Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: There exists a concern about the low rate of providing low-cost houses in South Africa. The premise of the research study is that in the presence of a growing shortage of houses characterised by unplanned squatter settlements, activities for identifying housing beneficiaries should be planned and executed in ways that do not adversely influence the implementation schedules for housing projects. Project management as a discipline provides skills and techniques that are utilised in housing project management. The tendency for housing project implementers to view efficiency in quantitative terms is challenged by pressures from the institutional environment that demand attention to qualitative aspects of housing projects. The research study addresses beneficiary listing as an influential process in the implementation of housing projects. The study is presented in related topics. They are, project management, the institutional environment of the beneficiary listing process, a case study of the Snake Valley Housing Project near Stellenbosch, measurement, observations, and findings. The study concludes with recommendations for the adoption of structure related mechanisms that influence planning, managing and control of housing project activities. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kommer bestaan oor die vlakke van lae-koste behuisingslewering in Suid-Afrika. Die premise van hierdie studie is dat in die groeiende tekort aan huise en ook onbeplande informele nedersettings, aktiwiteite vir die identifisering van behuising begunstigdes, beplan en uitgevoer behoort te word op so 'n wyse dat dit nie die implementering skedules van behuisingsprojekte negatief beinvloed nie. 'n Tendens by behuisingsprojek implementeerders om effektiwiteit in kwantitatiewe terme te bejeën word hiermee uitgedaag vanuit die institusionele omgewing wat toenemend vereis dat aandag ook gewy moet word aan die kwalitatiewe aspekte van behuisingsprojekte. Hierdie studie fokus op die proses van behuisingswaglysting en hoe dit die implementering van behuisingsprojekte beinvloed. Die studie word aangebied deur die volgende verbandhoudende aspekte naamlik projekbestuur, die institusionele omgewing van die behuising waglystingsproses, 'n gevalstudie van die Snake Valley Behuisingsprojek naby Stellenbosch, waarnemings en bevindinge. Die studie eindig met aanbevelings vir die aanvaarding van bepaalde meganismes wat die beplanning, bestuur en beheer van behuising projekaktiwiteite kan beinvloed.

The topics relating to Latin American social housing requirements, has historically been a priority for governments social policies in such countries. In Uruguay, one of the programs promoted by the public sector to satisfy the demand for social housing to lower-income households, has been a venture managed by solidarity cooperative organizations. These cooperative organizations voluntarily associate families with a common housing need, to provide housing solutions through such a social and cultural organization called Housing Cooperative, which is shared ownership and democratically managed. For cooperative launch, the role played by social organizations and the government are crucial, particularly in process efficiency through which, the goal of social housing solutions can be achieved for involved families. This is the study purpose of this thesis, that intends contribute to public management processes improvement to enable housing cooperatives construction. Specially, the research goal is focused on a new approach for the state management process in Cooperative Housing projects, figured out as a Product Process Development, generating value in public actors’ interactions, seeking quality improvements opportunities for such projects. To meet this purpose, process loss value related to wasted time, were identified by process modeling tools, including benchmarks and value stream maps. The impact of time and information issues in loss value was investigated from the cooperative projects end-users point of view. The research was a case study approach and it was divided in two descriptive stages called phases. Phase A was aimed to describe the processes and define criteria for case-study selection. In Phase B was conducted the case studies properly, seeking to distinguish using different data and evidence source, the perceived value within the analyzed process. The main findings relate to the lack of overall process understanding. This vision successfully allows identify perceived creation or loss value, and non-value generation potential in these processes, mainly in social processes. Flow value loses in processes value stream were detected in time and quality of information issues. Given the results, actions are proposed for future value flow map improvement, as well as proposals for short and medium term acting in the main identified variables. / La temática relacionada a la atención de la necesidad de vivienda de interés social en América Latina ha sido una prioridad histórica en las políticas sociales de los gobiernos de muchos de sus países. En el Uruguay, uno de los programas impulsados