No / Radiation efficiency of antennas is shown to be measurable by a modified radiometric technique where the antenna's physical temperature is varied, rather than the noise temperature of its surroundings. The method is accurate, flexible and much more convenient for routine use. A means of avoiding errors caused by temperature-dependent antenna impedance is described. The accuracy of the method is verified by measuring the radiation efficiency of a horn antenna with a 3 dB attenuator to simulate a 50% efficient antenna, and by using microstrip patch antennas, whose measured efficiencies compared well with values computed from a transmission-line model.

Rapid receptive field (RF) reorganization of somatosensory neurons in the rat dorsal horn was examined using extracellular single unit recording. Subcutaneous injection of lidocaine into RFs of dorsal horn neurons results in expansion of their RFs within minutes. The expanded RFs appear adjacent to or/and proximal to original RFs. Out of 63 neurons tested, 36 (58%) show RF reorganization. The data suggest that dorsal horn of spinal cord is one of the initial sites for RF reorganization. The neural mechanisms of this effect are not well understood. We propose that changes in biophysical properties (membrane conductance, length constant) of the neurons resulting from lidocaine injection contribute to RF reorganization. Iontophoretic application of glutamate onto dorsal horn neurons that show lidocaine induced RF's expansion were used to test the model. Application of glutamate produced reduction of reorganized RFs in 9 of 20 (45%) tested cells. Application of NBQX produced no effect on either original or expanded RFs indicate that RF shrinkage effects of glutamate involve NMDA receptors. The results are consistent with the prediction of the proposed model. Subcutaneous injection of capsaicin into tactile RFs of low threshold mechanoreceptive dorsal horn neurons produced no effect on the RF sizes that are consistent with other studies. Following the injection, the original RFs were completely silenced (46%) or remained responsive (54%).

Ho Pak-Kei. / Thesis (M.M.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / English Horn Quintet --- p.1 / River and Land --- p.15

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2002. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1947. / Works originally for voices. Ms. (arranger's holograph); prefatory material and bibliography typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 150-156).

The thesis attempts to address two central problems in the process of understanding the phenomenon of a nation. First, to what extent does the modernist view that embeds the origin of a nation in the European historical context is valid? Second, to what extent does the existing normative knowledge base concerning the phenomena of a nation and an ethnic entity adequately delineate the conceptual and empirical boundaries in between of these two phenomena. The central focus of this thesis is; therefore, to expose a basic internal contradiction that is inherent in the existing conceptual understanding of a nation. Using the Oromo case as a vantage point, it is the conviction of this thesis that the concept of a nation is 'Eurocentric' to the neglect of historical specificities outside Europe such as the case with the Oromo people. The thesis generates its epistemological presumptions from Hans-Georg Gadamer's Philosophical Hermeneutics. Since the thesis will depart from the presumption that considers a nation as a concept, the thesis will attempt to capitalize on some methodological and conceptual insights from Reinhhart Koselleck's History of Concept. The thesis uses two kinds of sources materials: one, European theoretical literature on the concept of nation; two, ethnographic and historical...

Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-27T12:31:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissEM.pdf: 1524124 bytes, checksum: dba6205d23fa03ef45a7f058b9599ce1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (bco.producao.intelectual@gmail.com) on 2018-01-29T19:13:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissEM.pdf: 1524124 bytes, checksum: dba6205d23fa03ef45a7f058b9599ce1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (bco.producao.intelectual@gmail.com) on 2018-01-29T19:13:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissEM.pdf: 1524124 bytes, checksum: dba6205d23fa03ef45a7f058b9599ce1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-29T19:17:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissEM.pdf: 1524124 bytes, checksum: dba6205d23fa03ef45a7f058b9599ce1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The adaptation or elaboration of tests that can validly and accurately evaluate the intellectual abilities of Brazilian preschool children is relevant, considering, among other factors, the lack of instruments. The Cattell-Horn-Carroll Model (CHC) is regarded as the one that most tends to give rise to techniques of intellectual evaluation and consists of a multidimensional vision that conceives the intelligence through capacities or general factors. The Multidimensional Battery of Children Intelligence (BMI), based on such a model, is intended for the evaluation of children between 7 and 12 years. The general objective of the present study was to adapt for preschoolers and to analyze the evidence of validity and accuracy of the sub-tests General Vocabulary, Memory for Names, Speed of Perception and Response Speed of BMI. The first stage of the study consisted of the adaptation of the General Vocabulary, to be used in children between 4 years and 6 years and 11 months. Participants included 10 mothers and 10 female teachers who answered a questionnaire and the original BMI items. 227 different words of children's knowledge were raised and 86 which they were not yet able to understand, according to parents and teachers. Through the relative frequency of the words, the selection was made to compose the new items of the subtest. Thus, from the study with parents and teachers, the 1st version of the General Vocabulary subtest for preschoolers was prepared, consisting of the 35 original BMI and 18 new items. The second step consisted in sending the four subtests to five expert judges to investigate the evidences of content validity through the analysis of agreement between them. The first version of the General Vocabulary sub-test for preschoolers was sent to the judges, as well as three other original BMI subtests: Memory for Names, Speed of Perception, and Speed of Response. After the judges' analysis, the General Vocabulary subtest had 6 excluded items and 5 reformulated items. The Memory for Names only had change in one item and the other subtests did not change in their items, only in the instructions. The third step consisted of a pilot study with 10 children, so that changes in instructions and two subtests were found. Eight items of the General Vocabulary were excluded, giving rise to the 3rd version of the General Vocabulary with a total of 38 items; In Velocity of Perception the numbers were replaced by figures, giving rise to the 1st version of this subtest for preschoolers. Finally, the fourth step was the application in a sample of 43 preschoolers for the analysis of validity evidences based on relations with external variables and precision. All subtests had statistically significant results in relation to the "age" variable. As for accuracy, the 3rd version of the General Vocabulary had alpha of 0.81 and the 1st version in the Memory for Names of 0.42. In the Rapid Response and in the 1st version of the Processing Speed it was not possible to calculate the accuracy. In this way, we conclude that the adaptation to preschoolers of BMI subtests presented evidence of validity based on the variable "age" and the 3rd version of the General Vocabulary was accurate. It is necessary to carry out studies with a larger sample, in order to continue the validity and precision surveys / A adaptação ou elaboração de testes que possam avaliar, de maneira válida e precisa, as capacidades intelectuais de pré-escolares brasileiros, mostra-se relevante, considerando, dentre outros fatores, a carência de instrumentos. O Modelo Cattell- Horn- Carroll (CHC) é apontado como o que mais tende a dar origem a técnicas de avaliação intelectual e consiste em uma visão multidimensional que concebe a inteligência por meio de capacidades ou fatores gerais. A Bateria Multidimensional de Inteligência Infantil (BMI), fundamentada em tal modelo, é destinada à avaliação de crianças entre 7 e 12 anos. O objetivo geral do presente estudo foi adaptar para pré-escolares e analisar as evidências de validade e precisão dos subtestes Vocabulário Geral, Memória para Nomes, Velocidade de Percepção e Rapidez de Resposta da BMI. A primeira etapa do estudo consistiu na adaptação do Vocabulário Geral, para ser utilizado em crianças entre 4 a 6 anos e 11 meses. Participaram 10 mães e 10 professoras que responderam a um questionário de levantamento de palavras e sobre os itens originais da BMI. Foram levantadas 227 palavras diferentes de conhecimento das crianças e 86 que elas ainda não eram capazes de compreender, de acordo com pais e professores. Através da frequência relativa das palavras ocorreu a seleção para compor os novos itens do subteste. Assim, a partir do estudo com pais e professores, foi elaborada a 1° versão do subteste Vocabulário Geral destinada a pré-escolares, composta pelos 35 itens originais da BMI e 18 novos. A segunda etapa consistiu no envio dos quatro subtestes a cinco juízes especialistas para investigação das evidências de validade de conteúdo por meio da análise de concordância entre eles. Foram encaminhadas aos juízes a primeira versão do subteste Vocabulário Geral para pré-escolares, bem como outros três subtestes originais da BMI: Memória para Nomes, Velocidade de Percepção e Rapidez de Resposta. Após a análise dos juízes, o subteste Vocabulário Geral teve 6 itens excluídos e 5 itens reformulados. O Memória para Nomes contou apenas com alteração em um item e os demais subtestes não sofreram alterações em seus itens, apenas nas instruções. A terceira etapa consistiu em um estudo piloto com 10 crianças, de modo que foram constatadas necessidades de modificações nas instruções e em dois subtestes. Foram excluídos 8 itens do Vocabulário Geral, dando origem à 3° versão do Vocabulário Geral com total de 38 itens; no Velocidade de Percepção os números foram substituídos por figuras, originando a 1° versão desse subteste para pré-escolares. Finalmente, a quarta etapa foi a aplicação em uma amostra de 43 pré-escolares para a análise das evidências de validade baseadas nas relações com variáveis externas e precisão. Todos os subtestes obtiveram resultados estatisticamente significativos em relação à variável “idade”. Quanto à precisão, a 3° versão do Vocabulário Geral teve alpha de 0,81 e a 1° versão no Memória para Nomes de 0,42. No Rapidez de Resposta e na 1° versão do Velocidade de Processamento não foi possível calcular a precisão. Desta forma, conclui-se que a adaptação para pré-escolares de subtestes da BMI apresentou evidências de validade baseadas na variável “idade” e a 3° versão do Vocabulário Geral mostrou-se precisa. Constata-se a necessidade de estudos com uma amostra maior, de modo a dar continuidade às pesquisas de validade e precisão.

