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Community is a complex term whose usage within sociology has ranged from being a key idea to being dismissed as irrelevant. At the same time as its virtual dismissal by sociology, community continued to have widespread usage within everyday language and as an adjunct to social policy. Its ubiquitous nature and the lasting power of the concept were evident at the outset of this research and created a number of contradictions that were considered worthy of further exploration. This thesis surveys sociological approaches to community and relates the career of the concept to changes in the political and economic context. A new approach is suggested which captures both the dynamic, kaleidoscopic nature of the concept at any one time and the layered, archaeological nature of its development over time. This provides a way out of the impasse of traditional sociological approaches to community. The approach proposes that different conceptualisations of community can be constructed through specific fragments of meaning being differentially articulated to produce various constellations of meaning. Partial fixations of meaning, within any one particular context, and the existence of common elements allow a description both of the uniqueness and generic nature of the concept. This provides a model for the conceptualisation of community and this has been applied to ideal type descriptions of community and to a number of well-known community studies. Empirical explorations of the conceptualisation of community were undertaken at CastleV ale, Birmingham. Conceptualisationso f community were recordedf rom the various perspectives of residents, local workers and local media. These were related to patterns of historical development and to recent political and economic restructurings. Different stakeholders' approaches to community were related to the time of the estate's construction (1960s), the time of settlement and adjustment (1970s), the time of reduction in state social intervention (1980s) and the time during which the estate took on Housing Action Trust status (1990s). Different and overlapping conceptualisations of community were explained using the approach already developed. From this it was possible to describe ways in which the wider context interacts with day-to-day lifestyle practices through representations and understandings of community. A loose typification of community at Castle Vale has been developed. Taking the discussion further allowed a device to be developed for the description of various conceptualisations of community, and allowed a framework to be developed within which different conceptualisations of community have been located. This work has allowed a reassessmenot f the position of community within sociology at the present time. It identifies those areas of momentum that are re-establishing community on the political and social agenda, suggests that the time is now right for sociology to reformulate a more adequate approach to community, and asserts that the approach developed aids moves towards new theoretically-informed ways of conveying the complexities of life at a local level within a more globalised context. It is a community study more appropriate for this age and is part of the enterprise of developing more sophisticated approaches to community.

Thesis (M. Sc.(Urb. Plan.))--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 216-221).

The thesis proposal for a new building with the Roman Catholic Church Pastoral Center in New Liskovec estate in Brno. The proposal follows the tradition of religious buildings, uses the idea of the direction of space, its gradation and image paths for the good of man and love. Construction of the church refltects layering of the floors of the surrounding settlements, which passes through each floor verticaly from font to the roof garden which has its character of an atmosphere Gethsemane garden. The horizontal direction of the space reflects the way of a man in this world and symbolizes a labyrinth of the world, the path to salvation and redemption of the human soul. In this order follows vestibule, the nave and chancel topped with circular skylight. Floor of the nave consists of exposed rock massif which symbolizes clasp with the earth and also freely interpret the parable of the two builders from Matthew's Gospel. The only source of natural light in the nave is circular skylight above presbytery that creates a vertical flow of light and symbolically shows the way to the only God. Right in the horizontal direction of the intersection of human and divine is the sacrificial table on which occurs transsubstination during the Mass.

The proposed church is set in a terraced terrain north-south slope and its configuration is handled in accordance with the existing communication structure. At the same time the church does not block an open view of the distant horizon. The object is designed intentionally as horizontal as opposed to verticality of very high residential buildings surrounding the site. Next to the church building rises a path, whose trajectory was previously naturally done by people who have used the path as a shortcut across the hill. The building is trying to hold a dialogue with this path, thus the building can be entered from the path. The lining of the path also creates the desired public spaces. The main space of the church is hidden in the heart of the building, as the soul is hidden inside the body of man. Sacred space is clearly defined by a cylindrical tube, around which the other floors are placed. The tube that is also holding a ramp penetrates through the entire building, thus giving a ubiquitous presence of the temple on each floor via perforated round holes. The ascending ramp also serves as the way of the Cross starting on the ground floor of the presbytery and finishing as the last 14th stopping at the very top of the at the upper entrance. The church is accessible in two ways - with the upper entrance with a ramp going down, or directly from the bottom floor main entrance. Both options offer different spatial perceptions. The access from the ground level starts at the entrance with a direct view to the sacrificial table and suddenly opens up at into the sacred space. At the upper entrance the sacral space opens up slowly as the visitor ascends the spiral ramp that gradually opens up into three choirs at various heights and with different uses - gradually from above - choir, organ, believers. Organist for the choir has its own auxiliary staircase. The space the church offers many different spatial shapes, corners and connections. Different heights provide different perception - from intimate prayer alone to experience the Great Assembly.

