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Assessing public participation strategies in low-income housing : the Mamre housing projectDavy, Janine 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (Public and Development Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / The role of public participation within government administration is set out in Chapter
10 of the Constitution (South Africa, 1996) which states that “people’s needs must be
responded to, and the public must be encouraged to participate in policy making”.
Public participation processes are encapsulated within various legislative mandates
such as the Integrated Development Plans, the White Paper on Local Government
(South Africa, 1998c) and the White Paper on Transforming Public Service Delivery
(South Africa, 1997b).
Public participation is critical to the success of sustainable development and
therefore South Africa should justifiably “promote public participation, including
through measures that provide access to information regarding legislation,
regulations, activities, policies and programmes” (United Nations, 2002:71).
The strategies implemented to produce what can be considered successful public
participation is an aspect not thoroughly considered in the development process. For
this reason this study delves into the various facets of public participation and the
environment it operates in.
The research methodology encompasses the use of the Mamre low-income housing
project as case study, qualitative, primary and secondary data as well as a
comparative literature study. where 100 respondents were Face-to-face interviewsed
face-to-face were conducted with 100 respondents from the Mamre community,
withthrough the use of a structured questionnaire. Face- to- face interviews were also
conducted with a municipal housing officer involved in the projectcase study. The
results of the questionnaires were then investigated againstcompared to the public
participation model depicted in chapter 3 as well as the interview answers given by
the municipal housing official in terms of the public participation strategies employed. Qualitative and secondary data, as well as a comparative literature survey, informs
the content of this study.
The study examines the role that public participation plays in development by means
of the public participation strategies employed within different contexts and
iii
formulates a public participation model with recommended public participation
strategies to be utilised within four different phases.
To emphasise the importance of implementing the correct, context-appropriate public
participation strategies, this study uses the Mamre low-cost housing project as a
case study to demonstrate how the lack of the appropriate public participation
strategies can result in the failure of sustainable development.
Having considered all of the above, a number of recommendations are made which
can be considered when embarking on a project similar to this one. In the case of
Mamre, an opportunity for improvement still exists, as the project is yet to be
completed.
The recommendations are based on categorising the public participation strategies
Blaauwberg Municipality employed throughout the Mamre low-cost housing project
according to the public participation model presented in chapter 3. The
recommendations incorporates the lessons learnt from Cupido and suggests a preproject
strategy and pre-project planning workshops (which explains, amongst other
things, .what authentic and empowering public participation actually is).
The research results indicate that if a more structured approach is applied to existing
strategies, the public participation process can be rendered authentic and
empowering. Therefore, further recommendations are aimed at improving the
strategies already utilised by Blaauwberg Municipality, to optimise the public
participation process.
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Implementing sustainable human settlementsSmeddle-Thompson, Lisa 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In our rapidly urbanising world, the need for sustainable settlement planning,
particularly for the poor in developing countries, is essential. In South Africa,
apartheid spatial constructs segregated black population groups, denying them
equal access to economic opportunities; housing; as well as basic and social
services. After the first democratic elections in 1994, policy makers attempted to
redress these inequalities. Though early housing policy aimed to provide secure
tenure: permanent residential structures, and access to basic services for the poor,
these policies failed to meet the objectives of the policy makers. In articulating that
the state could not meet the needs of the homeless, and that housing for the poor
should be delivered within a normalized market in order to attract private investment,
these policies (which promoted private sector, contractor-driven development) only
served to heighten inequalities previously entrenched by the apartheid regime.
In 2004, after measuring delivery failures, policy makers empowered the state to
become an enabler of subsidised and low-income housing delivery, rather than
leaving housing provision solely to the market. The new policy included the use of
multiple finance and delivery mechanisms, multiple housing typologies, and clearly
expressed the need for capacity development. It also espoused the need for citizens
to become participants in sustainable settlement delivery. Despite this, policy
implementation continues to be fragmented and mostly ineffectual. Interviews, survey results and site visits reveal that there are some examples of
integrated sustainable human settlements in the South African (SA) context. A few
recent examples showcase better quality houses, a broader variety of housing
options and typologies, better locations, functioning developmental relationships and
the use of multiple financing mechanisms. Conversely, case studies and
comparative analysis of developments reveal that most projects designated as
Breaking New Ground (BNG) responsive by government officials (as defined in the
study) fail to meet BNG policy objectives. This study argues that low-income housing
provision continues to focus on the delivery of free-standing subsidy houses without
providing a range of typologies and tenure options. It argues that basic and socialservice
provision is intermittent and, at times, non-existent. It argues that current funding models for the development of sustainable human settlements in low-income
communities are unable to meet basic needs within communities. It shows that skills
scarcities within government prevent the acceleration of housing delivery and that
participation strategies have failed to meet the policy objective of enabling citizens to
become participants in sustainable settlement development.
