Cette thèse propose de faire une étude des usages antiques et modernes d'un passage du deuxième chant de l’Iliade, connu depuis le Ve siècle avant notre ère sous la désignation de Catalogue de vaisseaux. Ce passage est devenu une sorte de paradigme d'un type d'énonciation, I'« énonciation en catalogue» (καταλέγειν), qu'une grande partie des études modernes a interprété comme un manière idéale de décrire la réalité du passé dans un ordre discursif étroitement lié à la transmission d'une« vérité», voire comme étant à l'origine de l'écriture de l'histoire. Cette lecture, à notre avis, eu un effet sur un certain nombre d'études modernes, et est aussi un effet de ces études. Ces effet sont loin d'être anodins car ils ont conduit à considérer le catalogue comme un document jugé utile pour trouver la « Grèce homérique» et, qui sait, pour répondre à d'autres « question homériques» La qualification de ce passage en «catalogue» fait néanmoins écho à une pratique qui, comme l'on montré d'autres études, remonte non seulement à la production poétique diversifiée de l'époque archaïque -y compris l’Iliade où cette pratique se présente comme un mode d'interlocution original -mais se prolonge bien au-delà. En se tournant vers quelques usages anciens des discours e catalogue et, en particulier, du Catalogue des vaisseaux, nous cherchons à comprendre à quelle autres fonctions (qu'elles soient proches ou non des fonctions repérées par les textes modernes) cette pratique énonciative répond et comment elles se manifestent dans la dialectique avec les texte antérieurs mobilisés et avec leurs propres enjeux. / This thesis proposes a study of the ancient and modern uses of a passage from the second Book of the Iliad, known since the 5th century before our era under the designation « Catalogue of Ships ». This passage became a sort of paradigm of a particular mode of utterance, the « catalogue mode of enunciation » (καταλέγειν), which great number of the modern studies had interpreted as an ideal way to describe the reality of the past in a discursive order closely related to the transmission of a « truth », or rather being in the origins of the writing of history. We assume that this reading had an impact on a number of modern studies and it is a consequence of them as well. Such impacts are far from being meaningless, once they had led to consider the catalogue as a document judged reliable to find the « Homeric Greece » and, who knows, to answer to other « Homeric questions». The status of « catalogue » in this passage nevertheless echoes the practice which, as other studies had shown, goes back not only to the diversity of the poetical production from the archaic period - including the Iliad where this practice presents itself as an original interlocution mode - but extends it far beyond. On turning towards some ancient uses of the speeches in catalogue, particularly the ones from the Catalogue of Ships, we aim to understand to what other functions (those being close or not from the ones identified by the modern texts) this enunciative practice answers and how they appear in the dialectic with the previous texts concerned and with their own issues.

Submitted by Jane Alice (janealice@ndc.uff.br) on 2013-09-18T14:50:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1579.pdf: 1460095 bytes, checksum: 28893aa06b1b9adf4801d415211d5388 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jane Alice (janealice@ndc.uff.br) on 2013-09-18T14:51:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 1579.pdf: 1460095 bytes, checksum: 28893aa06b1b9adf4801d415211d5388 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-18T14:51:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1579.pdf: 1460095 bytes, checksum: 28893aa06b1b9adf4801d415211d5388 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Esta tese busca analisar as concepções relativas às diferenças etárias no mundo de Homero (séc. X ao IX a.C.). Através da Ilíada e da Odisseia, observaremos os fatores intervenientes que contribuiram para o desenvolvimento dessas concepções, a influência das mesmas na construção dos comportamentos e papeis sociais atribuídos às personagens e as maneiras pelas quais as idades da vida se tornaram decisivas para a organização da vida social no mundo representado por Homero. O conceito de habitus etário, proposto com base na perceptiva sociológica de Pierre Bourdieu, permite-nos demonstrar a importância que os aedos associam ao curso de vida como fator de produção e reprodução das estruturas sociais. Defendemos que as idades com que as personagens são caracterizadas atuam de modo decisivo para a compreensão de seus espaços de atuação, permitindo assim a análise dos sistemas de valores vigentes no período. / This thesis intends to analyze the conceptions o f age differences in the Homers’ World (1000-900 BC.). Through the Iliad and the Odyssey, we aims to observe the intervenient factors that contributed to the development of this conceptions, its influence in the construction of behaviors and social roles associated to the characters and the manner which the ages of life became important to the social organization of the world represented by Homer. The concept of age habitus, based on the Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological perspective, allow us to show the importance that the oral poets associated to the length of life as a factor of production and reproduction of the social structures. We defend that the ages in which the characters are described is a decisive way for the comprehension of the acting spaces of them, allowing the analysis of the valor systems available in this period.

Submitted by Maria Dulce (mdulce@ndc.uff.br) on 2013-12-10T19:19:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Moraes, Alexandre-Tese-2013.pdf: 1460095 bytes, checksum: 28893aa06b1b9adf4801d415211d5388 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-10T19:19:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Moraes, Alexandre-Tese-2013.pdf: 1460095 bytes, checksum: 28893aa06b1b9adf4801d415211d5388 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Esta tese busca analisar as concepções relativas às diferenças etárias no mundo de Homero (séc. X ao IX a.C.). Através da Ilíada e da Odisseia, observaremos os fatores intervenientes que contribuiram para o desenvolvimento dessas concepções, a influência das mesmas na construção dos comportamentos e papeis sociais atribuídos às personagens e as maneiras pelas quais as idades da vida se tornaram decisivas para a organização da vida social no mundo representado por Homero. O conceito de habitus etário, proposto com base na perceptiva sociológica de Pierre Bourdieu, permite-nos demonstrar a importância que os aedos associam ao curso de vida como fator de produção e reprodução das estruturas sociais. Defendemos que as idades com que as personagens são caracterizadas atuam de modo decisivo para a compreensão de seus espaços de atuação, permitindo assim a análise dos sistemas de valores vigentes no período. / This thesis intends to analyze the conceptions of age differences in the Homers’ World (1000-900 BC.). Through the Iliad and Odyssey, we aims to observe the intervenient factors that contributed to development of this conceptions, its influence in the construction of behaviors and social roles associated to the characters and the manner which the ages of life became important to the social organization of the world represented by Homer. The concept of age habitus, based on the Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological perspective, allow us to show the importance that the oral poets associated to the length of life as a factor of production and reproduction of the social structures. We defend that the ages in which the characters are described is a decisive way for the comprehension of the acting spaces of them, allowing the analysis of the valor systems available in this period.

