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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Enerom, et smitte- og sykdomsforebyggende tiltak i sykehus? / Single-occupancy rooms: an infectious disease prevention measure in hospitals?

Wang Børseth, Anita January 2011 (has links)
Hensikt: Hensikten med studien var å undersøke om enerom reduserer forekomsten av Clostridium difficile hos innlagte pasienter i sykehus. Metode: En deskriptiv epidemiologisk undersøkelse som benyttes for å kartlegge insidensen av C.difficile infeksjon hos innlagte pasienter på fire norske sykehus i perioden 2001-2010 knyttet til antall enerom. Det ble i tillegg gjennomført en retrospektiv undersøkelse der vi så på risikoen for C. difficile infeksjon i en avdeling før flytting i gammelt sykehus med få enerom, til nytt sykehus med bare enerom for nesten alle pasienter. Resultat: I denne studien fant vi ingen sammenheng mellom insidens av C. difficile og økt tilgang på enerom. Det var stor forskjell i insidens av C. difficile mellom fire store norske sykehus. Det ser ut til at risikoen for C. difficile infeksjon var høyere i gammelt sykehusbygg enn nytt sykehus i en avdeling med en høy forekomst av C. difficile infeksjon, men dette var ikke statistisk signifikant. Denne undersøkelsen kan ikke vise lavere risiko for C. difficile infeksjon for pasienter som ligger på enerom. Konklusjon: Andel enerom har økt ved flere sykehus i løpet av studieperioden, men denne studien har ikke klart å vise om enerom har en smitteforebyggende effekt i sykehus ved C. difficile infeksjon. Enerom kan sannsynlig tilrettelegge for bedre smitteforbyggende atferd hos helsepersonell. Det må til flere forebyggende tiltak, som blant annet enerom, for å forbygge spredning av C. difficile infeksjon. / Aims: This study aimed to investigate whether single-occupancy rooms reduce the incidence of Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) among hospitalized patients. Methods: The study used a descriptive epidemiologic approach to investigate the incidence of C. difficile infection in patients in four hospitals during 2001–2010, in relation to the number of single rooms. In addition, we conducted a retrospective study to investigate the risk for C. difficile infection in a hospital ward, in relation to the transfer of a hospital department from old hospital premises that contained only a few single rooms to a new hospital building containing single-occupancy rooms for almost all patients. Results: This study determined no correlation between the incidence of C. difficile infection and increased access to single-occupancy rooms. However, the incidence of C. difficile infection was considerably different in the four hospitals. The old hospital buildings showed higher but insignificant risk of C. difficile infection compared to the new hospital building. We were unable to demonstrate a lower risk of C. difficile infection among patients in single-occupancy rooms. Conclusions: Although the proportion of single-occupancy rooms increased in several of the hospitals during the study period, we were unable to show that the single-occupancy rooms prevent C. difficile infection in hospitalized patients. Single-occupancy rooms likely facilitate improved infection prevention behaviours in health professionals. Preventing the spread of C. difficile infection requires a collection of several preventive measures, including single-occupancy rooms. / <p>ISBN 978-91-86739-21-8</p>
2

Följsamheten till nationella riktlinjer för centralvenösa infarter på intensivvårdsavdelning : En intervjustudie

Hultqvist, Madeleine, Lundkvist, Michelle January 2020 (has links)
Bakgrund: Intensivvårdssjuksköterskan har en central roll beträffande hantering av centralvenösa infarter och det infektionsförebyggande arbetet som medföljer dem. Nationella riktlinjer för centralvenösa infarter är byggda utifrån evidens och patientsäkerhet. Trots detta så brister följsamheten vilket kan leda till förlängd vårdtid, vårdlidande och ökade samhällskostnader. Vad dessa brister beror på valdes att undersökas, utifrån ett intensivvårdssjuksköterskeperspektiv. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa intensivvårdssjuksköterskans upplevelser av följsamhet till nationella riktlinjer för hantering av centralvenösa infarter. Metod: En kvalitativ empirisk metod med induktiv ansats antogs. Nitton intensivvårdssjuksköterskor intervjuades och datamaterialet analyserades genom en manifest innehållsanalys. Resultat: Datamaterialet resulterade i tre kategorier; Tidens betydelse, Teamets betydelse och Den kliniska erfarenhetens betydelse. Det visar på vikten av intensivvårdssjuksköterskans evidensbaserade kunskap, kliniska blick och ansvarskänsla. Brister förekom när det var en fråga om tid, icke fungerande teamarbete och när intensivvårdssjuksköterskan inte höll sig uppdaterad med ny evidensbaserad kunskap. Slutsats: Organisatorisk förändring krävs för att ge intensivvårdssjuksköterskan tid att se hela patientens behov och möjlighet att uppsöka ny evidens vilket kan ha inflytande på hela teamets arbete kring intensivvårdspatienten. En förbättrad följsamhet till nationella riktlinjer leder till en ökad patientsäkerhet och ett minskat vårdlidande för patienten. / Background: The ICU nurse has a central role when it comes to the management of central venous catheters and the prevention of central line associated blood stream infections. National guidelines for central venous catheters are established from evidence and patient safety. Despite this fact there is a lack of compliance with guidelines which can lead to a prolonged hospital stay, patient suffering and an increased cost societally. To find out the causes of lack of compliance was the basis for this study, from the perspective of the ICU nurse. Aim: The aim of the study was to highlight the ICU nurse’s experiences of compliance to national guidelines for central venous catheters. Method: A qualitative empirical method with an inductive approach was adopted. Nineteen intensive care nurses were interviewed and the data was analyzed through a manifest content analysis. Results: The collected data resulted in three categories; The importance of time, The importance of working as a team and The importance of clinical experience. It presents the significance of the ICU nurse’s evidence-based knowledge, experience and sense of responsibility. Lack of compliance occurred when there was a time pressure, the team did not function properly and when the ICU nurse did not stay up to date with new evidence-based knowledge. Conclusion: Organizational change is required to give the ICU nurse time to be able to see all the needs of the patient and the opportunity to seek new evidence and thereby improve compliance to national guidelines. An increased opportunity for knowledge development for the ICU nurse can have an impact on the entire team working with the intensive care patient. Improved compliance to national guidelines leads to increased patient safety and reduces patient suffering.

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