In conclusion, it recommends that the current focus on and allocations of subsidies
toward ownership models for shelter and housing delivery be re-examined. It
suggests that support should be provided for lending institutions to extend finance to
creditworthy, low- and middle-income families. Additionally, accredited capacitybuilding
programmes should be developed and funded for local authorities, enabling
local government to be the sole driver of local development. It argues that capacity
should be built in community organisations to speed up delivery processes, and
recommends that provincial government’s power and authority be incrementally
devolved to local government as capacity is increased within local authorities. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Weens die snelle verstedeliking in Suid-Afrika het die behoefte aan beplanning van
volhoubare nedersettings noodsaaklik geword, veral vir armes in ontwikkelende
lande. Tydens apartheid is gesegregeerde swart gemeenskappe gelyke toegang tot
ekonomiese geleenthede, behuising, sowel as basiese en maatskaplike dienste
ontneem. Na 1994 het beleidmakers gepoog om hierdie ongelykhede reg te stel.
Hoewel vroeë behuisingsbeleid daarop gemik was om permanente residensiële
strukture wat toegang tot basiese dienste sou verseker, het hierdie beleid egter
gefaal. Toe die staat nie sy doelwitte kon bereik nie, is daar besluit om private
beleggings te lok. Hierdie privaatsektor gedrewe beleid, wat ontwikkeling binne 'n
genormaliseerde mark sou bevorder, het egter slegs gedien om ongelykhede te
verskerp. Dit is dan ook dieselfde ongelykhede wat voorheen in die apartheidsbeleid
verskans is.
In 2004, na besef is dat verskaffing misluk het, het beleidmakers die staat bemagtig
om te verseker dat gesubsidieerde behuising vir lae-inkomste groepe verskaf word,
eerder as om behuising slegs aan die private sektor oor te laat. Die nuwe beleid het
ingesluit die gebruik van verskeie finansiële en leweringsmeganismes, meervoudige
behuising-tipologieë, en het duidelik die behoefte aan kapasiteitsontwikkeling
vergestalt. Dit het ook die behoefte onderstreep wat daar bestaan vir landsburgers
om deel te neem aan die proses van lewering van volhoubare nedersettings. Ten
spyte hiervan is min sukses behaal.
Hierdie studie voer aan dat daar 'n paar voorbeelde van geïntegreerde volhoubare
menslike nedersettings in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks bestaan. Onlangse
voorbeelde dui op huise van ‘n beter gehalte, 'n groter verskeidenheid van
behuisingsopsies en tipologieë, geskikter ruimtes, die funksionering van die
ontwikkelingsverhoudings en die gebruik van verskeie finansieringsmeganismes.
Aan die ander kant, alhoewel regeringsamptenare die meeste projekte aanvaar as
synde dat hulle voldoen aan die vereistes van Breaking New Ground (BNG),
voldoen hulle nie aan die vereistes van die BNG se beleid nie. Hierdie studie voer
aan dat die voorsiening van lae-inkomste-behuising bly fokus op die lewering van
subsidies vir vrystaande huise sonder dat 'n reeks tipologieë en ook opsies ten opsigte van verblyfreg verskaf word. Basiese en maatskaplike diensvoorsiening is
gebrekkig en soms totaal afwesig. Hierbenewens is die huidige finansiële modelle
vir die ontwikkeling van volhoubare menslike nedersettings in lae-inkomste
gemeenskappe nie in staat om in die basiese behoeftes van die gemeenskappe te
voorsien nie. Dis duidelik dat ‘n tekort aan vaardighede binne die regering verhoed
dat die lewering van behuising versnel en dat die strategieë vir deelname deur
burgers aan die proses ook gefaal het. Ten slotte beveel hierdie studie aan dat die
huidige stelsel vir die toekennings van subsidies vir die lewering van skuiling en
behuising weer nagegaan word. Ondersteuning moet gegee word aan instellings
wat finansiering voorsien en dit behoort uitgebrei te word na lae- en middel-inkomste
families wat kredietwaardig is. Kapasiteitsbou-programme behoort geskep te word
vir plaaslike owerhede wat dan alleen sal omsien na plaaslike ontwikkeling.
Gemeenskapsorganisasies behoort ook bemagtig te word om leweringsprosesse te
bespoedig. Die provinsiale regering se magte en gesag moet inkrementeel
oorhandig word aan plaaslike regering soos kapasiteit binne plaaslike owerhede self
uitbrei.
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An assessment of South African housing co-operatives : the case of Ilinge Labahlali housing co-operative, Nyanga, Cape TownHerbst, Adriana 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPA (Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Co-operatives as a form of business have a long history in South Africa. The successes of
agricultural co-operatives are well known. Housing co-operatives, however, are a
relatively unfamiliar concept as a form of business to provide tenure, and for those who are
involved in it, a frustrating and long process to obtain housing.
This study examined the issue of housing co-operatives as part of addressing the housing
crisis in South Africa taking into consideration that this specific model (housing
development co-operatives) does not fall under the Social Housing sector anymore. It
involves a comprehensive literature study of the history of co-operatives internationally and
in South Africa as well as analysing different models implemented internationally and in
South Africa; a review of legislation; policies affecting housing co-operatives; analysis of
data and information and surveys of housing co-operatives.
