A prática da medicina vem mudando rapidamente. Nos últimos 20 anos os profissionais de saúde tem se preocupado cada vez mais com os erros que ocorrem durante o processo de cuidado dos pacientes enquanto trabalham duramente para preveni-los e mitigá-los. Tão importante quanto o erro em si é a maneira como o evento adverso é discutido e a maneira como os profissionais envolvidos no erro são abordados. O objetivo da pesquisa foi aplicar um questionário sobre erro e abordagem do erro. O instrumento foi originalmente publicado em língua inglesa e validado em português pelo método de Brislin. Responderam ao questionário 161 profissionais de saúde (enfermeiros, técnicos de enfermagem, médicos e fisioterapeutas) provenientes de 19 diferentes unidades de terapia intensiva adulto públicas e privadas da cidade de São Paulo (Estado de São Paulo - Brasil).Os resultados revelaram que profissionais do sexo masculino são mais propensos a reconhecer que cometem erros em relação a profissionais do sexo feminino com uma razão de chances de 0,21 (0,07-0,65); que profissionais oriundos de unidades públicas reportam com mais frequência que ameaça de processos {RC 0,23 (0,11 - 0,48)}, ameaça à estabilidade no emprego {RC 0,49 (0,24 - 0,99)} e personalidade de outros membros da equipe {RC 0,22 (0,09 - 0,51)} são motivos para que os erros não sejam discutidos tampouco abordados adequadamente. Estas informações levantam possíveis oportunidades para aprofundar a discussão e o tratamento de eventos adversos em unidades de terapia intensiva / The practice of medicine is changing quickly. In the last 20 years, health professionals have increasingly worried about errors that occur during the process of patient care while working hard for its prevention and mitigation.As important as the error itself is the way each adverse event is discussed as well as each professional involved in an error is approached .The goal of the research was applying a survey about error and its approach. The tool was originally published in english and afterwards validated in portuguese by the Brislin method. The survey was answered by 161 health professionals (nurses, nurse technicians, intensive care physicians and physiotherapists) coming from 19 different adult intensive care units both public and private in the city of São Paulo (São Paulo - Brazil). The results revealed that male professionals are more likely to recognize having made an error than female professionals with a odds ratio of 0.21 (0.07-0.65). It also showed that professionals coming from public units report more often that the threat of litigation {RC 0.23 (0.11 - 0.48)}, threat of unemployment {RC 0,49 (0,24 - 0,99) } and other team members personality {RC 0.22} (0.09 - 0.51) are reasons for problems not being discussed or addressed. The informations collected on this survey raise opportunities to improve the study and treatment of adverse events in intensive care units

Orientador: Emerson Elias Merhy / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T22:14:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Freire_JuneBarreiros_D.pdf: 1664603 bytes, checksum: 0e6a4a665361de561854aa2816064b1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Doutorado / Saude Coletiva / Doutor em Saude Coletiva

Lam Lop Chi. / Thesis submitted in: August 2005. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-126). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.I / Abstract in English --- p.II-IV / Abstract in Chinese --- p.V-VI / List of Abbreviations --- p.VII-IX / List of Figures --- p.X / List of Tables --- p.XI-XII / Table of Contents --- p.XIII-XV / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Risk factors --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Overseas guidelines in CAD management --- p.11 / Chapter 1.4 --- Angioplasty in CAD intervention --- p.15 / Chapter 1.5 --- Prevention or Intervention? --- p.21 / Chapter 1.6 --- Economic impact on PCI --- p.24 / Chapter 1.7 --- Cost of illness --- p.28 / Chapter 1.8 --- Hypothesis --- p.30 / Chapter 1.9 --- Objectives --- p.30 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Cost of AMI Study / Chapter 2.1 --- Background --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2 --- Objective --- p.32 / Chapter 2.3 --- Method --- p.32 / Chapter 2.4 --- Results --- p.35 / Chapter 2.5 --- Discussion --- p.49 / Chapter 2.6 --- Study limitations --- p.58 / Chapter 2.7 --- Conclusions --- p.58 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Angina study / Chapter 3.1 --- Background --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2 --- Objective --- p.76 / Chapter 3.3 --- Hypothesis --- p.76 / Chapter 3.4 --- Method --- p.76 / Chapter 3.5 --- Results --- p.79 / Chapter 3.6 --- Discussion --- p.93 / Chapter 3.7 --- Study limitations --- p.101 / Chapter 3.8 --- Conclusions --- p.101 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Overall Discussion --- p.103 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusions --- p.112 / References --- p.114 / Appendix --- p.127

Univ., Diss.--Linz, 2006.