desde la órbita pública para satisfacer la demanda de viviendas para sectores de población de menores ingresos, ha sido el emprendimiento habitacional gestionado bajo un sistema solidario organizado en forma de cooperativa. Estas asocian voluntariamente a familias con necesidades comunes de acceso a la vivienda, a través de una organización social y cultural que se materializa en una empresa denominada Cooperativa de Vivienda, de propiedad conjunta y controlada democráticamente. Para su surgimiento y formación resulta fundamental el papel que desempeñan las organizaciones sociales y el gobierno, especialmente en la eficiencia de los procesos a través de los cuales esta gestión permite alcanzar la meta de la vivienda social para las familias involucradas, siendo este último el objeto de estudio de la presente tesis. Este trabajo se propuso contribuir a la mejora de los procesos de gestión pública que viabilizan la construcción de viviendas cooperativas. En particular, se estableció como objetivo general de la investigación abordar desde una nueva perspectiva el proceso de gestión estatal de los Emprendimientos Habitacionales Cooperativos, entendiéndolos como un Proceso de Desarrollo del Producto generador de valor, en la fase de interacción con los actores del ámbito público, buscando identificar oportunidades de mejora y formular propuestas que tiendan a incrementar la calidad de estos emprendimientos. Para cumplir este objetivo, se mapearon los procesos para identificar las pérdidas relacionadas al tiempo, aplicando herramientas de modelaje del proceso, incluyendo modelos de referencia y mapas de flujo de valor; se investigó el impacto del tiempo en la pérdida de valor y el impacto de la información en la generación de valor, desde el punto de vista de los usuarios finales de los proyectos cooperativos. La investigación tuvo como método el estudio de casos y su desarrollo se dividió en dos etapas de carácter descriptivo. La Etapa A tuvo como objetivo la caracterización inicial de los procesos describiéndolos de forma genérica y la definición de criterios de selección de los casos. En la Etapa B se realizó el estudio de casos buscando distinguir, utilizando diferentes fuentes de evidencia, el valor percibido dentro del proceso analizado. Las principales conclusiones se relacionan a la necesidad de comprender el proceso de forma global. Esta visión viabilizó la identificación de la generación de valor percibido o la pérdida del mismo, la no generación de valor potencialmente existente en estos procesos, fundamentalmente en los procesos sociales, y las pérdidas en el flujo de valor; y condujo a detectar dos variables importantes: los tiempos de proceso y la calidad de información de los mismos. Frente a los resultados obtenidos se plantearon acciones a implementar en un mapa de flujo de valor futuro del proceso actual, así como propuestas a corto y mediano plazo actuando en las principales variables identificadas.

The topics relating to Latin American social housing requirements, has historically been a priority for governments social policies in such countries. In Uruguay, one of the programs promoted by the public sector to satisfy the demand for social housing to lower-income households, has been a venture managed by solidarity cooperative organizations. These cooperative organizations voluntarily associate families with a common housing need, to provide housing solutions through such a social and cultural organization called Housing Cooperative, which is shared ownership and democratically managed. For cooperative launch, the role played by social organizations and the government are crucial, particularly in process efficiency through which, the goal of social housing solutions can be achieved for involved families. This is the study purpose of this thesis, that intends contribute to public management processes improvement to enable housing cooperatives construction. Specially, the research goal is focused on a new approach for the state management process in Cooperative Housing projects, figured out as a Product Process Development, generating value in public actors’ interactions, seeking quality improvements opportunities for such projects. To meet this purpose, process loss value related to wasted time, were identified by process modeling tools, including benchmarks and value stream maps. The impact of time and information issues in loss value was investigated from the cooperative projects end-users point of view. The research was a case study approach and it was divided in two descriptive stages called phases. Phase A was aimed to describe the processes and define criteria for case-study selection. In Phase B was conducted the case studies properly, seeking to distinguish using different data and evidence source, the perceived value within the analyzed process. The main findings relate to the lack of overall process understanding. This vision successfully allows identify perceived creation or loss value, and non-value generation potential in these processes, mainly in social processes. Flow value loses in processes value stream were detected in time and quality of information issues. Given the results, actions