The specific aims of the research were:
• To determine the different models of successful housing development cooperatives
internationally;
• To determine the viability and sustainability of housing development co-operatives
in Third World Countries;
• To determine the current status of the registered housing co-operatives in South
Africa;
• To determine the different models implemented in South Africa;
• To evaluate the housing development co-operative sector in South Africa;
• To determine the viability and sustainability of a registered housing development
co-operative in Cape Town, (Ilinge Labahlali Housing Co-operative, Nyanga, Cape
Town, South Africa); and
• To determine the challenges faced by the co-operative and how they foresee these
challenges being overcome. The study followed a survey design, including both qualitative and quantitative aspects.
The qualitative approach related to the views and opinions of co-operative members with
regards to the socio-economic impact that the co-operative have had and the quantitative
approach relates to statistical and measurable data obtained from the Department of
Trade and Industry in terms of a number of variables such as: type of co-operatives,
categories indicated and Province representation.
For the purpose of this study, only housing co-operatives were contacted and research
was conducted on the state of housing co-operatives and if each housing co-operative
meet the selection criteria of the Housing Development Co-operative Model.
In critically assessing housing co-operatives in South Africa, it was determined that the
unacceptable level of support from all three tiers of Government, was the prime problem
experienced by housing co-operatives. Several reasons can explain this, the most
prominent as follow:
1. The Department of Trade and Industry’s lack of proper record keeping and
administration;
2. Housing development co-operatives do not benefit from the Social Housing sector
in South Africa;
3. Department of Housing’s lack of knowledge with regards to the housing cooperative
sector;
4. No synergy between different Government departments with regards to housing cooperatives;
5. Municipalities do not have the know-how regarding co-operatives and/or display an
unwillingness to assist housing co-operatives;
6. Housing co-operatives established by outside agencies/Government departments
receive no follow-up and support;
7. No proper Government housing co-operative department focusing on housing
delivery with the necessary knowledge and support mechanisms in place.
It is clear that in the late nineties, the co-operative principle was promoted by the
Department of Housing, Social Housing Foundation and community workers alike as the
new brain child of international agencies (Rooftops Canada, Norwegian Government, Swedish Government) to secure housing for communities building on the concept of
“ubuntu”. Afterwards the emphasis were shifted to Social Housing Institutions and rental
tenure and the few housing co-operatives registered, were left in the cold with no support
structures available to them.
With no support from international agencies, national-, provincial- and local Government
the future of these housing co-operatives are bleak. Co-operative members are
community driven, but without the necessary capacity-building and institutional support,
community members become despondent and the co-operative principles of “working
together to achieve more” are seen as just another scheme which failed in the delivery of
housing.
This study found that the grass root housing co-operative with the support of all levels of
Government can be successful providing that community structures such as saving groups
and hostel committees are in place. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Koöperasies as bedryfsvorm het ’n lang geskiedenis in Suid-Afrika. Die welslae van
landboukoöperasies is wel bekend. Behuisingskoöperasies is egter ’n relatief onbekende
konsep as bedryfsvorm om eiendomsreg te verskaf en vir diegene wat daarby betrokke is,
is dit ’n frustrerende en uitgerekte proses waarvolgens behuising bekom kan word.
Dié studie het die behuisingskoöperasie-aangeleentheid as deel van die aanspreek van
die behuisingskrisis in Suid-Afrika onder die loep geplaas met inagneming daarvan dat
hierdie spesifieke model (ontwikkelingsbehuising-koöperasies) nie meer onder die
Maatskaplike Behuisingsektor ressorteer nie. Dit het ’n omvattende literatuurstudie van
die geskiedenis van koöperasies internasionaal en in Suid-Afrika behels, asook ’n analise
van verskillende modelle wat internasionaal en in Suid-Afrika toegepas word; ’n oorsig van
relevante wetgewing; beleidsrigtings wat behuisingskoöperasies raak; analise van data en
inligting, en opnames van behuisingskoöperasies.
Die spesifieke doelwitte van die navorsing was:
• Om die verskillende modelle van geslaagde ontwikkelingsbehuising-koöperasies
internasionaal te bepaal;
• Om die lewensvatbaarheid en volhoubaarheid van ontwikkelingsbehuisingkoöperasies
in lande van die Derde Wêreld te bepaal;
• Om die huidige status van die geregistreerde behuisingskoöperasies in Suid-Afrika
te bepaal;
• Om die verskillende modelle wat in Suid-Afrika toegepas word, te bepaal;
• Om die behuisingsontwikkeling-koöperasiesektor in Suid-Afrika te evalueer;
• Om die lewensvatbaarheid en volhoubaarheid van ’n geregistreerde
behuisingsontwikkeling-koöperasie in Kaapstad (llinge Labahlali
Behuisingskoöperasie, Nyanga, Kaapstad, Suid-Afrika) te bepaal, en
• Om die uitdaging wat deur die koöperasies in die gesig gestaar word, te bepaal en
hoe daar gemeen word dié uitdaging te bowe gekom gaan word. Dié studie is aan die hand van ’n vooropgestelde opnamepatroon uitgevoer wat
kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe aspekte ingesluit het. Die kwalitatiewe benadering was
gerig op die sieninge en menings van koöperasielede met betrekking tot die sosioekonomiese
impak van die koöperasie, en die kwantitatiewe benadering het te make
gehad met die statistiese en meetbare data rakende ’n aantal veranderlikes, soos soorte
koöperasies, aangeduide kategorieë en provinsiale verteenwoordiging, wat van die
Departement van Handel en Nywerheid bekom is.
