The presented dissertation concerns selected topics on flat construction in the 60's - experiments and prefabricated housing estates - and examines them closely in four different layers - political, ideological, architectonic and social. The work is structured into four main chapters, which constitute four pillars to uncover the history of flat construction and its context. The initial hypothesis of the dissertation was that the birth of panel housing estates at the end of the 50's, as well as its form and content in the upcoming decade, was influenced by the different starting points of the four mentioned layers. The viewpoint of state socialism and its ideology stemmed from the situation, when architecture in the whole socialistic block seized to be the instrument of Stalinist political representation in the spirit of the socialist realism and it became an important instrument of social reform on the promoted path to communism. This opinion, projected on an economic level, lead to an assumption that an affordable and high-quality collective housing makes the society effectively economically modernized. The living in these housing estates was intended to become the "display window" of the socialist lifestyle as well as the means of a morally higher type of consumer society. In the atmosphere of...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-16T00:15:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 Rechilene Mendonca Maia1.pdf: 1334007 bytes, checksum: 9f1fec22fb6f1573101ddc5872c7d1d0 (MD5) Rechilene Mendonca Maia2.pdf: 1445141 bytes, checksum: fe5d524ed8fe4a032810d644e5510221 (MD5) Rechilene Mendonca Maia3.pdf: 2028175 bytes, checksum: aa52fc5addc13e9e08991c012861685e (MD5) Rechilene Mendonca Maia4.pdf: 1761811 bytes, checksum: c8dc9f15af8c634f45c13402ddae2601 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-12 / This Master dissertation s objective is to verify the open spaces of common uses issues at housing estates of social interest. Thus, it presents the architectonic form liberation related to the limits of the urban lots and, consequently, emerging the first open areas in housing estates; the gardens development and their relation with the human being; the landscape modifications along the time; the use of the open areas; the open areas distribution and the organization done between them and the built up areas; and the relation of the human being with the open spaces. Therefore it develops the case study of the 1967 housing estate Zezinho de Magalhães Prado, located at the municipality of Guarulhos, in the metropolitan region of São Paulo; designed by the architect Vilanova Artigas and his team; the design presents evident lines of Le Corbusier modern architecture, who proposes the free floor deck, i.e. liberated and dedicated to leisure activities and recreation. These characteristics and the relation between inhabitants and the open areas of common uses are pertinent to the whole housing estate, and are presented through images and field surveys made in the area that shows the vitality and the permanence of large open areas of common uses in the implemented project, even though including modifications. / Esta dissertação de mestrado objetiva verificar a questão dos espaços livres de uso comum em conjuntos habitacionais. Assim, relata a liberação da forma arquitetônica em relação aos limites do lote e o conseqüente surgimento das primeiras áreas livres nas habitações; o desenvolvimento dos jardins e sua relação com o homem; as modificações na paisagem ao longo do tempo; o uso das áreas livres; a distribuição das áreas livres e os arranjos constituídos entre estas e as áreas edificadas; e, a relação do homem com os espaços livres. Para tanto desenvolve o estudo de caso do conjunto habitacional Zezinho de Magalhães Prado 1967, localizado no município de Guarulhos em São Paulo; projetado pelo arquiteto Vilanova Artigas e equipe; o projeto tem evidentes traços da arquitetura moderna de Le Corbusier, que defende o pavimento térreo livre, ou seja, liberado e dedicado às atividades de lazer e recreação. Estas características e a relação dos habitantes com as áreas livres de uso comum são pertinentes a todo o conjunto, e são apresentadas por meio de imagens e levantamentos de campo realizados na área que mostram a vitalidade e a permanência de grandes áreas livres de uso comum no projeto implantado, mesmo incluindo modificações.