are proposed for future value flow map improvement, as well as proposals for short and medium term acting in the main identified variables. / La temática relacionada a la atención de la necesidad de vivienda de interés social en América Latina ha sido una prioridad histórica en las políticas sociales de los gobiernos de muchos de sus países. En el Uruguay, uno de los programas impulsados desde la órbita pública para satisfacer la demanda de viviendas para sectores de población de menores ingresos, ha sido el emprendimiento habitacional gestionado bajo un sistema solidario organizado en forma de cooperativa. Estas asocian voluntariamente a familias con necesidades comunes de acceso a la vivienda, a través de una organización social y cultural que se materializa en una empresa denominada Cooperativa de Vivienda, de propiedad conjunta y controlada democráticamente. Para su surgimiento y formación resulta fundamental el papel que desempeñan las organizaciones sociales y el gobierno, especialmente en la eficiencia de los procesos a través de los cuales esta gestión permite alcanzar la meta de la vivienda social para las familias involucradas, siendo este último el objeto de estudio de la presente tesis. Este trabajo se propuso contribuir a la mejora de los procesos de gestión pública que viabilizan la construcción de viviendas cooperativas. En particular, se estableció como objetivo general de la investigación abordar desde una nueva perspectiva el proceso de gestión estatal de los Emprendimientos Habitacionales Cooperativos, entendiéndolos como un Proceso de Desarrollo del Producto generador de valor, en la fase de interacción con los actores del ámbito público, buscando identificar oportunidades de mejora y formular propuestas que tiendan a incrementar la calidad de estos emprendimientos. Para cumplir este objetivo, se mapearon los procesos para identificar las pérdidas relacionadas al tiempo, aplicando herramientas de modelaje del proceso, incluyendo modelos de referencia y mapas de flujo de valor; se investigó el impacto del tiempo en la pérdida de valor y el impacto de la información en la generación de valor, desde el punto de vista de los usuarios finales de los proyectos cooperativos. La investigación tuvo como método el estudio de casos y su desarrollo se dividió en dos etapas de carácter descriptivo. La Etapa A tuvo como objetivo la caracterización inicial de los procesos describiéndolos de forma genérica y la definición de criterios de selección de los casos. En la Etapa B se realizó el estudio de casos buscando distinguir, utilizando diferentes fuentes de evidencia, el valor percibido dentro del proceso analizado. Las principales conclusiones se relacionan a la necesidad de comprender el proceso de forma global. Esta visión viabilizó la identificación de la generación de valor percibido o la pérdida del mismo, la no generación de valor potencialmente existente en estos procesos, fundamentalmente en los procesos sociales, y las pérdidas en el flujo de valor; y condujo a detectar dos variables importantes: los tiempos de proceso y la calidad de información de los mismos. Frente a los resultados obtenidos se plantearon acciones a implementar en un mapa de flujo de valor futuro del proceso actual, así como propuestas a corto y mediano plazo actuando en las principales variables identificadas.

The topics relating to Latin American social housing requirements, has historically been a priority for governments social policies in such countries. In Uruguay, one of the programs promoted by the public sector to satisfy the demand for social housing to lower-income households, has been a venture managed by solidarity cooperative organizations. These cooperative organizations voluntarily associate families with a common housing need, to provide housing solutions through such a social and cultural organization called Housing Cooperative, which is shared ownership and democratically managed. For cooperative launch, the role played by social organizations and the government are crucial, particularly in process efficiency through which, the goal of social housing solutions can be achieved for involved families. This is the study purpose of this thesis, that intends contribute to public management processes improvement to enable housing cooperatives construction. Specially, the research goal is focused on a new approach for the state management process in Cooperative Housing projects, figured out as a Product Process Development, generating value in public actors’ interactions, seeking quality improvements opportunities for such projects. To meet this purpose, process loss value related to wasted time, were identified by process modeling tools, including benchmarks and value stream maps. The impact of time and information issues in loss value was investigated from the cooperative projects end-users point of view. The research was a case study approach and it was divided in two descriptive stages called phases. Phase A was aimed to describe the processes and define criteria for case-study selection. In Phase B was conducted the case studies properly, seeking to distinguish using different data and evidence source, the