The thesis deals with broadband antennas for measurement purposes. A ridged horn antenna has been selected for this concept, designed for the frequency range 0.9 GHz to 9 GHz. This work contains general theoretical description of antennas and further it focuses on a specific design of the ridged horn antenna, beginning with the calculation of its dimensions, modeling and optimization to obtain desired antenna properties. Finally, the antenna was constructed and measured. The reflection factor s11

No description available.

A proposta deste trabalho é a de discutir aspectos do som da trompa, que está profundamente enraizado no instrumento histórico, anterior ao século XIX. É o som da trompa que inspira os músicos, atrai os ouvintes e estimula os compositores. É seu som que mantém o músico estudando por horas para adquirir as habilidades necessárias para tocar bem. Nos ouvintes, o som da trompa evoca heroísmo e nobreza, saudosismo e romantismo e, por décadas, foi a voz básica destes sentimentos em filmes e trilhas sonoras. Os compositores têm mantido uma relação sempre cambiante com este instrumento que, por sua vez, continua a se modificar, e as inovações que eles propuseram afetaram diretamente o som do instrumento. Esta pesquisa irá explorar as técnicas que os trompistas têm à disposição para dar colorido ao som do instrumento. A maioria destas tem suas raízes na execução da trompa natural e esta é a justificativa para a abordagem utilizada neste trabalho: aplicar as técnicas da trompa natural na execução da trompa de válvulas. O timbre da trompa natural é bastante afetado pela posição da mão. A sonoridade resultante pode ficar abafada, emudecida, metálica, cálida e rica ou aberta e brilhante. A ornamentação em forma de trinados labiais, grupetos e mordentes é um resultado da habilidade do executante, assim como arpejar fácil e fluentemente ao longo da extensão do instrumento, é também um exemplo de habilidade técnica. Esta fluência apresenta-se como um aspecto da cor da tonalidade. A afinação, seja ela diatônica, justa, em quartos de tom ou seguindo a série harmônica naturais, também enfeita a cor do som. Na trompa, a afinação seguindo a série harmônica é obtida simplesmente tocando-se as notas naturais do instrumento. Como músico de orquestra, acredito que o posicionamento correta da mão e o treinamento da flexibilidade na trompa natural beneficiaram-me na obtenção das cores e no balanço desejados na música tocada em meu instrumento de válvulas. Enquanto solista e músico de câmara, os benefícios e novos usos dessas técnicas foram ainda mais evidentes. Este trabalho pretende então demonstrar, pela provisão de exemplos da literatura e da prática profissional, como as técnicas da trompa natural podem melhorar a performance da trompa de válvulas moderna. / The purpose of this document is to discuss aspects of horn sound deeply rooted in the pre-19th-century historical instrument. It is the sound of the horn that inspires players, draws listeners, and stimulates composers. Sound keeps the performer practicing for hours to learn the skills required to play well. To listeners, the horns sound evokes heroism and nobility, wistfulness and romance; for decades it has been an essential voice for such qualities in motion picture sound tracks. Composers have maintained an ever-changing relationship with an instrument that continues to evolve; their innovations directly affect the sound of the horn. This inquiry will explore techniques that horn players could use to color the horns sound. Most of these techniques have their roots in natural horn performance, thus the reason for the manner of my approach: applying natural horn techniques to modern valved horn performance practice. Sound colors are not only characterized by timbre, but also through facility and intonation. Natural horn timbres are largely affected by hand position. The resulting sonority can be muffled, muted, brassy, warm and rich, or open and bright. The players ability to provide ornamentation through lip trills, turns, and mordents is a result of his or her facility. The ability to arpeggiate fluently and easily throughout the range of the instrument is another example of facile technique. This fluency exhibits itself as aspects of tone color. Intonation, whether it be diatonic, just, quartertone or natural harmonic, also colors sound. For the horn, natural harmonic intonation is simply achieved by playing the unadjusted notes of the harmonic series. As an orchestral player, I find that the right hand and flexibility training on my natural horn has been of great benefit in creating, on my valved horn, the colors and balance desired in the music. As a soloist, orchestral and chamber player, the benefits and new uses of these techniques are even more pronounced. This document is designed to demonstrate, by providing examples from the literature and professional practice, how natural horn skills can enhance modern valved horn performance.