Density is more about an experienced nearness to functions and activities than buildingsbeing physically close to each other. Density is interaction, and the intensity of itdepends on accessibility to the functions and activities of the built environment. The current planning, continuing the thoughts of the modernist, are a threat to publichealth and the environment, as sprawling settlements demand more resources forinfrastructure and time spent commuting between home and work, taking up the timeto spend with family and friends. The suburban planning principles of the Swedish housing estate unit have graduallytransformed the suburban neighbourhoods into dispersed, disconnected islands, wheresocial life is inhibited in the mere configuration of space. Legibility of the urban environment is important regarding orientation and navigation,but also to understand the underlying meanings of spaces and places. The urbanstructure should be easily read to be understandable in the choices of everyday life. How we understand the boundaries and transitions of our surrounding affects howspaces are used. Unclear territorial interfaces, like the open space landscape ofmodernist planning feels too exposed to be appropriated. If activities should take placein the outdoor environment, there must be a certain quality to the spaces that areinviting and promote interaction between people. The suburban housing estate neighbourhoods can be developed to promote thisinteraction, providing spaces where the different layers of social life can take place, fromthe private home – through mediating interfaces of front yards, indoor collective spaceand collective gardens – to the public realm of the streets, pathways and parks. The thesis studies the suburban neighbourhood Årsta in eastern Uppsala, whichshows the signs of a disperse suburban housing estate in its configuration of buildings,withdrawn from the streets, turning inward away from the public spaces. By adding built volume within the existing structure of the open yards, the boundariesbetween the public and the private spaces can be clearly defined and new activatedspaces can be created. Many fronts towards the streets and paths make people meet inevery-day life and new types of spaces can be used to set a framework for interactionbetween residents as well as outsiders. Such spaces can also work as a buffer betweenpublic life and the private dwelling, e.g. a collective garden mediates the space inbetween a pedestrian path and an inner yard.

The subject of this diploma thesis is the design of a study of a sacral object - the Church of the Descent of the Holy Spirit in Brno, Líšeň. The church building is complemented by a spiritual center. The construction program is limited to the following: the church building, with its facilities - parking spaces, rehearsal room, flower preparation room, sale of small items with a rest area; main nave of the church, choir, space for children with parents, chapel; background of the sacristy - confessional, parish office, sacristy, depositary. Another part of the building program are the premises of the spiritual center: reception, foundation offices with archives, conference room, Sunday school classroom, multifunctional hall, club room, 3 apartments with a separate chapel. Everything is complemented by technical and hygienic facilities. The design is extended by relaxation areas in the vicinity, which expand the portfolio of civic amenities in the area. The design includes both sacral and profane functions. The spiritual center is therefore of a multifunctional nature and offers stimuli both for the Salesian community and for the local inhabitants of the adjacent settlement. Their meeting center is Kostelní náměstí, which meets in the axes of the two main directions of arrival from Horníkova Street and from the Salesian Youth Center. The foreground with seating and sale of small items serves the general public, which can continue to use the multifunctional hall for concerts, lectures, exhibitions. The premises of the clubhouse, classroom and the Parish Atrium will be used for educational and other activities for children, their parents and grandparents and other social groups. The spiritual center also enables the official activities of the foundation with the possibility of using the surrounding facilities. The center also offers a private part for living within the parish with three 2 room units, reserved parking and storage space. The whole complex will provide

This Diploma Thesis deals with the panel housing estate Brno Bohunice built in 1972 – 1989. A special attention is devoted to public space between the Moldavska and Ukrajinska streets. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis outlines the history of panel housing estates from their inception to the present. Further, it deals with public space and regeneration of panel housing estates. There follows an overview of the panel housing estate Bohunice and its brief development. The practical part focuses on an analysis of the selected area. On this basis the urban concept of regeneration of the defined area is articulated. The aim of the proposal is to create functional and sustainable public space in the area of the panel housing estate Bohunice. Ideally, this work could become a basis and impulse for the regeneration of public spaces in the Bohunice housing estate, as well as in other panel housing estates in the Czech Republic. The aim of the thesis is to outline the complex issues of public spaces of panel housing estates and the possibilities of their improvement.

The thesis brings a global insight into the Prague's suburb of Bohnice. Captures the appearance since the first settlements until nowadays. Focusing mainly on both historical and socio-economical milestones, which created the city. According to the lack of written resources for the historical part of the theses and to the fact, that Bohnice are often reduced to the activities of the famous mental institution, the main target is the forming of Bohnice city in the 20th century. Concentrates on institutions of both social and health care, which can compete the famous mental institution. The thesis also supplies materials about the urban concept of the housing estate of Bohnice including the traffic solutions through the past century. Points out also outstanding architectural solitaires.