This diploma thesis deals with architecture and town planning of a two settlements Zahradní Město (Garden City) and Záběhlice. The text is divided to the two main parts according to the topic. The first of them deals with a development of Záběhlice from its beginnings in 11th century to present. The second part is about the construction of Zahradní Město which had several phases: terraced houses from 1920s, apartment blocks in 1950s and high-rised blocks form 1960s and 1970s. At the beginning of 21st century there were realized another new projects near Botič. This thesis is focused on changes of local architecture. A part of the thesis is also a brief description of development of architecture between two world wars and there is also a short description of panel technology which was used there. Keywords Záběhlice, Zahradní Město, architecture, housing estate, urbanism

The master thesis deals with the study of the relation between man and his surroundings. The thesis solves the issue of the place identity and the process of identification with the example of the Prague housing estate Solidarita. It analyses the surroundings from the perspective of a concept of identity which has a multidimensional character. For this reason, the case study approach has been chosen to allow a comprehensive study of space from a variety of perspectives. It deals with the history of the housing estate, its residents, social connections and the perception of space. Because of the presence of green vegetation and public facilities, the Solidarita housing estate is presented as a place which provides a high-quality space and supports the production of social interactions. Surrounding of Solidarita housing estate respects human scale and provides stronger social interactions. The thesis also accents the importance of sociological and anthropological research of a space, that should be a part of urban processes. Key words Architecture, Identity, Housing Estate, Neighborhood, Place, Place Attachment, Place Identity, Solidarita Housing Estate, Space, Urbanism

The main goal of this thesis is to capture the diversity of perceptions of housing estates from the perspective of their population and from the outsiders' perspective. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals with the image of housing estates and their positives and negatives. In the theoretical framework, also the studies of image of housing estates from selected foreign countries are presented. The second empirical part is based on the analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted with 50 residents of 10 housing estates in Prague and the results of focus group, which was conducted with 10 geography students who were generally familiar with the reputations of studied housing estates. These two research phases aimed to reveal, if the housing estates are perceived negatively as a place to live. And if so, whether they are perceived negatively by their inhabitants, or by people who live in other parts of Prague. Next taks of the analysis was to find out what is the main problem of Prague's housing estates and, on the contrary, what are their positives. In the conclusion, the thesis sums up, that despite the prevailing negative image of the housing estates, in the eyes of their inhabitants, the are perceived rather agreeable and many positive elements can be found. Key...

Dans les habitations collectives, nous observons la répétition en séries de fenêtres, de balcons, de façades, de logements et d'immeubles identiques. Idéologique au XIXème siècle avec la pensée d'un l'homme type pour raison de rendement social, idéaliste avec le projet d'une productivité industrielle, politique des grands ensembles, la série d'une même cellule dans le même immeuble ou d'un même immeuble dans un ensemble est le paradigme de l'habitation collective. Cette répétition n'est pas un thème reconnu de la recherche en architecture comme le type, reproduction d'une même caractéristique dans des objets différents. En posant la question de cette répétition dans le projet et de ses conséquences sur la singularité des œuvres nous ouvrons une voie de la recherche en architecture. Les grands ensembles offrent l'homogénéité de conditions nationales et Toulouse, celle de conditions locales, nécessaires à la généralisation des résultats. A partir des permis de construire et d'enquêtes de terrain, nous avons constitué un état des lieux des 17 grands ensembles toulousains. La méthode d’étude s’appuie sur la réversibilité de l’analyse architecturale et du projet et, en l’absence d’écrits des architectes du corpus sur leur démarche, sur l’homologie entre la répétition et la composition beaux-arts à laquelle ils ont été majoritairement formés. L'analyse opère avec et par le dessin, espace du projet. Dans chacun des 17 grands ensembles, l’étude des configurations des séries aux différentes échelles de répétition permet de connaitre les logiques libres et imposées et d'interpréter le parti de l’architecte. Une lecture transversale des œuvres permet de recenser les conjugaisons des variables formelles et structurelles des séries et leurs ajustements et de constater que la répétition intervient à des moments différents du projet. / In collective habitats, we can observe repetitions in series of windows, balconies, facades, housing and identical buildings. Ideological during the 19th century, with the idea of a stereotype human for social return reasons, idealistic with the project of industrial productivity, housing estate policies, the series of a same cell in the same building or that of a same building in an ensemble, is the paradigm of collective living. This repetition isn't a recognized theme in architectural research as is the type (reproduction of a same characteristic in different objects). By asking the question of this repetition in the project and by its consequences on the singularity of works we open a path to architectural research. The estate policies offer homogeneity in national and in local (Toulouse) conditions which are necessary to the generalization of results. We have constituted an analysis of the current situation from the building permits and in field research of the 17 major Toulousian estates. The study method is based on the reversibility of the architectural analysis and on the project, and considering the absence of written work from the architects in the consensus concerning their approach on the homology between the repetition and the beaux-arts composition with which they have generally been trained. The analysis operates with and through drawing and space of the project. In each of the 17 estates, the study of the configuration of the series on different scales of repetition, allow to be aware of the liberal and imposed logics and to interpret the architects decision. A transversal reading of the works allows an inventory of the variable conjugations whether formal or structural of the series and their adjustments et to establish if the repetition intervenes at different moments of the project.

The subject of the assignment is urban concept and social center housing complex Brno-Lesná that during the construction of housing estate Lesná already been completed. The initial document is current cadastral map of the territory, orthophoto map and its own research area. The main objective of the study is to examine the territorial land use options that already has an earlier era of the proposed basic transport and building structure and contains values that should be respected. Complement all functions, check undeveloped areas, investigate and propose pedestrian routes in the area in relation to public transport stops and the center of gravity of the territory and tackle parking, suggest new uses of existing buildings and to propose new objects and also propose solutions to the pit, including landscaping and greenery adequately the importance of land use.