist’s ambitions were to overcome the political and religious issues, but the network that was developed were too challenging to be accepted. The third study examines theosophy in the open political arena. The pattern is partly the same in terms of methods to reach a consensus for the main target - Home Rule. The political challenges were reflected in an increased political mobilization, which broadened the political activities outside the Congress. My study shows that there was an opposition in the theosophical movement to the politicization during the war, also among leading theosophists. After the war the marginalization of Theosophy was obvious in politics when the theosophical leadership chose to opt out of the Congress under Gandhi's leadership. / Per-Olof Fjällsby

Auguste Dupouy fut une des grandes figures de la littérature bretonne de la première moitié du XXe siècle. Son écriture est partagée entre des travaux de type universitaires — biographies, études générales sur la littérature, et une écriture plus personnelle — romans, nouvelles, ouvrages touristiques — où la Bretagne prend la plus large place —. Quel est le point de convergence entre deux activités littéraires aussi différentes ? Tandis que Dupouy émet de lui une image relativement lisse, il nous semble, au contraire, que dans son oeuvre tout est lutte, tout est conflit géographique. sociologique, celui des passions, des pulsions, des désirs, l’oeuvre de Dupouy ne peut s’entendre qu’au son du grand fracas d’une volonté qui se brise contre une autre. Ce travail a pour propos d’exposer comment ce motif s’enchevêtre dans le texte, se développe et comment il porte en lui la source de l’énergie créatrice.L’écriture littéraire révèle et met en oeuvre une tension fondamentale qui se traduit par l’expression de la lutte. L’espace géographique est en proie au combat : les frontières sont assiégées, les territoires en résistance. Les hommes qu’il admire, auxquels il accorde une biographie, sont des personnages contestés, il assure leur défense. Dans les oeuvres de fiction, les fondements de la narration sont le désir de domination et les conséquences dramatiques qui en découlent.Lire l’oeuvre d’Auguste Dupouy, c’est se replonger dans un monde qui a largement disparu celui d’une Bretagne de costumes, de marine â voile et de pain noir. Pourtant, la richesse de son écriture lui donne une véritable place dans l’histoire littéraire, sa lecture nous donne des clefs pour mieux comprendre notre société, mais surtout, par l’image complexe qu’il laisse de l’homme, il participe du grand projet de l’art qui est celui de sonder l’âme humaine. / Auguste Dupouy was one of the central figures of Brittany’s literature in the first half of the twentieth century. Ris works combine academic writing — biographies and general studies in literature — and more personal writing such as novels. short stories and tourist guide books. in which Brittany is a central element. How do Dupouy’s two distinct literary activities converge? Although Dupouy pictured himself as a conventional character , this writer believes that his work is entirely built on the themes ofstruggle and fight. Whether it be social or territorial disputes or the struggle of passions, urges and desires, Dupouy’s work can only be understood through the clashing of one man’s will against another’s. The present study intends to expose how this motif is interlaced in the text, how it is developped and how it bears the source ofcreative energy.Dupouy’s literary writing reveals and implements a fundamental tension, which finds its expression in struggle. Geographic space is subject to struggle: boundaries are besieged and teiritories are resisting. The men he admired and vhose biographies he chose to write were controversial characters for whose cases he conducted the defence. Tn his fiction, the narrative is based on the desire for domination and the ensuing dramatic consequences.When reading Auguste Dupouy’s workwe immerse ourselves in a bygone world—the days of Bretons in traditional costumes. sailing ships and black bread. Yet the richness ofhis writing confers him a real place in the history ofliterature: reading him gives us some keys to a better understanding of our society and. above alt, as he imparts his complex vision ofman, he partakes in art’s great project fathoming the human soul.