Background: Despite the decrease and achieving the fourth target of the Millennium Development Goals, infant mortality is still high in Brazil. Neonatal mortality represents 60% of infant mortality. Almost one million neonatal deaths occur on the day of birth. Adequate hospital structure and high coverage of work processes in neonatal care, recommended by World Health Organization in the Essential Newborn Care program could reduce neonatal mortality. Objective: to assess hospital structure adequacy according newborns needs and to describe the coverage of Essential Newborn Care items in Brazilian neonatal care, next to childbirth. Methods: A cohort study was conducted between February 2011 and October 2012, in 266 public and private funding maternity hospitals of five major regions of Brazil including data of 23,894 postnatal women and their infants. We interviewed maternity hospitals managers and postnatal woman and we assay medical records of mothers and newborns. The proportions of newborns with high obstetric risk were analysed according to the presence of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and the level of adequacy of hospital structure. To analyse association between the categories, we used the chi-square test, considering p <0.05. Simple regression models were developed to estimate the strength of the associations between the dependent variable (non-access to each item of essential newborn care) and the hospital structure and maternal socio-demographics characteristics. In sequence, multiple regression models were developed with each dependent variable and the independent variables that proved significant in the first analysis. The odds ratios were adjusted, and 95% CI were estimated. Results: Only 10% of newborns with high obstetric risk were born in public maternity hospitals with NICU and with an adequate structure. In private sector, they were 8%. In public sector almost 50% of newborns with high obstetric risk were born in maternity hospital without NICU; that percentage rose to over 60% in the North, Northeast and non-capital cities. Antenatal corticosteroids were used in 41% of cases where this was indicated; this declined to 20% in the North and Mid-West and rose to 63.1% at private facilities. Early skin-to-skin contact occurred in 26.3% of births and in 39.7% of vaginal deliveries. 59.1% of all newborns were breastfed in their first hour of birth. Inadequate (ORa 2.16; CI95% 1.17-4.01) and without NICU beds (ORa 3.93; CI95% 2.34-6.66) maternity hospitals were the factors most associated with non-use of antenatal corticosteroids. Caesarean section was most associated with the absence of early skin-to-skin contact (ORa 3.07; CI95% 3.37-4.90) and absence of breastfeeding in the first hour of birth (ORa 2.55; CI95% 2.21-2.96). Conclusions: A great number of newborns with high obstetric risk were born in inadequate maternity hospitals. The coverage of the Essential Newborn Care items in Brazil is low, and varies depending on the characteristics of both the mother and the health facility where the delivery occurs. We found association between absence of use of antenatal corticosteroid and inadequate structure. Caesarean section was found as a risk factor to absence of early skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding in the first hour of birth. / Introdução: A mortalidade infantil no Brasil, apesar de ter sido reduzida e alcançado a quarta meta dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio, ainda é elevada. O componente neonatal é responsável por 60% dessas mortes. Quase um milhão de mortes neonatais no mundo ocorrem no mesmo dia de nascimento. Estrutura hospitalar adequada e ampliação da cobertura dos processos de atendimento ao recém-nascido (RN), que são medidas preconizadas pela Organização Mundial de Saúde e estão agrupadas no programa Essential Newborn Care, poderiam reduzir a mortalidade neonatal. Objetivos: avaliar a adequação estrutural das maternidades brasileiras às necessidades do RN e a frequência de realização dos itens do Essential Newborn Care na assistência ao RN, no período próximo ao parto. Métodos: estudo transversal utilizando dados da pesquisa “Nascer no Brasil”, coorte sobre partos e nascimentos que ocorreram entre fevereiro de 2011 e outubro de 2012, em 266 maternidades públicas e privadas das cinco macrorregiões do Brasil, incluindo dados de 23.894 puérperas e seus RNs. Informações foram obtidas por meio de entrevista com o gestor, com as puérperas e através da análise dos prontuários. As proporções de RN em situação de alto risco foram analisadas conforme a presença de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) e o grau de adequação da estrutura hospitalar, verificando a associação entre essas variáveis através do teste do qui-quadrado, considerado significativo se p<0,05. Para estimar a intensidade da associação entre a ausência de realização de algum item do Essential Newborn Care e características estruturais da unidade ou sócio-demográficas maternas foram realizados modelos de regressão simples. Em seguida, modelos de regressão múltipla foram desenvolvidos utilizando cada variável dependente e as variáveis independentes que foram significativas na regressão simples. Foram estimadas as razões de chance ajustadas (ORa) com os intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Apenas 10% dos RNs em situação de alto risco nasceram em maternidades públicas com UTIN cuja estrutura foi classificada como adequada. No setor privado este percentual foi de 8%. No setor público, quase 50% da demanda de RN em situação de alto risco nasceu em maternidade sem UTIN, percentual que se elevou para mais de 60% nas Regiões Norte, Nordeste e cidades que não eram a capital. O corticoide antenatal foi utilizado em 41% dos casos indicados; reduzindo para 20% no Norte e Centro-Oeste e aumentando para 63,1% em estabelecimentos privados. O contato pele a pele precoce ocorreu em 26,3% dos partos e em 39,7% dos partos vaginais. O início do aleitamento materno na primeira hora de vida ocorreu para 59,1% dos neonatos. Unidades classificadas como inadequadas (ORa 2,16; IC95% 1,17-4,01) e sem UTIN (ORa 3,93; IC95% 2,34-6,66) estiveram mais associadas à não utilização do corticoide antenatal. A cesariana esteve mais associada à não realização do contato pele a pele precoce (ORa 3,07; IC95% 3,37-4,90) e do aleitamento materno na primeira hora de vida (ORa 2,55; IC95% 2,21-2,96). Conclusões: Proporção importante de RNs em situação de alto risco nasceram em unidades com estrutura inadequada para atender suas necessidades. As práticas descritas no Essential Newborn Care investigadas tiveram baixa cobertura em todo o país. Houve associação entre inadequação estrutural da maternidade e não uso de corticoide antenatal. A cesariana foi encontrada como fator de risco para ausência de contato pele a pele precoce e de aleitamento materno na primeira hora de vida. / Aracaju