perceived value within the analyzed process. The main findings relate to the lack of overall process understanding. This vision successfully allows identify perceived creation or loss value, and non-value generation potential in these processes, mainly in social processes. Flow value loses in processes value stream were detected in time and quality of information issues. Given the results, actions are proposed for future value flow map improvement, as well as proposals for short and medium term acting in the main identified variables. / La temática relacionada a la atención de la necesidad de vivienda de interés social en América Latina ha sido una prioridad histórica en las políticas sociales de los gobiernos de muchos de sus países. En el Uruguay, uno de los programas impulsados desde la órbita pública para satisfacer la demanda de viviendas para sectores de población de menores ingresos, ha sido el emprendimiento habitacional gestionado bajo un sistema solidario organizado en forma de cooperativa. Estas asocian voluntariamente a familias con necesidades comunes de acceso a la vivienda, a través de una organización social y cultural que se materializa en una empresa denominada Cooperativa de Vivienda, de propiedad conjunta y controlada democráticamente. Para su surgimiento y formación resulta fundamental el papel que desempeñan las organizaciones sociales y el gobierno, especialmente en la eficiencia de los procesos a través de los cuales esta gestión permite alcanzar la meta de la vivienda social para las familias involucradas, siendo este último el objeto de estudio de la presente tesis. Este trabajo se propuso contribuir a la mejora de los procesos de gestión pública que viabilizan la construcción de viviendas cooperativas. En particular, se estableció como objetivo general de la investigación abordar desde una nueva perspectiva el proceso de gestión estatal de los Emprendimientos Habitacionales Cooperativos, entendiéndolos como un Proceso de Desarrollo del Producto generador de valor, en la fase de interacción con los actores del ámbito público, buscando identificar oportunidades de mejora y formular propuestas que tiendan a incrementar la calidad de estos emprendimientos. Para cumplir este objetivo, se mapearon los procesos para identificar las pérdidas relacionadas al tiempo, aplicando herramientas de modelaje del proceso, incluyendo modelos de referencia y mapas de flujo de valor; se investigó el impacto del tiempo en la pérdida de valor y el impacto de la información en la generación de valor, desde el punto de vista de los usuarios finales de los proyectos cooperativos. La investigación tuvo como método el estudio de casos y su desarrollo se dividió en dos etapas de carácter descriptivo. La Etapa A tuvo como objetivo la caracterización inicial de los procesos describiéndolos de forma genérica y la definición de criterios de selección de los casos. En la Etapa B se realizó el estudio de casos buscando distinguir, utilizando diferentes fuentes de evidencia, el valor percibido dentro del proceso analizado. Las principales conclusiones se relacionan a la necesidad de comprender el proceso de forma global. Esta visión viabilizó la identificación de la generación de valor percibido o la pérdida del mismo, la no generación de valor potencialmente existente en estos procesos, fundamentalmente en los procesos sociales, y las pérdidas en el flujo de valor; y condujo a detectar dos variables importantes: los tiempos de proceso y la calidad de información de los mismos. Frente a los resultados obtenidos se plantearon acciones a implementar en un mapa de flujo de valor futuro del proceso actual, así como propuestas a corto y mediano plazo actuando en las principales variables identificadas.

China has adopted Sustainable Development as a national strategy for all industries. In civil construction sector, sustainability is regarded as the development of Green Building in China. Since 2000, China has introduced a series of policies and laws to promote Green Building. Green Building was defined as buildings that are “energy-efficient, land-efficient, water-efficient, and material-efficient” and emit “minimal pollution” in during its entire life cycle, and meets a specified standard for indoor environment at the same time. However, energy efficiency is the central issue of current Green Building development in China, while issues of resources and pollution are neglected, which is partly due to China’s energy structure. Social and economic aspects are also always ignored. The main aim of this thesis is to map pathways towards more comprehensive frameworks for how residential areas in China could be constructed in a more sustainable way in hot –summer and cold-winter area. Case study was the main method used to examine the specifications of Green Residential Building in China. This paper offers a general overview of the current green trend in China and presents a specific analysis on three cases to search for the proper approach for China’s unique situation by three specific cases representing three types of Green Building: Modern Vernacular Architecture, Eco-office and Mass-housing, according to their features