A presente pesquisa trata do entendimento sobre o modo de pensar o projeto de arquitetura para habitações coletivas através da visão de quatro arquitetos em projetos na comunidade de Heliópolis, São Paulo, entre 1990 e 2014. Compreender questões relativas ao projeto: leitura do terreno e contexto; análise do programa de necessidades; entendimento da legislação; definição de materiais e técnicas construtivas, definindo assim estratégias de projeto por estes profissionais. No início da década de 1980, o processo de redemocratização do país, criava um ambiente favorável para melhores condições de vida as populações residentes em áreas irregulares. Em São Paulo várias ações foram desenvolvidas ao longo do tempo pelo poder público para enfrentamento da questão habitacional através de programas como o PRO-FAVELA, PROVER e Urbanização de Favelas. Com diversos projetos de habitação de interesse social implantados, Heliópolis, na região sudeste da capital, é a maior favela do município e reúne um conjunto de obras que representam diferentes alternativas na busca por soluções à questão habitacional. Foram selecionados como estudo de caso para a pesquisa o Conjunto Habitacional Almirante Delamare (1992) autoria de Luis Espallargas Gimenez; Conjunto Habitacional Gleba A - Quadra O e Quadra 1 (2007) e o Conjunto Habitacional Gleba H (2013) ambos de autoria de Vigliecca & Associados; Residencial Comandante Taylor (2012), autoria de Piratininga Arquitetos Associados e por fim o Conjunto Habitacional Heliópolis (Juntas Provisórias) - Gleba G (2014), de autoria do escritório Biselli Katchborian Arquitetos., sendo estes apresentados por meio de plantas, textos e fotos para a compreensão destas diferentes visões sobre Habitação Coletiva de Interesse Social. / The present research deals The The present research deals with the understanding about the way of thinking of the architecture project for collective housing through the vision of four architects in projects in the community of Heliópolis, São Paulo, between 1990 and 2014. Understand issues related to the project: reading the terrain and context ; needs program analysis; understanding of legislation; definition of materials and constructive techniques, thus defining project strategies by these professionals. In the early 1980s, the country\'s redemocratization process created a favorable environment for better living conditions for people living in irregular areas. In São Paulo, several actions have been developed over time by the public power to face the housing issue through programs such as PRO-FAVELA, PROVER and Urbanization of Slums. With several social housing projects in place, Heliopolis, in the southeast of the capital, is the largest slum in the city and it includes a set of works that represent different alternatives in the search for solutions to the housing issue. We selected as case study for the study the Housing Set Almirante Delamare (1992) authored by Luis Espallargas Gimenez; Housing Set Gleba A - Quadra O and Quadra 1 (2007) and the Housing Set Gleba H (2013) both authored by Vigliecca & Associados; Residencial Comandante Taylor (2012), authored by Piratininga Associated Architects and finally the Heliopolis Housing Set (Provisional Joints) - Gleba G (2014), authored by the Biselli Katchborian Architects office, being presented through plants, texts and photos to understand these different views on Collective Housing of Social Interest.

Os loteamentos residenciais fechados tem sido objeto de crítica acadêmica pelos seus aspectos de segregação e isolamento social, de interrupção do traçado urbano e de privatização do espaço de natureza pública entre outros. Entretanto esse tipo de ocupação tem se expandido pelo país, alterando a característica de nossas cidades. Esta dissertação analisa a arquitetura residencial produzida em Alphaville, no município de Barueri, considerando o contexto em que se insere esse modelo urbano, incluindo hábitos e práticas particulares no desenvolvimento de suas relações sociais. Para isso são apresentadas as análises críticas de oito projetos residenciais que antecedem um acervo de imagens de aproximadamente trinta residências, além de um relato histórico elaborado a partir de informações obtidas em entrevistas com moradores. A unidade habitacional é tomada como célula básica para esse estudo, discutindo-se o projeto de arquitetura das residências como elemento revelador de hábitos familiares e de relacionamento social. Estendendo a cognição desses costumes para a coletividade chegamos então a um melhor entendimento discursivo a respeito da população que opta pelos enclaves fortificados. A contribuição aqui pretendida é pleitear subsídios para melhor compreensão do fenômeno no meio acadêmico, permitindo a evolução da discussão sobre a coexistência dos modelos, cidade aberta e cidade de muros, buscando o pensamento que promova verdadeiros acontecimentos transformadores e assim novas possibilidades para esse quadro. / Housing estates have been aimed at by academic criticism owing to, among others, their aspects of segregation and social isolation, the halt to urban layout and the privatization of public area. However, this kind of occupation has been sprawling throughout the country, tweaking our cities\' features. This paper analyzes the residential architecture devised at Alphaville, in Barueri County, taking into consideration the context in which this urban standard is located, embracing both habits and exclusive customary activities in fostering its social relations. For such matter, critical reviews of eight dwelling projects are introduced; they forego an image heap of approximately thirty houses, apart from a historical account drafted from information gathered in the interviews with local habitants. For this particular study, the housing unit is taken as a basic cell, deliberating the project of the housing architecture as an apprising feature of family customs and of social relationship. Protracting the acknowledgement of such traditions to the community we, then, reach a better comprising understanding concerning the population who opts for the strengthened jurisdictions. The contribution which here is aspired is to plead subsidies to enhance the awareness of the phenomenon in the academic environment, by allowing the discussion over the concurrence of archetypes, vigilant city and walled city, seeking the concept which triggers true shifting therefore new possibilities to this panorama.