Vir die doel van hierdie studie is daar net met behuisingskoöperasies geskakel en
navorsing is gedoen op die stand van behuisingskoöperasies en of iedere so ’n koöperasie
aan die keuringskriteria van die model van die ontwikkelingsbehuising-koöperasie voldoen.
Na kritiese beskouing van behuisingskoöperasies in Suid-Afrika, is daar vasgestel dat die
onaanvaarbare mate van ondersteuning wat van die drie vlakke van regering ontvang
word, die vernaamste probleem is waarmee behuisingskoöperasies te kampe het. Onder
die talle redes wat as verduideliking kan dien, is die volgende die mees prominente:
1. Die Departement van Handel en Nywerheid se gebrek aan deeglike rekordhouding
en administrasie;
2. Ontwikkelingsbehuising-koöperasies vind nie baat by die Maatskaplike
Behuisingsektor in Suid-Afrika nie;
3. Die Departement van Behuising se gebrek aan kennis met betrekking tot die
behuisingskoöperasiesektor;
4. Gebrek aan sinergie tussen verskillende regeringsdepartemente met betrekking tot
behuisingskoöprasies;
5. Munisipaliteite beskik nie oor die kundigheid ten opsigte van koöperasies nie en/of
toon onwilligheid om behuisingskoöperasies by te staan;
6. Behuisingskoöperasies, wat deur buite-ondernemings/regeringsdepartemente
gestig word, ontvang geen onderskraging nie en daar is ook ’n gebrek aan enige
voortgesette belangstelling in hulle doen en late.
7. Daar is geen geskikte behuisingskoöperasie aan regeringskant wat fokus op die
voorsiening van behuising en wat oor die nodige kennis en
ondersteuningsmeganismes beskik nie. Dit is duidelik dat die beginsel van koöperasies in die laat jare negentig deur die
Departement van Behuising, die Maatskaplike Behuisingstigting, gemeenskapswerkers, en
dies meer, as die nuwe breinkind van internasionale agentskappe soos Rooftops Canada,
die Noorweegse regering, die Sweedse regering bevorder is om behuising vir
gemeenskappe te verseker wat op die konsep “ubuntu” gebou het. Daarna is die klem na
Maatskaplikebehuisingsondernemings en huurbesit verskuif en die enkele geregistreerde
behuisingskoöperasies is sonder enige ondersteuningstruktuur aan hulle eie lot oorgelaat.
Met geen ondersteuning van die kant van internasionale organisasies, nasionale,
provinsiale of plaaslike regering nie, is die toekoms van dié behuisingskoöperasies maar
bra droewig. Koöperasielede is gemeenskapsgedrewe, maar sonder die nodige
kapasiteitsbou en institusionele onderskraging, het lede van die gemeenskap wanhopig
geraak en word die beginsel van “saamwerk om meer te bereik” bloot beskou as net nog
’n plan wat ten opsigte van behuisingvoorsiening gefaal het.
Dié studie het bevind dat die voetsoolvlak-behuisingskoöperasie – met die onderskraging
van alle vlakke van regering – wel geslaagd kan wees, mits gemeenskapstrukture soos
spaargroepe en hostelkomitees in plek is.
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What contributions can housing co-operatives make to managing the South African housing crisis?Jacobs, Juan 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis sets out to explore housing co-operatives as an alternative housing delivery
mechanism in South Africa. This is done by critically examining the housing policy
post 1994, as well as the various mechanisms government implemented in an attempt
to manage the service delivery within the housing sector. The thesis also explores the
role that co-operatives played in South Africa’s history and draws some historical
comparisons in relation to the establishment of housing co-operatives internationally
and locally. In exploring the various types of housing co-operatives, insights emerge
about their structure, potential and limitations. The thesis examines the themes of
public service delivery and explores possible alternatives to the failing traditional
model of public service delivery. The thesis focuses on the experiences and
perceptions that South Africans have with regards to local government process in
housing service delivery. The thesis concludes that local government should play an
active role in creating more collaborative partnerships; one that focuses on training
and facilitating the efforts of civil society to establish entities such as housing cooperatives.
This requires a fundamental shift in the manner in which local government
approaches service delivery in the housing sector. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis het ten doel behuisings kooperatiewe te verken as ’n alternatiewe
behuisingsmeganisme in Suid-Afrika. Dit is gedoen deur n kritiese ondersoek van die
behuisingsbeleid na 1994, sowel as die verskeie meganismes wat die regering probeer
implementeer het in ’n poging om die dienslewering binne die behuisingsektor te
beheer. Die tesis ondersoek die rol wat koöperatiewe gespeel het in Suid-Afrika se
geskiedenis en het ’n historiese vergelyking gemaak met betrekking tot die stigting
van behuisingskoöperatiewe op internasionale sowel as op plaaslike vlak. In die tesis
van die verskillende tiepe behuising koöperasies het sekere ideas na vore gekom ten
opsigte van hul struktuur, potensiaal en beperkinge. Die tesis ondersoek die temas
van publieke dienslewering en het ook na die alternatiewe gekyk ten opsigte van
publieke dienslewering. Die tesis fokus op die ervarings en persepsies van Suid-
Afrikaners met betrekking tot die plaaslike regering se proses van behuisings
dienslewering. Die tesis word afgesluit met voorstelle waarin plaaslike regering 'n
aktiewe rol speel in die skepping van meer samewerkende vennootskappe, een wat
fokus op die opleiding en die fasilitering waarin pogings van die burgerlike
samelewing entiteite tot stand bring soos byvoorbeeld behuising koöperasies. Dit
vereis ’n fundamentele verandering in die wyse waarop plaaslike regering
dienslewering benader in die behuisingsektor.