in scale, location and function. This paper then presents a specific integrated sustainability analysis of the Landsea Housing Project in Nanjing, a hot-summer/cold-winter zone. Hammarby Sjöstad, a cutting edge project in Stockholm, is also discussed as a reference area from which experiences can be drawn for China. The aim was to improve the framework for construction of residential buildings in China in a more sustainable way, from energy efficiency to integrated sustainability. The paper also discusses the relationship between the economic growth and energy consumption in the fast-growing situation, presents several scenarios depicting energy and comfort and makes suggestions for China. The roles of government, developers and residents are also addressed. The paper argues that an adaptive and holistic approach, which must be expanded from both spatial scale and temporal span, should be established for the Green Residential Building development in China, as an effective way to meet the sustainability goal. / QC 20101013

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The positioning of Stellenbosch University in a rapidly changing higher education context necessitates transformation, the promotion of diversity, and social integration among all students on campus. Although a vast variety of recruitment and support initiatives are in place to diversify the student population and to enhance student success, it is not sufficient to simply widen access for African, coloured and Indian students to Stellenbosch University. Change with regard to the institutional culture and social climate of the institution also needs to be effected. One intervention aimed at achieving this is the Listening, Living and Learning programme, promoting social change among students. The Listening, Living and Learning (LLL) programme is a senior student housing programme, and a co-curricular living-learning community, and is the first of its kind in South Africa. The students in the LLL houses are ideally a diverse group of students, learning to live together, hosting conversations with guest speakers about the theme of their house and participating in a small project. The initiative aims to develop students as agents of change. Since its establishment in 2008, the outcomes of the LLL programme have not yet been evaluated. This study is embedded in a broader programme evaluation of the LLL initiative and evaluated only one of the programme outcomes: increased levels of interaction among students in a LLL house lead to reduced stereotyping and diminished bias. All the students enrolled in LLL for 2013 (N=99) participated in the study. An applied, quantitative approach was followed. A web-based, electronic survey (Student Attitude Questionnaire) was conducted in a one-group pre-test post-test design that was completed by 79 students. The questionnaire measured tolerance towards five constructs of ‘the other’ – gender, race, language, socio-economic status and nationality. The results indicated for all five constructs – gender, language, race, socio-economic status and nationality – a change in senior students’ stereotypical and discriminatory attitudes, increasing to a more intolerant level from the pre-test to the post-test. The changes were not statistically significant. The deduction can be made that increased levels of interaction among students in a LLL house, over a five-month period, did not lead to reduced stereotyping and diminished bias. The short timespan between measurements and the adjustment, as well as developmental processes of the students, impacted the results. However, valuable information was gathered in terms of students’ interpersonal and intrapersonal development; as well as feedback on the programme content and outcome. This research study contributes, firstly, to a starting point for discussion to allow HEIs to consider learning communities as part of the co-curricular sphere in South Africa. Secondly, the research indicated the vital role learning communities play in students’ in-class and out-of-class development. Thirdly, the study highlights the need for discussion and research on the integration of curricular and co-curricular learning in South Africa, as well as the establishing of partnerships between all role players in student affairs and faculty. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Universiteit van Stellenbosch se posisie in die vinnige veranderende konteks van hoër onderwys noodsaak transformasie, bevordering van diversiteit en sosiale integrasie van alle studente op kampus. Al is ’n groot verskeidenheid werwing- en steuninitiatiewe in plek om die studentepopulasie te diversifiseer en studentesukses te bevorder, is dit nie genoeg om slegs toegang na die Universiteit van Stellenbosch vir swart, bruin en Indiër studente te vergemaklik nie. Daar moet ook veranderinge aan die institusionele kultuur en sosiale klimaat van die inrigting teweeggebring word. Een intervensie wat daarop gemik is om dit te bereik deur sosiale verandering onder studente te bevorder, is die Luister-, Leef- en Leerprogram. Die Luister-, Leef- en Leerprogram (LLL) is ’n behuisingsprogram vir senior studente en ’n