A presente pesquisa trata do entendimento sobre o modo de pensar o projeto de arquitetura para habitações coletivas através da visão de quatro arquitetos em projetos na comunidade de Heliópolis, São Paulo, entre 1990 e 2014. Compreender questões relativas ao projeto: leitura do terreno e contexto; análise do programa de necessidades; entendimento da legislação; definição de materiais e técnicas construtivas, definindo assim estratégias de projeto por estes profissionais. No início da década de 1980, o processo de redemocratização do país, criava um ambiente favorável para melhores condições de vida as populações residentes em áreas irregulares. Em São Paulo várias ações foram desenvolvidas ao longo do tempo pelo poder público para enfrentamento da questão habitacional através de programas como o PRO-FAVELA, PROVER e Urbanização de Favelas. Com diversos projetos de habitação de interesse social implantados, Heliópolis, na região sudeste da capital, é a maior favela do município e reúne um conjunto de obras que representam diferentes alternativas na busca por soluções à questão habitacional. Foram selecionados como estudo de caso para a pesquisa o Conjunto Habitacional Almirante Delamare (1992) autoria de Luis Espallargas Gimenez; Conjunto Habitacional Gleba A - Quadra O e Quadra 1 (2007) e o Conjunto Habitacional Gleba H (2013) ambos de autoria de Vigliecca & Associados; Residencial Comandante Taylor (2012), autoria de Piratininga Arquitetos Associados e por fim o Conjunto Habitacional Heliópolis (Juntas Provisórias) - Gleba G (2014), de autoria do escritório Biselli Katchborian Arquitetos., sendo estes apresentados por meio de plantas, textos e fotos para a compreensão destas diferentes visões sobre Habitação Coletiva de Interesse Social. / The present research deals The The present research deals with the understanding about the way of thinking of the architecture project for collective housing through the vision of four architects in projects in the community of Heliópolis, São Paulo, between 1990 and 2014. Understand issues related to the project: reading the terrain and context ; needs program analysis; understanding of legislation; definition of materials and constructive techniques, thus defining project strategies by these professionals. In the early 1980s, the country\'s redemocratization process created a favorable environment for better living conditions for people living in irregular areas. In São Paulo, several actions have been developed over time by the public power to face the housing issue through programs such as PRO-FAVELA, PROVER and Urbanization of Slums. With several social housing projects in place, Heliopolis, in the southeast of the capital, is the largest slum in the city and it includes a set of works that represent different alternatives in the search for solutions to the housing issue. We selected as case study for the study the Housing Set Almirante Delamare (1992) authored by Luis Espallargas Gimenez; Housing Set Gleba A - Quadra O and Quadra 1 (2007) and the Housing Set Gleba H (2013) both authored by Vigliecca & Associados; Residencial Comandante Taylor (2012), authored by Piratininga Associated Architects and finally the Heliopolis Housing Set (Provisional Joints) - Gleba G (2014), authored by the Biselli Katchborian Architects office, being presented through plants, texts and photos to understand these different views on Collective Housing of Social Interest.