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The provision of low-cost housing in South Africa : a wicked problem with a systems theory solutionLe Roux, Frieda Elizabeth 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / One of the serious problems facing South Africa is that of the provision of adequate low-cost
housing for its people. According to Statistics South Africa (2009), 56% of South Africans lived in
fully-owned formal dwellings in 2009. Not only does it seem impossible to work away the backlogs,
but problems with the standard of construction, location and continuing urbanisation adds to the
challenge. International commitments such as the UN’s Millennium Goals put further pressure on
government to permanently resolve the issue. Adequate housing is recognised globally as a basic
human right. This includes access to running water and sanitation and a safe environment.
This study does not aim to investigate, in any way, construction techniques, specific choices of
location or other planning-related issues. However, it does try to find a more successful approach
to the challenge of the provision of housing given the already stated challenges, combined with,
amongst others, the provision of the necessary financing and relevant political processes.
The provision of low-cost housing is a wicked problem. This means that it has certain
characteristics, including being unique in character and can never be fully resolved. However,
within futures studies, systems theory is recognised as one of the more successful ways to
address wicked problems.
By investigating low-cost housing programmes in Brazil, Argentina and Peru and identifying the
elements of systems theory used, it was possible to find pointers to help formulate a set of steps
(or actions) to use to address South Africa’s low-cost housing challenge. This research report
proposes that, while the challenge of housing provision in a country like South Africa will most
probably always be present, it can be alleviated by applying systems thinking to the problem.
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Scaling up microfinance institutions : a case study of the Kuyasa FundHenwood, Olivia 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Globally microfinance is recognised as an important tool in addressing poverty and in
building the assets of poor people. Housing microfinance is emerging as an important tool
for assisting poor people to improve their housing conditions and to build their asset
values. However, microfinancial institutions are perpetually dogged by small scale
financially unviable operations. This study seeks to identify the factors that must be
present to ensure that a microfinance initiative is able to scale up significantly, and further
investigates the Kuyasa Fund as an example of a microfinance organisation that is scaling
up.
The McKinsey 7S model is used to evaluate the Kuyasa Fund’s plans for scaling up and
the shared values, strategy, structure, skills, staffing requirements, style and systems of
the Kuyasa Fund is examined in determining the scalability of the Kuyasa Fund. Overall
Kuyasa have either already addressed the critical factors in determining its growth or it is
in the process of addressing those factors.
The biggest strengths of the Kuyasa Fund in its growth plans are the cohesive strategy
and in the compelling strategic intent that represents its shared values. However in the
medium and long term the greatest challenge is located in the long-term financing and
transformation of the Kuyasa Fund from a non-profit to a for-profit entity that has equity
shareholders. In achieving this transformation Kuyasa would be required to balance its
development objectives with the requirements of equity holders, who will require
prescribed rates of return. Preventing mission drifts and achieving scale will be the most
important tensions to balance.
To mitigate these risks and to set clear guidelines for its operations, the Kuyasa board
developed clear criteria for the evaluation of equity partners and the board also set a
trajectory for the transformation of Kuyasa to a company. The intention of these is to guide
the Kuyasa operation towards the milestones that must be reached before conversion and
to set the criteria to select partners.
The Kuyasa Fund’s path to conversion from a small niche player limited to one province to
a national role player, transformed into an equity holding company will present interesting
material for learning about scaling up development efforts, and not just for microfinance. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Mikrofinansiering word wêreldwyd erken as ‘n belangrike hulpmiddel in die stryd teen
armoede en in die bou van bates vir arm mense. Behuising-mikrofinansiering is besig om
as ‘n belangrike instrument na vore te tree om arm mense te help om hul
behuisingsomstandighede te verbeter en hul batewaarde op te bou.
Mikrofinansieringsinstansies word egter aanhoudend lastig geval deur kleinskaalse
besighede wat nie finansieel lewensvatbaar is nie. Hierdie studie poog om die faktore te
identifiseer wat teenwoordig moet wees om te verseker dat ‘n mikrofinasieringsinisiatief
beduidend kan uitbrei en ondersoek verder die Kuyasa Fund as ‘n voorbeeld van ‘n
mikrofinansieringsorganisasie wat tans uitbrei.
Die McKinsey 7S-model word gebruik om die Kuyasa Fund se planne vir uitbreiding te
evalueer. Die Kuyasa Fund se gedeelde waardes, strategie, struktuur, vaardighede,
personeelvereistes, styl en stelsels word ondersoek om die uitbreidingsmoontlikhede van
die fonds te bepaal. Oorhoofs het Kuyasa alreeds die kritiese faktore aangespreek wat hul
groei bepaal of hulle is in die proses om hierdie faktore aan te spreek.