ko-kurrikulêre leefgemeenskap, die eerste van sy soort in Suid-Afrika. Die studente in die LLL-huise is idealgesproke ’n diverse groep studente wat leer om saam te leef, gasheer speel vir gesprekke oor hulle huis se tema met sprekers van buite en deelneem aan ’n klein projek. Die inisiatief het ten doel om studente as veranderingsagente te ontwikkel. Sedert dit in 2008 begin is, is die uitkomste van die LLL-program nog nie geëvalueer nie. Hierdie studie is gesetel in ’n breër programevaluering van die LLL-initiatief en evalueer slegs een van die program se uitkomste: hoër vlakke van interaksie tussen studente in ’n LLL-huis lei tot die vermindering van stereotipering en bevooroordele. Al die studente wat in 2013 vir LLL ingeskryf is (N=99), het aan die studie deelgeneem. ’n Toegepaste, kwantitatiewe aanslag is gevolg. ’n Webgebaseerde, elektroniese opname (“Student Attitude Questionnaire”) is gemaak volgens ’n eengroep-voortoets-natoets-ontwerp wat deur 79 studente voltooi is. Die vraelys meet verdraagsaamheid teenoor vyf konstruksies van ‘die ander’ – geslag, ras, taal, sosio-ekonomiese status en nasionaliteit. Die resultate dui op ’n verandering in senior studente se stereotiperende en diskriminerende houdings in al vyf konstruksies – geslag, taal, ras, sosio-ekonomiese status en nasionaliteit – met ’n verhoging na ’n meer onverdraagsame vlak vanaf die voortoets na die natoets. Die veranderinge was nie statisties beduidend nie. Die afleiding kan gemaak word dat die verhoogde vlakke van interaksie tussen studente in ’n LLL-huis oor ’n periode van vyf maande nie gelei het tot verminderde stereotipering en bevooroordele nie. Die kort tydperk tussen opnames en die aanpassing sowel as die ontwikkelingsprosesse van die studente het ’n impak op die resultate gemaak. Waardevolle inligting is egter ingesamel oor studente se interpersoonlike en intrapersoonlike ontwikkeling sowel as terugvoer op die program se inhoud en uitkomste. Hierdie navorsingstudie dra eerstens by tot ’n beginpunt vir die bespreking dat inrigtings vir hoër onderwys leergemeenskappe as deel van die ko-kurrikulêre terrein in Suid-Afrika beskou. Tweedens dui die navorsing op die belangrike rol wat leergemeenskappe in studente se binne- en buiteklasontwikkeling speel. Derdens beklemtoon die studie die behoefte aan bespreking en navorsing oor die integrasie van kurrikulêre en ko-kurrikulêre leer in Suid-Afrika, sowel as die behoefte aan vennootskappe tussen alle rolspelers in studentesake en fakulteite.

Freshwater in adequate supply and quality is vital to life on Earth; however, land-based activities such as development, agriculture, mining and industry, and their associated contaminants, pose a major threat to the quality of freshwater water resources and health of aquatic ecosystems. The upper uMngeni catchment draining into Midmar Dam is a strategically significant water resource, supplying clean drinking water to the eThekwini, uMgungundlovu and Msunduzi municipalities. The quality of this resource is under threat from current land-based activities such as Mpophomeni settlement and agriculture and emerging threats in the form of the Khayalisha social housing project. Monitoring sites were established in varying land use types in three sub-catchments of the upper uMngeni, to assess water quality and ecosystem health impacts of current land uses on Midmar Dam. A suite of physical, chemical and biological water parameters were sampled in conjunction with SASS5 bio-monitoring to assess the associated impacts. Water quality and ecological condition were highest in forested land use and upstream of Mpophomeni where natural land cover and sparse settlement occurred. Marked declines in water quality and ecological condition were observed at areas under commercial agriculture, indicated predominantly by rises in nutrient concentrations and declines in the SASS5 indices. The most notable declines in water quality and ecological condition were observed at sites downstream of Mpophomeni settlement as a result of severe sewage contamination, indicated by high E. coli counts. Nutrient concentrations downstream of Mpophomeni settlement ranged from mesotrophic to hypertrophic, with nitrogen to phosphorus ratios indicative of nitrogen limitation. Ecological condition remained in the ‘seriously/critically modified’ category over the study period. Nutrient loads produced by Mpophomeni are the highest of all the land uses, followed by that of commercial agriculture; both should be viewed as a concern, more so when viewed in terms of their compound effect on Midmar Dam water quality. Current water quality draining the commissioned Khayalisha social housing development area is good and although not natural, is of no contamination concern to Midmar Dam. Results indicate that with current land use activities, urban development and agriculture pose a potential threat to the quality of Midmar Dam resource and that further development in the form of the Khayalisha social housing project may replicate impacts already prevailing in Mpophomeni, whereby a principle water resource may be threatened by eutrophication. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2012.