Os loteamentos residenciais fechados tem sido objeto de crítica acadêmica pelos seus aspectos de segregação e isolamento social, de interrupção do traçado urbano e de privatização do espaço de natureza pública entre outros. Entretanto esse tipo de ocupação tem se expandido pelo país, alterando a característica de nossas cidades. Esta dissertação analisa a arquitetura residencial produzida em Alphaville, no município de Barueri, considerando o contexto em que se insere esse modelo urbano, incluindo hábitos e práticas particulares no desenvolvimento de suas relações sociais. Para isso são apresentadas as análises críticas de oito projetos residenciais que antecedem um acervo de imagens de aproximadamente trinta residências, além de um relato histórico elaborado a partir de informações obtidas em entrevistas com moradores. A unidade habitacional é tomada como célula básica para esse estudo, discutindo-se o projeto de arquitetura das residências como elemento revelador de hábitos familiares e de relacionamento social. Estendendo a cognição desses costumes para a coletividade chegamos então a um melhor entendimento discursivo a respeito da população que opta pelos enclaves fortificados. A contribuição aqui pretendida é pleitear subsídios para melhor compreensão do fenômeno no meio acadêmico, permitindo a evolução da discussão sobre a coexistência dos modelos, cidade aberta e cidade de muros, buscando o pensamento que promova verdadeiros acontecimentos transformadores e assim novas possibilidades para esse quadro. / Housing estates have been aimed at by academic criticism owing to, among others, their aspects of segregation and social isolation, the halt to urban layout and the privatization of public area. However, this kind of occupation has been sprawling throughout the country, tweaking our cities\' features. This paper analyzes the residential architecture devised at Alphaville, in Barueri County, taking into consideration the context in which this urban standard is located, embracing both habits and exclusive customary activities in fostering its social relations. For such matter, critical reviews of eight dwelling projects are introduced; they forego an image heap of approximately thirty houses, apart from a historical account drafted from information gathered in the interviews with local habitants. For this particular study, the housing unit is taken as a basic cell, deliberating the project of the housing architecture as an apprising feature of family customs and of social relationship. Protracting the acknowledgement of such traditions to the community we, then, reach a better comprising understanding concerning the population who opts for the strengthened jurisdictions. The contribution which here is aspired is to plead subsidies to enhance the awareness of the phenomenon in the academic environment, by allowing the discussion over the concurrence of archetypes, vigilant city and walled city, seeking the concept which triggers true shifting therefore new possibilities to this panorama.

Thesis (M.S.W.)--University of Hong Kong, 1986.

Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1983.

Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1987.

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Social Sciences

This dissertation consists of five papers with different objectives. The overall objective is to improve knowledge of effective policies regarding socially deprived large housing estates. All studies deal with the real estate context from a housing company decision-making perspective. The first two papers focus on organisational issues and the following three papers deal with economic issues related to the development of a specific housing area. The research is based on case studies which involve specific methodologies such as interviews, direct observation and collecting data from company accounts. The main message of this thesis is that landlord policies and resources spent on operation and maintenance contribute to local area development. It is also underlined that there is a need for a paradigm shift in Swedish housing, since the regulatory framework appeared to be inadequate. The experience from this study shows that many problems can be solved within the existing laws and through efficient customised property management, but landlords need more effective incentives to improve their policies further. The first two papers address issues about how to organise local management resources in large housing estates. Three different functions were identified: customer service, (e.g. fault-reporting); the letting process; and caretaking (day-to-day management and control over indoor and outdoor areas). The models where more decisions are decentralised lead to better information about the local conditions, make it easier to coordinate work in an area, create more motivation for the staff and make it easier to involve the tenants. This was particularly valuable for socially deprived estates, but the decentralised model raised some moral hazard problems, e.g. the local team create their own agenda, are pressured by certain tenants to give them advantages and that the result is lack of control and consistent housing policy in the company. The third paper deals with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in housing management. Different types of costs are identified and related to the estates’ social condition. The results indicate that a CSR-based management policy leads to approximately 4.5 percent lower annual operation and maintenance costs which improved the company’s profitability, especially if the higher standard of maintenance, made higher rents possible. The study also identified three other benefits of CSR; improved tenant relationship, goodwill and business opportunities and the study is a first step towards a better understanding of the economic consequences of CSR in a real estate-context. The fourth paper analyses the return of the Swedish slumlords, with a focus on a specific area in Malmö. The tenants stayed even though the rent was higher and the quality was lower than in neighbouring areas because of a combination of three factors; rents were paid by different forms of welfare payment, lack of alternatives because of queues to other areas and because some tenants saw an advantage in the “no questions” asked policy that the slumlord followed. It is further argued that the property owners found this slum strategy as profitable either because they hoped to find a “bigger fool” to sell to or because the decision makers in the company had not invested their own money. The study concludes that both tenants and investors were in the end losers, but not the company managers.The fifth paper is an economic evaluation of renovation in socially deprived housing estates. The empirical data indicates that it is profitable to use a clear and active housing management strategy, especially if the rent levels are affected by the standard of management by the landlord. The results also show that the landlord’s policy had positive social effects, both in the form of tenant welfare and in the form of lower costs for Police and the Fire department. The study also indicates that it can be difficult to justify large scale investment purely from a business perspective. / QC 20111122

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995.