Die grootste sterkpunte van die Kuyasa Fund se uitbreidingsplanne lê in die
samehangende strategie en in die gebiedende strategiese rigting wat sy gedeelde
waardes verteenwoordig. In die medium- tot langtermyn is die grootste uitdaging geleë in
die langtermyn-finansiering en transformasie van die Kuyasa Fund van ‘n niewinsgewende
tot ‘n winsgewende entiteit met ekwiteitsaandeelhouers. Ten einde hierdie
transformasie deur te gaan, sal van Kuyasa vereis word om sy ontwikkelingsdoelwitte te
balanseer met die vereistes van die aandeelhouers, wat hul eie opbrengskoerse sal
vereis. Om koersvas hul missie na te streef teenoor die beplande uitbreiding te behaal sal
die belangrikste spannings wees om te balanseer.
Ten einde hierdie risiko’s te beperk en duidelike riglyne daar te stel vir sy bedrywighede,
het die Kuyasa raad duidelike kriteria ontwikkel om ekwiteitsvennote te evalueer. Die raad
het ook ‘n vorderingsplan bepaal vir die transformasie van Kuyasa tot ‘n maatskappy. Die
bedoeling hiervan is om die Kuyasa bedryf te lei op die pad na mylpale wat bereik moet
word voordat omskakeling kan plaasvind en om kriteria daar te stel om vennote te kies. Die Kuyasa Fund se pad na omskakeling van ‘n klein niche speler, beperk tot een
provinsie, tot ‘n nasionale rolspeler, wat getransformeer het tot ‘n ekwiteitsmaaskappy sal
interessante leergeleenthede bied oor die uitbreiding van ontwikkelingsmaatskappye en
nie net op die gebied van mikrofinansiering nie.
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The impact of the National Credit Act (NCA) on the profitability of housing microfinance lenders in South AfricaNtoampe- Mahlelebe, Tsaliko 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: High interest rates on credit products in South Africa are not unusual. This would be
beneficial to the South African consumers if the cost of incurring these credit products was
lower than the benefit derived from incurring them .This is unfortunately not the case to the
majority of the South African population.
The unlikelihood of this situation is a direct result of the lack of access to appropriate
savings and insurance products to a large number of South Africans. Most South Africans
use credit, in the form of microloans to augment their consumption patterns. The majority
of South Africans do not have a culture of saving; therefore they use credit as a substitute
for the lack of savings when consumption patterns exceed income. Using credit as a
substitute for the lack of savings becomes extremely costly for low income earners. The
result is a perpetual dependence on credit, lack of accumulation of wealth and a lack of
improvement in their standard of living. The perpetual dependence on credit has brought
about unscrupulous lenders who take advantage of the low income earners dependency
on credit for their daily existence.
It is due to such exploitations that the South African government through its Department of
Trade and Industry (DTI) intervened to bring normality in the South African credit market.
This intervention was done through the promulgation of the National Credit Act (NCA), Act
No.34 of 2005.
The purpose of this study is to focus on a sub set of the credit providers in South Africa
known as housing microfinance (HMF) lenders. The study explores the impact of the
National Credit Act in the South African credit industry. The Act’s intentions are elaborated
and the reality of the implementation of the Act on the drivers of profitability for the housing
microfinance institutions is measured. The finding is that housing microfinance institutions
have to restructure their business processes in order to be profitable and sustainable in
the ambit of the National Credit Act. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vir menige finansiële produkte in Suid-Afrika is rentekoerse wat wissel tussen 80 en 150
persent is nie ongewoon nie. In ekonomiese terme kan verbruikers slegs voordeel trek uit
hierdie hoë rentekoerse as die koste om hierdie krediet te verkry laer is as die voordeel
wat voortspruit uit die aangaan van die koste. Hierdie situasie is hoogs onwaarskynlik in
die oorgrote meerderheid van gevalle in Suid-Afrika.
Die onwaarskynlikheid van hierdie situasie is die direkte gevolg van die gebrek aan
toegang tot toepaslike spaar- en versekeringsprodukte vir ‘n groot aantal Suid-Afrikaners.
Die meeste Suid-Afrikaners gebruik krediet (naamlik mikrolenings) om hulle
verbruikerspatrone aan te vul. Die gebruik van krediet as ‘n plaasvervanger vir spaargeld
word uitermate duur vir die lae-inkomste verdiener. Die gevolg is ‘n ewigdurende
afhanklikheid van krediet, geen akkumulasie van welvaart nie en ‘n gebrek aan verbetering
van lewenstandaard. Die ewigdurende afhanklikheid van krediet het gewetenlose uitleners
geskep wat die lae-inkomste verdieners uitbuit wat afhanklik is van krediet vir hul
daaglikse bestaan.
Dit is as gevolg van hierdie tipe uitbuiting dat die Suid-Afrikaanse regering deur sy
Departement van Handel en Nywerheid tussenbeide getree het om normaliteit te bring in
die Suid-Afrikaanse kredietmark. Hierdie intervensie is gedoen deur die uitvaardiging van
die Nasionale Kredietwet, Wet No. 34 van 2005.
