In spite of the increasing importance of the service industry, it has failed to receive much attention from researchers. This lack of attention is especially true of the hospitality segment of the service industry, and consequently, almost no attention has been paid specifically to hotels and motels. This study explores the possible reasons for poor or inadequate service by attempting to first identify the important complexity variables of service, and second to evaluate how those variables relate to employee attitudinal reactions to their job. A total of sixteen job characteristics, theorized to have a positive effect on service complexity, were empirically tested against attitudinal reactions measures. The data was collected from 212 front office employees in 25 different hotels and motels. This study modified and evaluated an instrument (The Job Diagnostic Survey) that may be used to measure both complexity and attitudinal reaction variables. The modifications included the addition of nine new complexity variables. The results concluded that the modified instrument was internally reliable at an acceptable level for new research, and that there was strong evidence to support content validity and nomological validity measures which tended to favor the original variables over the newly proposed complexity variables. Implications of this study highlight the fact that there is considerable uncertainty in the measurement of hotel/motel service operations. Therefore, additional research is necessary to more completely define the characteristics of service complexity and then to measure its effects on employee attitudes. / Ph. D.

A lodge at Crowder's Mountain provides the opportunity through which to investigate the contextual relationship between a natural undisturbed site and the introduction of a man-made environment. responsible design should instill a ‘sense of place’ by addressing the special forces within each site. in search of this ‘sense of place’ my efforts involve the development and integration of forms, materials, and spaces which are generated directly from the physical and qualitative characteristics of the site. / Master of Architecture

No / This article briefly outlines the convergence vs. divergence debate before describing research into the potential impact of national culture on the transfer of ''best practice operations management'' to hotels in St. Lucia. The main focus of the paper is on the findings of fieldwork, which supports the contention that national culture does potentially create a barrier to the successful transposition of approaches developed elsewhere. In the case of St. Lucia high uncertainty avoidance and leanings towards high power distance appeared to hinder the adoption of teamworking, empowerment and communication. In addition, attitude towards time and punctuality also mitigated against the provision of a reliable service as and when required. However, with training and supportive HR practices, the end results achieved by International Chains did demonstrate the value of operating ''people friendly'' policies in line with ''best practice''. This article briefly outlines the convergence vs. divergence debate before describing research into the potential impact of national culture on the transfer of ''best practice operations management'' to hotels in St. Lucia. The main focus of the paper is on the findings of fieldwork, which supports the contention that national culture does potentially create a barrier to the successful transposition of approaches developed elsewhere. In the case of St. Lucia high uncertainty avoidance and leanings towards high power distance appeared to hinder the adoption of teamworking, empowerment and communication. In addition, attitude towards time and punctuality also mitigated against the provision of a reliable service as and when required. However, with training and supportive HR practices, the end results achieved by International Chains did demonstrate the value of operating ''people friendly'' policies in line with ''best practice''.

This research study aims to investigate consumers' perception ( attitudes and their intention to chose) of green hotels. Due to significant increases in the Hispanic population and consequently their purchasing power, the study will focus on Hispanics' attitudes. Additionally, this study seeks to enlighten and identify attitudes that could possibly attract a different kind of consumer to green hotels. ' The use of eco-friendly products has risen as more people become aware of the consequences human behavior has on the environment. Likewise, the amount of hotels that employ strong efforts on environmental activities has increased. However, the concept of green hotels seems to be stronger in the supply-side rather than the consumer demand-side. This could be attributed to misperceptions of consumers' environmental behaviors and ineffective marketing campaigns. Additionally, a market that has not been thoroughly considered is the rapidly growing market of Hispanic consumers. A theoretical and practical approach is used throughout the study. The empirical part of the study was conducted at the 2009 Hispanic Business and Consumer Expo in Central Florida. The findings suggest that the Hispanic consumer has a highly positive attitude toward eco-friendly measures practiced in hotels. Additionally, the findings show significant differences within Hispanic subgroups when classified by various demographic factors. In consideration of the findings, practical implications are contended and future research is suggested in view of the limitations faced.

Chan Yuen Chiu, Priscilla. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2009-2010, design report." / "May 2010." / SITE ISSUE / Chapter 1.1 --- EXISTING SITE ANALYSIS / Chapter 1.1.1 --- PRELIMINARY SITE MAPPING / Chapter 1.1.2 --- "PLACE DEFINITION = (Public Room, Private Room, Open Space)" / Chapter 1.1.3 --- PLACE for COMMUNITY & TOURIST ACROSS TIME / Chapter 1.2 --- HYBRID TYPE in YMT / Chapter 1.2.1 --- PEOPLE / Chapter 1.2.2 --- ACCOMMODATION / Chapter 1.2.3 --- ACTIVITIES / Chapter 1.3 --- THEATRICAL CULTURE of YMT / Chapter 1.3.1 --- ELEMENTS OF STAGE / Chapter ´Ø --- Place/ Programme/ People/ Time/ Activities/ Building Types / Chapter 1.3.2 --- TOURIST'S and COMMUNITY'S PLACE / Chapter ´Ø --- Frontstage & Backstage / Chapter ´Ø --- Performer & Audience / Chapter ´Ø --- Image X People & Evolution / Chapter ´Ø --- "Needs X People @ Community, Tourist, Government..etc" / GOVERNMENT PLANNING PROPOSAL / Chapter 2.1 --- CENTRAL KOWLOON ROUTE - GOVERNMENT PLANNING / Chapter 2.2 --- CENTRAL KOWLOON ROUTE INFLUENCE / Chapter 2.3 --- OTHER PLANNING / Chapter 2.3.1 --- HIGHWAY PLANNING / Chapter 2.3.2 --- OUTLINE ZONING PLAN / URBAN PLANNING DESIGN / Chapter 3.1 --- PROGRAMME REDISTRIBUTION / Chapter 3.2 --- REHABILITATION CENTER CASE STUDIES / Chapter 3.3 --- PROPOSED PROGRAMME / Chapter 3.1.1 --- HOTEL CASE STUDIES / Chapter 3.1.2 --- HOTEL DESIGN GUIDELINE / ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN / Chapter 4.1 --- DESIGN STRATEGY

Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 120).

The management style and the communication practice of a hotel management often determine to an extent the behaviour of employees and eventually, the quality of service as well as the performance of the hotel. The objective of this study is to explore the management styles and the communication practices of hotel managers by investigating how it is perceived by hotel employees in Johannesburg and Pretoria, in South Africa. A cross-sectional survey design was used in which a five point Likert scale self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 250 respondents who were randomly selected from 60 hotels. The results show that there is a racial imbalance in the distribution of managerial positions within the hotels. The democratic management (32.8%), paternalistic management (25.2%) and the walk around management (23.2%) styles were perceived by respondents to be the most utilised management styles in hotels. Majority of the respondents (72 %) either agree or strongly agree that the main purpose of communication in their company is to get employees to behave in the way top management wants them to do so. In addition, the majority of respondents (60%) also indicated that the communication style of their superiors either never or rarely lead to employee empowerment. The one-way communication from management to other employees (top-up) is the most predominant form of communication among Pretoria and Johannesburg hotels / Colleges of Economic and Management Sciences / M.A. (Consumer Science)

Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Tourism and Hospitality Management Faculty of Business Cape Peninsula University of Technology / Environmental management is a new phenomenon, one which affects not only the way that individuals live their lives today but also how businesses operate. Environmental policies cannot simply be introduced, especially in the hospitality industry. Although the industry thrives off customer satisfaction, like any other business it relies on making a profit each financial year for it to stay operational. This research was undertaken to determine if implementing an environmental policy has any effect on the financial statements of a select group of hotels within the Cape Metropole. In answering this question, the researcher was able to establish what the relationship between implementing environmental management policies was and the effect it has on the financial side of a specific group of hotels. “Hotels are also being pressured to move towards triple bottom line reporting (3bl), involving the relationship between profit, people, and planet” (Kleindorfer, Singhal & Van Wassenhove, 2005:482). “To encourage an environmentally more responsible behavior in the hotel sector, it was necessary to demonstrate the cost savings of these practices” (Bohdanowicz, 2005:188-205). The research methodology consisted of both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Interviews were conducted with participants from key organizations, and with people who were linked to the hotel industry and environmental management. These included government organizations, SARS, which deals with all tax-related laws in South Africa, Eskom, the country’s energy providing company, as well as with a travel agency which deals with hotel bookings on both a local and international level. A focus group was also undertaken to ensure that the problems being researched were discussed fully by likeminded people, and by those who were directly involved with carrying out these policies in hotels. Questionnaires were sent to all the four- and five-star hotels within the Cape Metropole to assess the current situation relating to environmental management and their financial profit or loss. The research determined that implementing environmental policies has both a positive and negative effect on financial statements, thus proving that there is a direct link between the two. The findings clearly showed that environmental policies, whilst good for the surroundings and the environment, can be financially draining for a business if not properly planned prior to implementation. With correct research, however, this can be done in the correct manner, with results that are positive for both the environment and for the company’s financial statements.

Travel is now the largest online business-to-consumer product in the United States. Online hotel bookings are the second largest segment of online travel. Leisure travelers online spending will increase dramatically from 2002 to 2007. However, a majority of hospitality companies do not currently take advantage of the Internet as the cheapest and most efficient distribution medium. The purpose of this study examined leisure travelers' demographic and psychographic characteristics, online booking and travel frequency that influence travelers' desired hotel Website features and functions. The results found out that demographics (gender, occupation, and ethnicity), and psychographics (travel benefit sought), number of leisure travel trips per year, and number of online hotel bookings per year have impact on hotel Website attribute preferences.

Employee turnover has been one of the most serious issues facing the hotel industry for many years. Both researchers and practitioners have devoted considerable time and effort to better understand and indentify ways to decrease employee turnover. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of individual differences focusing on career motivation and polychronicity on job satisfaction and its influence on employee turnover intention in the hotel industry. This study surveyed 609 non-supervisory employees working at two Dallas hotels. Respondents provided information regarding career motivations, polychronicity, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. Career motivations were significantly related to employee job satisfaction which impacted employee turnover intention. This finding can be useful to hotel companies and their managers when attempting to understand employee motivation.