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M.A. / This research was undertaken to explore how Black South African children experience hope in general, and secondly, whether the constructs of pathways and agency are evident in their experiences of hope. The research was conducted in the hope that it will contribute to the existing theory of Hope in children and as no research could be found on hope in Black South African children. Specifically, the researcher wanted to gain insight into whether hope, as conceptualised by Snyder (2000), is experienced by Black South African children. Hope reflects individuals’ perceptions regarding their capacity to clearly conceptualise goals, develop strategies to reach those goals (pathwaysthinking), and initiate and sustain the motivation for using those strategies (agency-thinking) (Snyder et al., 2003). Hope is a motivational construct that falls within Positive Psychology, a movement that has called for an examination of psychological strengths, rather than of pathology. Existing literature is largely focused on earlier positive psychology constructs such as coping, and there had been limited focus on children and the manifestation of psychological strengths in South Africa. Therefore, the aim of the present research was to explore strengths, like hope, in Black South African children. The dissertation first focuses on the review of the literature on positive psychology, hope, and the use of stories and narratives to facilitate the understanding of hope in children. The literature review provides a history of psychology and the development of positive psychology. Hope as conceptualised by Snyder is reviewed, as well as a focus on how hope affects children. In this study a qualitative approach was used to explore the stories of hope by Black primary school children. The participants consisted of six children who were interviewed. The narratives and data were analysed using thematic iv analysis. The themes that emerged from the analysis are presented in the results chapter. It is evident from the narratives that some of the children experienced difficulties expressing what hope meant to them, as they did not have an understanding of the construct. Although some of the children experienced problems engaging with the construct, some of the children were able to talk about hope and what it meant to them, and also relate to past experiences where they displayed hopeful behaviour. The differences in how the children experienced hope could be attributed to whether their family and school experiences and environment enhance hope in the children. The results are discussed in terms of the literature, as well as in the South African context. Finally, a summary of the research together with the limitations and recommendations for further research is offered.

The 1965 Hope Slide is one of the largest rock avalanche to have occurred in recent historic time. Although this landslide is very well known, virtually no comprehensive investigation was undertaken. This study represents a first, but essential, step to begin a detailed evaluation of the mass movement; it is also part of a research program investigating the landslide hazards along strategic transportation corridors in southwestern British Columbia (Savigny, 1990, in prep.). The geology at the slide site was confirmed to consist of greenstone and felsite, however, two varieties of each of the rock type were found: the greenstone occurs in a massive and a slightly schistose form, and the felsite occurs in a buff coloured and a greyish-white coloured variety. Discontinuities at the study site include two steeply dipping faults, three dominant sets (Jl, J2 and J3) and a shallower dipping set of joints, the orientations of the latter set closely relate to those of Jl, and a number of gouge filled shear zones along the buff felsite and greenstone contacts. The 1965 failure surface was probably controlled by two mechanisms, in which the steeper upper portion of the slope was largely controlled by pervasive step-like discontinuities (Jl and the shallower joints); the shallower lower part of the slope was controlled by gouge filled buff felsite-greenstone contacts. These two mechanisms also support the two slide events hypothesis put forward by Weichert et al. (1990), who suggested that the seismic signals recorded on the day of the landslide were the results, rather than the cause, of the mass movement(s). Based on the evidence found in this study, it is proposed that the lower slope (below the upper northeast trending fault) failed first along the gouge filled lithologic contacts, due to the debuttressing effects of the lower slope and the existing weakness along the joints, the upper slope subsequently failed. Slope stability analyses indicate that-the slope was in critical conditions prior to the 1965 slide. The results also demonstrate that the inherent weakness withinjthe rock mass was sufficient to explain the occurrence of failure without external influences. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

L'objectif ou l'intention de la présente these est de tenter d'éclairer la nature et le développement du thème de l'espoir humain chez le poète Paul Eluard. Les critiques de cette oeuvre tres riche semblent insister sur le mérite de la poésie eluardienne d'une première période de l'oeuvre, a l'exclusion de la dernière partie, ou vice-versa. En nous basant sur une étude de l'oeuvre, nous tentons justement de montrer le dynamisme de ce passage progressif chez Eluard de l'amour exclusif a la vision, fondée sur cet amour premier, d'un amour total de l'humanité. Progression qui sera mise en valeur par quatre voies d'approche: évolution biographique, étude de l'évolution de la conception théorique de la poésie chez Eluard, analyse critique de certains thèmes et concepts principaux de l'oeuvre, et etude stylistique d'images caractéristiques qui incarnent ou traduisent 1'orientation humaine. Le premier chapitre est consacre aux principales influences historiques et littéraires qui ont mené Eluard de l'activité surréaliste a celle, publique, de la maturité. Nous essayons de donner une juste idée de l'orientation sociale de la révolte surréaliste, et de distinguer quelles activités politiques ou humanitaires, parallèlement aux épreuves personnelles, ont amène Eluard a certaines prises de position politiques et ti une poésie engagée. Le deuxième chapitre examine le développement idéologique du thème de l'espoir humain. II présente successivement deux aspects principaux de cette inspiration: la progression générale du thème dans l'oeuvre, et les affirmations de l'espoir humain dans les divers textes théoriques d'Eluard. Notre troisième chapitre constitue une présentation des poèmes significatifs et des recueils caractéristiques illustrant la progression du thème de l'espoir humain a travers l'oeuvre. Pour donner une juste idée de l'importance des thèmes dans l'économie de chaque recueil, on distinguera trois périodes principales de ce développement. Le quatrième chapitre est une analyse plus détaillée de l’évolution de certains thèmes et concepts dynamiques de l'oeuvre eluardienne. Nous observons alors 1'articulation des thèmes humanitaires sur les thèmes amoureux a travers les images de la ressemblance, du corps humain, et du monde cosmique. En relevant toute indication de mouvement ou de dynamisme, l'on verra comment se précise chez Paul Eluard la notion du devenir vital, Humain, et poétique à la fois. / Arts, Faculty of / French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department of / Graduate