Die doel van hierdie studie is om te fokus op ‘n onderdeel van die kredietverskaffers in
Suid-Afrika bekend as die behuising-mikrofinansiering-uitleners. Die studie ondersoek die
impak van die Nasionale Kredietwet in die Suid-Afrikaanse kredietindustrie. Die Wet se
oogmerke word uiteengesit en die realiteit van die implementering van die Wet op die
drywers van winsgewendheid vir die behuising-mikrofinansiering-instansies word gemeet.
Die bevinding is dat behuising-mikrofinansiering-instansies hulle besigheidsprosesse moet
herstruktureer ten einde meer winsgewend en volhoubaar te wees binne die strekking van
die Nasionale Kredietwet.
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How corporate social investment in social enterprises can contribute towards alleviating the housing crisisAlly, Naseerudin 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / Having inherited a huge housing shortage from the previous apartheid regime, the government of the newly liberated Republic of South Africa embarked on an ambitious programme to resolve the problem, as was required of it by its constitution. The government’s approach was (and is) to offer a once-off subsidy, which has become increasingly generous over the years, to qualifying households. Twenty years later, some three million dwelling units have been built, but there remains a shortfall of some two million houses, which is growing annually.
Having regard to the size of the problem and the fact that it is growing despite Herculean efforts on the part of the government, it is clear that intervention by the private sector and civil society is required. The private sector, however, is constrained by the fact that profitability in the affordable housing market is small.
In the absence of reasonable profit margins, and in the context of the fact that there is a dire need for adequate shelter, the question arises why corporations who have a long history of donating to social causes, do not allocate more of their corporate social investment budgets to organisations involved with the problem? The answer is that the need is for a private good that is already receiving significant government support, with the result that corporate social investment is crowded out. In addition, corporations are increasingly recognising the need to align their social investment strategies with their business strategies. This is not happening in the housing context partly because corporations are struggling to conceptualise the relationship between the two strategies, and partly because there is no framework within which to do so.
Corporate social investment strategies are meaningful and justifiable when they open new markets and opportunities for the company. Successful human settlements exist where economic and social opportunities are integrated seamlessly. Should the government’s housing policy use the principle of integration as a point of departure, it could encourage corporations to channel moneys to social causes.
The ideal vehicles for the corporations to employ in such endeavours are social enterprises, because these are non-profit organisations that are managed in a business-like manner. They bring focus to the investment and assurances that moneys are spent well, and their entrepreneurial approach makes them self-sustaining over time.
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The effectiveness of IDC in financing the construction of low cost or RDP housingMahashe, Mawande Victor 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The non-availability of funding for low-cost housing is a major stumbling block in the provision of
housing for the poor in South Africa (Moss, 2001). Banks and other commercial institutions are
generally reluctant to fund construction companies in this industry in view of the high level of risk
involved. The Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa is a development finance
institution that is involved in the financing of construction companies.
This study looked at the effectiveness of IDC in financing construction companies that are involved
in low cost housing development. The study also looked at whether the IDC's strategiC objectives
of promoting job creation had been achieved by providing funding to the construction companies.
Only those companies involved in low-cost housing as the only or part of their business activities
have been chosen for the study.
A qualitative method of research analysiS has been selected as the best way of analysing the
research findings in this paper. The empirical analysis indicated that generally the respondents are
satisfied with the funding provided by the Industrial Development Corporation, but have serious
concerns regarding the turnaround times for credit approvals, completion of legal agreements,
disbursement of funds and the fees charged.
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Die rol van aftree-oorde in die behuisingsvoorsiening vir bejaardes in Groter Kaapstad : 'n stedelike geografiese perspektiefFroneman, C. A January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: During the 1990s in South Africa an increasing need for care and housing for the aged
became evident. On the one hand greater longevity created a rapid increase in the
number of aged people of all population groups, and on the other, changes in government
policy foreshadowed a drastic scaling down of the role of the state with regard to the
supply of housing for the aged. In the midst of these changes, one type of housing for the
aged has remained outside the pale of the altering policy scenario: retirement villages.
This then is the main focus of the study.
Taking into account the fact that retirement villages presently focus mainly on a single
elderly group, namely wealthy white persons, and set against the backdrop of the
changing situation regarding policy towards housing for the aged, the question arises
whether in future retirement villages will be capable of providing housing for a greater
percentage of elderly people than at present. The present demand and supply of
retirement villages is critically evaluated within the context of housing for the aged in
general in order to contribute to a future vision for housing for the aged within the new
South Africa. In view of this - and taking into account cultural, financial and age differences
- the housing and care needs, as well as the preferences and perceptions of 228 elderly
persons, are analysed and compared in this respect with the views of relevant interested
parties, namely gerontologists, sociologists, non-governmental organizations and
retirement village developers.
In focusing on 34 retirement villages in the greater Cape Town area, this study fills the gap
that exists within urban geography regarding housing for the aged. An analysis is done of
the location of retirement villages in this area, as well as of the factors that influence the
selection of locations for such housing schemes. Not only are issues of supply and
demand addressed, but also the problems with which the retirement village industry has to
deal, such as service delivery, grading (classification status according to specific
standards) and the spatial placing of villages. In this wayan attempt is made to find a
solution to related problems.