The oribi Ourebia ourebi is probably South Africa's most endangered antelope. As a specialist grazer, it is extremely susceptible to habitat loss and the transformation of habitat by development. Another major threat to this species is illegal hunting. Although protected and listed as an endangered species in South Africa, illegal poaching is widespread and a major contributor to decreasing oribi populations. This study investigated methods of increasing oribi populations by using translocations and reintroductions to boost oribi numbers and by addressing overhunting. Captive breeding has been used as a conservation tool as a useful way of keeping individuals of a species in captivity as a backup for declining wild populations. In addition, most captive breeding programmes are aimed at eventually being able to reintroduce certain captive-bred individuals back into the wild to supplement wild populations. This can be a very costly exercise and often results in failure. However, captive breeding is a good way to educate the public and create awareness for the species and its threats. Captive breeding of oribi has only been attempted a few times in South Africa, with varied results. A private breeding programme in Wartburg, KwaZulu-Natal was quite successful with the breeding of oribi. A reintroduction programme for these captive-bred oribi was monitored using radio telemetry to assess the efficacy of such a programme for the oribi. As with many reintroductions of other species, this one was not successful and resulted in many mortalities. However, many variables have been identified that contributed to the failure of this programme and they can be adapted to increase the chances that captive breeding and reintroduction be a viable conservation tool for oribi. Besides captive breeding and reintroductions, the translocation of wild animals can also be effective in sustaining wild populations. Translocations usually appreciate a higher rate of success than reintroductions. A translocation of wild oribi was attempted in this study. This involved the translocation of four males and eleven females and a year-long monitoring programme. This translocation proved to be extremely successful in establishing a sustainable wild population of oribi with few mortalities and several births. However, such translocations can only be attempted when there is suitable habitat and high security from poaching. One source of oribi for the translocation part of the study was from a housing estate that had a high density population of oribi. The existence of such a thriving population of animals on what is often a controversial type of development led to a case study investigation. Housing developments are increasing in size and in numbers in South Africa, and are rarely held accountable for the destruction caused to local habitat or wildlife. This case study used this housing estate as an example of development and conservation cooperating and enjoying the success of a thriving population of endangered oribi. Many variables have been identified that contribute to the success of this venture and that could be used as a requisite for planned housing developments in the future. In particular, clustering of houses to leave open wild areas that are managed ecologically. Finally, the issue of illegal hunting was identified as a very serious threat to oribi conservation. Using surveys, residents of rural settlements and landowners were probed about this issue so that a demographic profile of hunters could be created. This profile could then be used to make recommendations on ways to slow the spread of illegal hunting as well as educate hunters and conservation laws. The results showed that many rural people hunt on a regular basis and most hunt with dogs. It also III showed that there is a high level of ignorance amongst these people on the laws concerning conservation and wildlife species. It was concluded from this study that captive breeding and reintroduction of oribi might be a way to enhance wild populations, but might be more useful in creating public awareness. Translocation, on the other hand, was extremely successful as a way of saving doomed populations and augmenting stable ones. However, it requires suitable and protected habitat. Using housing estates as havens for endangered species is an option but only if the right legislation is passed and cooperation demanded with large portions of land remaining undeveloped. Addressing illegal hunting is the most important, and possibly the most difficult hurdle for oribi conservation besides habitat destruction. Finally, recommendations for oribi conservation and management were made based on the results from this study. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.

Bostadsbristen som rådde i Sverige efter andra världskriget löstes genom ett bostadsprojekt som kom att kallas miljonprogrammet. Bostäderna som byggdes höll vid den tiden en hög standard invändigt medan utemiljön ofta bortprioriterades. Idag råder det än en gång ett stort behov av bostäder i Sverige, dock bör inte problemet lösas med samma metod som under miljonprogrammet. Syftet med arbetet är att ta fram ett förslag på hur ett område i ett mindre samhälle kan gestaltas. Målet är att besvara arbetets två frågeställningar som ska utreda hur en nybebyggelse på en tomt intill ett miljonprogramsområde skulle kunna utformas med hänsyn till platsens förutsättningar, omkringliggande bebyggelse samt upplevd trygghet och trivsel. Den metod som användes för studien är kvalitativa intervjuer, litteraturstudier och skissarbete. Ett förslag av flerbostadshus och en situationsplan för en tomt på en mindre ort har utformats med avseende på trivsel, trygghet och anpassning till kringliggande bebyggelse. Undersökningarna resulterade i åsikter kring vad som skulle prioriteras vid utformning av bostäder på tomten, men även vilka kvalitéer som önskades för övrigt i området. Dessa analyserades och kopplades till den teoretiska bakgrunden. Det analyserade resultatet applicerades sedan i studiens förslag. Studien resulterade i ett förslag som mottogs väl av beställaren, som förhoppningsvis kommer inspireras till vidare arbete med tomten.   Nyckelord: utformningsförslag, moderna planlösningar, situationsplan, flerbostadshus, nybyggnation, miljonprogrammet, trygghet, trivsel, visualisering, byggnadsutformning, bostadsanpassning, trygg miljö, bostäder, bygglovshandlingar, utemiljö. / The housing shortage from which occurred in Sweden after the second world war was solved through a housing project that later became known as The Million Homes Programme (miljonprogrammet). The houses were built with high standards according to the contemporary indoor standards, while the outside environment was often somewhat dull and non-prioritized. At this moment, Sweden is facing a similar type of housing shortage, a problem that should not be solved with the same methods used during The Million Homes Programme. The main purpose of this thesis is to develop a suggestion of a building design and a site layout plan in a small town, in collaboration with a Swedish municipality in Kronoberg county. The goal is to explore the different possibilities of how an estate owned by the municipality of Uppvidinge could be designed with multi-family houses which pays respect to safety and comfort and also is adapted to the surrounding built environment. The surrounding built environment consists of multi-family houses from The Million Homes Programme and one-family villas. The methods used for this thesis are pointed interviews, studies of prior published research and computer aided drawing. A suggestion of a building design accompanied with a site layout plan is presented in the report. The building design and the site layout plan pays respect to safety besides comfort and is also adapted to the surrounding built environment. The completed studies resulted in opinions about what should be a priority when designing multi-family houses on the site, but also what kind of qualities that were desired in the surrounding area. These results were analyzed and thence linked to the theoretical background. The analyzed result was thereafter applied in a suggestion. The study resulted in a suggestion that was well received by the client, which hopefully will be inspired for further work on site.   Key words: design plans, modern planning arrangement, site plan, apartment building, new housing estate, the million homes programme, safety, comfort, visualization, building design, housing adaptation, safe environment, residences, building permit documents, outdoor environment.