Hostels are a product of the migrant labour system that originated in the copper mining industry in Namaqualand in the 1850s. The migrant labour compounds were used to accommodate migrant labour workers in the urban areas. However, these compounds also meant that migrant labour workers were denied the right of access to permanent accommodation and residential space in the urban areas. After the repeal of the influx control and segregative laws in South Africa in 1986, some of the hostel dwellers brought their relatives and friends to live in the hostels and this resulted in problems such as overcrowding which were exacerbated by poor management and control of the hostels. The living conditions of the hostel dwellers deteriorated during the 1990s. After the announcement of the unbanning of all liberation movements and political parties in South Africa in the 1990s, hostel violence broke out. This hostel violence left many hostel blocks vandalised and without basic municipal services such as electricity, water and waste removal. The hostel violence was primarily between the Inkata Freedom Party (IFP) aligned hostel dwellers and the African National Congress (ANC) aligned township and informal settlement residents. The hostel violence has catalysed the public housing challenges faced by the democratic government since its inception in 1994. Nevertheless, since 1994 the democratic government has introduced various housing programmes in an effort to provide adequate houses for all South African citizens. One such housing programme is the hostel redevelopment programme. The hostel redevelopment programme was adopted by the democratic government after 1994 with the aim of, among other things, upgrading public hostels, redeveloping and converting the rooms in public hostels into family rental units in order to improve the living conditions of the hostel dwellers and introducing hostel dwellers to family life. The Mogale City Local Municipality (MCLM) is one of the municipalities in Gauteng province that is participating in the hostel redevelopment programme. The findings of this study have revealed that the upgrading of the Kagiso hostel involved the following two processes: During the first process, the MCLM upgraded the Kagiso hostel by fixing broken windows and doors, repairing toilets and providing basic municipal services such as electricity, water, and waste removal in order to improve the living conditions of the hostel dwellers. The second process involved demolishing the hostel blocks and converting them into family units in order to address the public housing challenges relevant to the Kagiso hostel. In this study, the hostel redevelopment programme is called process 1 and the community residential units (CRU) programme is called process 2. / Public Administration & Management / M. Tech. (Public Management)

Hostels are a product of the migrant labour system that originated in the copper mining industry in Namaqualand in the 1850s. The migrant labour compounds were used to accommodate migrant labour workers in the urban areas. However, these compounds also meant that migrant labour workers were denied the right of access to permanent accommodation and residential space in the urban areas. After the repeal of the influx control and segregative laws in South Africa in 1986, some of the hostel dwellers brought their relatives and friends to live in the hostels and this resulted in problems such as overcrowding which were exacerbated by poor management and control of the hostels. The living conditions of the hostel dwellers deteriorated during the 1990s. After the announcement of the unbanning of all liberation movements and political parties in South Africa in the 1990s, hostel violence broke out. This hostel violence left many hostel blocks vandalised and without basic municipal services such as electricity, water and waste removal. The hostel violence was primarily between the Inkata Freedom Party (IFP) aligned hostel dwellers and the African National Congress (ANC) aligned township and informal settlement residents. The hostel violence has catalysed the public housing challenges faced by the democratic government since its inception in 1994. Nevertheless, since 1994 the democratic government has introduced various housing programmes in an effort to provide adequate houses for all South African citizens. One such housing programme is the hostel redevelopment programme. The hostel redevelopment programme was adopted by the democratic government after 1994 with the aim of, among other things, upgrading public hostels, redeveloping and converting the rooms in public hostels into family rental units in order to improve the living conditions of the hostel dwellers and introducing hostel dwellers to family life. The Mogale City Local Municipality (MCLM) is one of the municipalities in Gauteng province that is participating in the hostel redevelopment programme. The findings of this study have revealed that the upgrading of the Kagiso hostel involved the following two processes: During the first process, the MCLM upgraded the Kagiso hostel by fixing broken windows and doors, repairing toilets and providing basic municipal services such as electricity, water, and waste removal in order to improve the living conditions of the hostel dwellers. The second process involved demolishing the hostel blocks and converting them into family units in order to address the public housing challenges relevant to the Kagiso hostel. In this study, the hostel redevelopment programme is called process 1 and the community residential units (CRU) programme is called process 2. / Public Administration and Management / M. Tech. (Public Management)