The most important conclusion that arose from this research can be summarized as being
that elderly people show a lack of knowledge regarding the services offered by these facilities. For this reason retirement villages have been classified under four headings,
according to the care services they offer, namely the independent lifestyle village, the
supportive care village, the continuous care village and the care for life village. Retirement
villages can play an ever-increasing role in providing housing and care for the aged. This
will only happen if the various preferences, opinions and perceptions of the different
groups of elderly persons are seriously considered and compared to the views of the
experts in the field.
The basic preferences of the aged can be summarised as: renting residential units instead
of buying them; no luxuries such as therapy services; safety considerations incorporated in
the design of the interior of the units; being able to use their own furniture in the units;
primary health care offered; availability of recreational facilities; good corporate
management and accessibility to essential services (in terms of the location of the village).
In conclusion, experts of retirement village housing should avoid problems that stem from
injudiciously developing complexes that through their inaccessiblity isolate residents from
the rest of the community. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In Suid-Afrika is die negentigerjare van die vorige eeu gekenmerk deur 'n toenemende
behoefte aan die versorging van en behuising vir bejaardes. Enersyds het langer
lewensverwagting 'n snelle toename in die getal bejaardes onder alle bevolkingsgroepe
meegebring en andersyds het veranderings in owerheidsbeleid 'n drastiese afskaling in die
rol van die staat met betrekking tot behuisingsvoorsiening aan bejaardes in die vooruitsig
gestel. Te midde van die verandering ten opsigte van behuisingsvoorsiening vir bejaardes,
is daar egter een tipe behuising vir bejaardes wat buite die veranderde beleidstoneel van
die staat staan, naamlik aftree-oorde - wat dan die hooffokus van hierdie ondersoek is.
In die lig van die veranderende beleidsomgewing rakende die voorsiening van behuising
aan bejaardes ontstaan die vraag of aftree-oorde in die toekoms aan 'n groter persentasie
bejaardes as tans behuising kan voorsien, gegee die feit dat aftree-oorde tans veralop 'n
enkele groep bejaardes, naamlik welgestelde wit bejaardes, fokus. Die huidige vraag na
en aanbod van aftree-oorde word in die lig hiervan krities evalueer teen die agtergrond van
behuising vir bejaardes in die algemeen ten einde te help bou aan 'n toekomsvisie vir die
behuising vir bejaardes in die nuwe Suid-Afrika. Met die oog hierop word die behuisingsen
versorgingsbehoeftes, -voorkeure en -persepsies van 228 bejaardes ontleed (gegee
hul kulturele, finansiële en ouderdomsverskille) en dan vergelyk met die menings van
tersake rolspelers aan die aanbodkant, naamlik gerontoloë, sosioloë, nieregeringsinstansies
en die ontwikkelaars van aftree-oorde.
Hierdie studie vul die leemte wat binne stedelike geografie bestaan ten opsigte van
bejaardes, deur te fokus op 34 aftree-oorde in Kaapstad en sy soomdistrikte met 'n
ontleding van die ligging van oorde in hierdie gebied, asook van faktore wat die
plasingskeuse van oorde beïnvloed. In die navorsing word nie net die vraag en aanbod
van aftree-oorde aangespreek nie, maar ook die probleme waarmee die aftree-oord
industrie te doen het, soos dienslewering, gradering (klassifikasie-status volgens bepaalde
maatstawwe) en die ruimtelike plasing van oorde om 'n bydrae tot die oplossing van
sodanige probleme te kan lewer.
Die belangrikste gevolgtrekkings van hierdie studie kan soos volg opgesom word: Daar is
'n gebrek aan kennis by bejaardes ten opsigte van die dienste wat verskillende aftree- oorde aan die bejaarde bied. Vir hierdie rede is aftree-oorde op grond van hulle
versorgingsdienste in vier groepe geklassifiseer, naamlik die onafhanklike lewenstyloord,
die ondersteuningsdiensoord, die volgehoue versorgingsoord en die lewenslange
versorgingsoord. Aftree-oorde kan 'n al groter rol in die voorsiening van behuising aan en
versorging van bejaardes speel mits aandag gegee word aan die verskillende voorkeure,
menings en persepsies van die verskillende bejaarde groepe en hoe dit met dié van die
deskundiges verskil.
Die basiese voorkeure van bejaardes kan opgesom word as: die huur van wooneenhede
in plaas van om te koop; geen luukshede soos terapiedienste nie; die veiligheidsbewuste
ontwerp van die interieur; die gebruik van eie meubels in die wooneenhede; die
voorsiening van primêre gesondheidsorg; die beskikbaarheid van rekreasiefasiliteite; die
goeie bestuur van die oord en die geskikte ligging van die oord ten opsigte van die
belangrikste dienste. Laastens moet deskundiges van aftree-oord behuising waak teen
probleme wat sentreer rondom die plasing van 'n oord asook die isolasie van die aftreeoord
inwoners van die gemeenskap.
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