Text in English / The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of community members regarding their participation in hospital boards in Dr Kenneth Kaunda district, North West Province. A qualitative exploratory-descriptive research was conducted on a purposively selected sample of community members who served in the board for a minimum period of two years. Data were collected by means of individual interviews and analysed by means of thematic data analysis. Three themes that emerged from data analysis were creation of opportunities, benefits and challenges. A mix of positive and negative experiences was expressed by community representatives regarding their participation in hospital boards. Participants described their experiences as enjoyable and empowering while others described it as a learning experience through which they acquired knowledge and new skills. The challenges experienced whilst serving in hospital boards included ineffective communication, poor relations and role conflict as a result of lack of role clarification. The findings from the study may be used to enhance the effectiveness of hospital governing boards through the participation of community members. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

Text in English / The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of community members regarding their participation in hospital boards in Dr Kenneth Kaunda district, North West Province. A qualitative exploratory-descriptive research was conducted on a purposively selected sample of community members who served in the board for a minimum period of two years. Data were collected by means of individual interviews and analysed by means of thematic data analysis. Three themes that emerged from data analysis were creation of opportunities, benefits and challenges. A mix of positive and negative experiences was expressed by community representatives regarding their participation in hospital boards. Participants described their experiences as enjoyable and empowering while others described it as a learning experience through which they acquired knowledge and new skills. The challenges experienced whilst serving in hospital boards included ineffective communication, poor relations and role conflict as a result of lack of role clarification. The findings from the study may be used to enhance the effectiveness of hospital governing boards through the participation of community members. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)