Cette thèse se propose d’étudier l’expression du mouvement dans la poésie grecque ancienne et plus particulièrement le lien qui unit la mort au mouvement de chute dans la poésie homérique. La question du mouvement apparaît en filigrane dans toutes les études qui se préoccupent de la mort en Grèce ancienne et de ses différentes représentations. À travers non seulement différentes expressions métaphoriques, mais aussi via la chute des corps sur le champ de bataille, la chute de certains objets et le plongeon de différents personnages, le mouvement illustre la mort ou son imminence. Loin de figurer seulement le plongeon de l’âme vers les Enfers, le mouvement de chute figure aussi un large éventail d’états émotionnels et s’avère un moyen efficace d’exprimer des états altérés de conscience, par exemple le passage entre la vie et la mort, le sommeil, la folie et l’ivresse, mais aussi des émotions d’une grande intensité telles que la colère, la douleur et la tristesse. Cette utilisation du mouvement de chute dans la poésie grecque s’exprime dans l’imaginaire poétique, mais également dans les pratiques rituelles recensées dans la poésie homérique. En effet, dans l’Iliade, le mouvement de chute, qui apparaît dans la libation, le serment rituel et les rites funéraires, ne signifierait pas seulement la mort, mais dans certains cas, la mort sans inhumation. Cette découverte nous permet de poser un regard nouveau sur les pratiques rituelles du poème qui mettent en lumière la véritable volonté des Achéens, explicitée au chant 3 (Il. 3. 276-301). Celle-ci consisterait non seulement à tuer les hommes et les enfants, et à mettre les femmes en esclavage, mais aussi à abandonner les corps de leurs ennemis aux éléments et donc de leur refuser l’inhumation, ce qui pose problème dans le contexte religieux de la Grèce ancienne. Le mouvement de chute, à travers le geste de projection, exprime une menace que le public grec devait parfaitement comprendre et qui s’avère centrale pour l’ensemble de l’intrigue. Il apparaît aussi que le mouvement posséderait une « efficacité magique » qui permettrait de déclencher et de sceller un serment. Durant toute l’Antiquité, la signification du mouvement change à travers le temps, s’approfondit, se complexifie et s’il permettait de représenter la mort et la tristesse chez Homère, durant toute la fin de l’époque archaïque jusqu’aux derniers jours de l’Empire romain, le mouvement prend parfois une connotation érotique. En raison de la capacité du mouvement à représenter différents états altérés de conscience et de ses liens étroits avec la mort et le deuil, le plongeon devient alors le modèle exemplaire de la souffrance amoureuse. Cette thèse permet donc d’observer l’évolution d’un motif qui conserve tout au long de l’Antiquité sa dimension mortifère, mais qui, encore aujourd’hui, exprime un lien poétique étroit entre la mort et l’érotisme. / This thesis proposes to study the expression of movement in ancient Greek poetry and particularly the link between death and the physical act of falling in Homeric poetry. The question of movement appears implicitly in all studies concerned with death in ancient Greece and its different representations. Through not only different metaphorical expressions, but also through the fall of bodies on the battlefield, the fall of certain objects and the plunge of different characters, human and divine, the movement illustrates death or its imminence. Far from representing only the plunge of the soul into the Underworld, the falling movement also represents a wide range of emotional states and proves to be an effective way of expressing altered states of consciousness, for example the passage between life and death, sleep, madness and drunkenness, but also emotions of great intensity such as anger, pain and sadness. This use of the movement in Greek poetry is expressed in the poetic imagination, but also in the ritual practices recorded in Homeric poetry. Indeed, in the Iliad, the movement of fall which appears in libation, ritual oath and funeral rites would not only mean death, but in certain cases, death without burial. This discovery allows us to take a new look at the ritual practices of the poem which bring to light the true will of the Achaeans, explicitly shown in the third book (Il. 3. 276- 301), which is not only to kill men and children, and to enslave women, but to abandon the bodies of their enemies to the elements and thus to refusing them burial, which is problematic in the religious context of the ancient Greece. The falling movement, through the gesture of projection, expresses a threat that the Greek audience had to fully understand and is central to the entire plot. It also appears that the movement would possess a "magical efficiency" which would make it possible to trigger and seal an oath. Throughout Antiquity, the meaning of the movement through time became more complex and if it represents death and sadness in Homer, throughout the end of the archaic period until the last days of the Roman Empire, the movement eventually took an erotic connotation. Because of his capacity to represent various altered states of consciousness and its close links with death and mourning, the plunge then becomes the exemplary model of the suffering in love. This thesis thus makes it possible to observe the evolution of a motive which preserves throughout Antiquity its mortiferous dimension, but which, even today, expresses a close poetic link between death and eroticism.