From the relatively extensive works of Joseph Ratzinger we will first look up more significant texts dealing with hope. Then the collected materials will be studied and we will attempt to analyze, evaluate and compare them. The aim of our thesis will be to capture Ratzinger's basic line of thought concerning hope. We will also try to contrast Ratzinger's basic conception of hope with other approaches to this topic which he has encountered during his life since from our point of view, these approaches were often either incorrect or too narrow- minded. Thus we will be dealing especially with Ratzinger's texts originating from the time of his academic career. Furthermore, we will analyze also the texts written in the period when Professor Ratzinger was invited, as the Prefect of the Congregation of the Doctrine of Faith, to lecture on hope. However, in the section dealing with methodology we will attempt to distinguish texts coming from Ratzinger's pre- and post-Congregation career. Since the topic of hope is closely related to soteriology and eschatology, we will include these disciplines into our thesis, though only marginally. In practice, eschatology is also connected to political science. In the concluding section of our thesis we would like to summarize the essentials of Ratzinger's conception...

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Thesis (D. Min.)--Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2002. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 206-209).

abstract: This study examines teacher educators' understandings of hope related to teacher education. The study provides a previously unforeseen perspective on teacher educators' hope or lack of hope, and gives insight into that hope's foundation and maintenance. I have designed and implemented a rigorous multi-method study, beginning with developing and conducting a nationwide on-line survey with 625 participants. From a pool of 326 participants expressing interest in participating in interviews, I interviewed 23 teacher educators selected from a randomized and purposive sample. Finally, 25 participants took part in a writing prompt sent in lieu of an interview. Findings reflect that teacher educators' "hope" is a construct, a mixture of abstract ideas, emotions, dispositions, attitudes, that is hard to conceptualize or measure, but appears to be a very relevant and influential and hope for teacher educators takes place on a continuum from bystander to actualizing. The results of this study serve as a way to encourage educators to be more explicit about hope and discourses about teaching. It raises awareness about "false senses" of hope, which arise from narratives of redemption, paving the way for a conception of hope grounded in a strong understanding of the multiplicities of teaching, and how things "are." This conception of hope has the potential to foster discussions and actions of what education can be, rather than dwelling in the rhetoric of what education is not. Further, this research has the potential to open up spaces to discuss both the importance of and how to begin to think about incorporating hope into curricula through critical pedagogy and pedagogies of hope. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Curriculum and Instruction 2011

The Hope Scale by Snyder and the Recovery Attitudes Questionnaire-7 were used to explore the patterns of hope and attitude toward recovery from schizophrenia in a sample of 100 adults diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder participating in five psychiatric rehabilitation programs in an affluent suburban setting. Using the Hope Scale, which is based on a definition of hope as a future-goal oriented cognitive process, and the Recovery Attitudes Questionnaire-7(RAQ-7), this study concluded that the construct of hope is not synonymous with a positive attitude about attaining the goal of recovery. Though participants reported being generally hopeful and having positive attitudes toward recovery from serious mental illness, the two variables, hope and attitude do not correlate with each other. Nor do individual items from the Hope Scale and the Recovery Attitudes Questionnaire-7 load on the same components during principal components factor analysis, though hope and attitude each account for more than 20% of the total variance of the data set. A serendipitous finding was the statistically significant difference between the means on the RAQ-7 of the sample of the current study and the sample of the instrument development process; across all levels of recovery, a more positive attitude towards recovery was expressed than was expressed seven years earlier. An additional statistically significant finding was the direct positive correlation between level of recovery and number of hours of volunteer service per week. Rather than concentrating on talk therapy with persons with schizophrenia to increase levels of hope and positive attitude before recovery begins, a more effective means of encouraging recovery may be to involve individuals with schizophrenia in meaningful social roles through volunteer work. / Ph. D.