This work addresses the history, development and conservation of the Werkbund exhibition estates in Europe. Specifically, these are six housing estates built between 1927-1932 in Stuttgart, Brno, Wroclaw, Zurich, Vienna and Prague as part of exhibitions of modern living. The aim is to compare the development in individual cities and above all their preservation and the way of conservation and restoration. The first chapter deals with the formation of colonies and their differences. In the next part we deal with the fate and the structural changes during the war and the first post-war years until the first colony was declared a monument. The third chapter explains the developments in the 1960s and early 1980s, the beginnings of monument conservation and the first comprehensive renovation of the housing estates. The last chapter focuses on today's housing estates, today's approach to the restoration of functionalist architecture and its pitfalls. In all chapters, we managed to compare the development and to show the specifics of the individual files, which made it possible to specify why the colonies need to be protected, the extent to which they are preserved today, how much they are preserved, and what problems the building regeneration brings. Due to the different status and approach in individual...

La formation de la périphérie urbaine d’Orléans des années 1870 à l’après-guerre, étudiée à partir d’une échelle d’analyse particulière, le lotissement, constitue le sujet central de cette thèse. L’analyse des processus d’extension resitue plus largement les lotissements dans la ville. Elle montre d’abord les relations étroites qu’ils entretiennent avec le quartier Dunois, aménagé en 1879-1880. Si les Plans d’aménagement, d’embellissement et d’extension (loi Cornudet, 1919), ont peu d’impact sur la construction des lotissements, ces derniers témoignent, à des degrés divers, de la mise en oeuvre du Projet de reconstruction et d’aménagement de la commune (1949). La compréhension du cadre réglementaire et juridique permet d’éclairer la politique d’aménagement de voirie municipale et les projets de lotissement sur une longue durée. Elle nous renseigne également sur la constitution du paysage urbain. Cette étude offre ainsi de nouvelles clés de lecture du territoire orléanais, en nous informant non seulement sur les acteurs et leurs pratiques, mais également sur les formes urbaines et architecturales que ces hommes ont générées / This dissertation focuses on the urbanization of Orléans’ (France) outskirts, from the 1870s to the post-war period, studied from a special analysis of scale, i.e. subdivisions. Analysis of mechanisms and forms of urban extension situates subdivisions in the city on a wider scale. It first enhances the close relationship that subdivisions have with the quartier Dunois that was planned in 1879-1880. In 1919, a French town-planning law named “Cornudet Act” was established. It appears that it had little impact on the construction of subdivisions. In fact, it is the implementation of town-planning for reconstruction and rehabilitation in 1949 that showed more its influence on the construction of subdivisions. Understanding the regulatory and legal framework can illuminate road system rehabilitation policy of the city and subdivision projects on a long-term perspective. It highlights the creation of urban landscape as well. This study provides new keys to understand Orléans’ territory: not only does it accounts for the actors’ roles and their practices, but it also provides new insights into urban and architectural forms that these people generated.