This thesis analyzes the validity of main assumptions of housing classes approach, which is a Weberian mode of analyses developed to explain the effects of spatial stratification on social structures of cities, in an empirical level through a case study. According to this approach, housing is a scarce resource which is subject to processes of competition between different social groups and struggles among these groups to get access to desirable housing types constitute the basis of urban social processes. In this context, it is suggested that housing type resided in has apparent effect on individuals&rsquo / position in social stratification system and their life chances are restricted in the style and location of housing to which they could get access. It is seen that the way of analysis proposed by housing classes approach has certain effects on urban studies conducted in Turkey, as well. These studies suggest that differences in accessed housing types and in living spaces on a large scale affects life chances of social groups residing in there. By the same token, apartment and squatter (gecekondu) have been used as two concepts representing the relationships of different social sections with the city and they have been considered as two different social environments or neighborhoods. In this context, in addition to analyzing the main assumptions of housing classes approach in an empirical level, this study also questions the mode of analysis used in studies conducted in Turkey insofar as they share the main assumptions of this approach, within the frame of transformations experienced in gecekondu neighborhoods. In this study, in the light of the findings gathered through case study, it is concluded that spatial stratification arising from the housing ownership is parallel to the social divisions based on labor market. Moreover, it is found out that gecekondu and apartment being constructed during transformation processes in gecekondu areas do not indicate different social environments or living spaces which represent opposite forms of social relations and, therefore, which separate from each other through definite lines.

As a result of the disregard of governments&rsquo / direct urbanization policies for more than 50 years, most of the settlements in Turkey today demonstrate sub-standard environments and unauthorized developments subject to severe natural hazards. Turkey will have to focus in the near future on the renewal and regeneration of cities built over the past six decades, rather then sticking to urban policies solely devoted to extend new urban areas. The production of legal instruments and urban policies to facilitate the new policy of regeneration in physical and social terms, seems to be the most challenging issue facing urban planning. Urban regeneration planning aims to produce strategies and policies concurrently devoted to maintain physical rehabilitation and social transformation in built areas. For this reason, urban regeneration planning requires legal tools, regulations and methods different then those of conventional development planning. A new approach to urban regeneration planning is the development of urban database systems. These sytems are discussed here by means of a model developed for the case of Zeytinburnu. This model is prepared by organizing and developing the urban databases produced by local governments and international institutions for istanbul integrating natural conditions, physical assets, and the social characteristics. This requires a new set of &lsquo / Analytical Studies&rsquo / approach. The main obstacle in urban database system in Turkey is the lack of legal arrangements. New regulations are needed to describe the organisation and principles of database management in technical and administrative terms. Other implications are that an entirely new generation of urban planners need to be trained, improvement of expertise on database management, database use and updating protocols. Such systems could also constitute an essential instrument of public participation in local planning and urban management process.

The definition of the periphery can be made in in different ways, based on the concepts emphisized in different theoretical discussions. Correspondingly, different peripheries appear in Europe from the perspectives of these different definitions. The thesis puts forward five different definitions of the periphery / definition of the periphery based on income and income growth differentials / definition of the periphery by using economic structure, employment and population potentials / definition of the periphery based on welfare conditions / definition of the periphery based on externalities / and definition of the periphery based on endogenous growth dynamics. All these definitions produce different core-periphery maps of Europe. The evidence is based on the use of cluster analysis to identify different groups of regions homogenous in terms of variables that belong to every one of these five definitions. The result confirms that there are different peripheries in Europe. One region that is categorised as core can fall into a peripheral group in a different clasification. This shows that there is not only one type of periphery in Europe, but that different peripheries appear in case of the usage of different variables. The thesis also argues that there is a need for regional policies that do not the define the periphery as a homogenous area by considering only income differentials, but that identifies different peripheries that have different needs and problems, and devise instruments accordingly.

The aim of this study is to analyze regional disparities and to test the convergence hypothesis across the provinces of Turkey. The study also attempts to analyze the spatial spillovers in the growth process of the provinces. The analyses cover the 1987-2001 period. Two alternative methodologies are used in the analyses. First, the methodology of &amp / #946 / -convergence based on cross-sectional regressions is used and effects of spatial dependence are analyzed using spatial econometric techniques. Second, Markov chain analysis is used and spatial dependence is integrated using spatial Markov chains. Results of both methodologies signal nonexistence of convergence and existence of spatial spillovers in the growth process of provinces.

The need for the public areas within urban environments is increasing day by day. This thesis focuses on urban balconies as one of the important element of public open areas. Their historical backgrounds, contribution to the cities, categorization and exemplification form important topics for explaining the concept. The study also searches the important natural features that effect the urban development of Bursa and questions the place of urban balconies between them. While explaining the past and the present situations, types and the usages of urban balconies&amp / #8217 / of Bursa / this thesis emphasizes their existing but neglected qualitative and quantitative values, that have the potential to play an important role for the physical shaping of the city so as the formation of urban image. Related to this, also the importance of the revitalization of the urban balconies as public open areas takes part in this study. Key Words: Urban Balconies, Vista Points, Topographical Features, Public Open Areas, Bursa.

Urban renewal policies in welfare state period are usually associated with the paradigm of social engineering that was dominant between 1940s and 1970s. However, in the wake of the fiscal crisis of the state in 1970s, and the following hegemony of the new right, urban policies including the renewal schemes have been ever-increasingly dominated by the deregulatory market oriented policies and rent seeking concerns. De-regulatory urban renewal policies focusing mainly in squatter areas have also dominated the urban policies and political discourse in Turkey since the mid-1980s and little attention has been paid to the negative consequences of these policies. Today, more than ever, residential redevelopment presents cities with a fundamental dilemma. In order to change the social and spatial condition of disstressed areas, alternative policies are implemented through either market or state-led redevelopment schemes. However, very same renewal schemes directly or indirectly leads to displacement of lower-income population, raising concerns over political equity. Likewise, overall success of these schemes often complicated by their impact on the macro-form of the cities. The main objective of this study is to discuss the impacts of de-regulatory urban renewal policies on the socio-spatial structure of contemporary Turkish cities in which, social exclusion and spatial segregation are becoming increasingly widespread. The case of Dikmen Valley Redevelopment Project provides us with the opportunities to conduct this discussion since it is one of the most significant urban renewal projects in Turkey and it is regarded as a model for the forthcoming gecekondu transformation projects. The thesis argues that although the scheme has been led by the local authority, the logic of market which revolves around the rent-seeking activities has dominated the redevelopment process in the area and main losers are the tenants who live in the squatters subjected to redevelopment.

Urban identity can be defined as the intuition of the user, concerning the unique appearance of a city, which unifies environmental, historical, sociocultural, functional, and spatial values in urban space. In that sense, whether negative or positive, the impacts of the urban developments and differentiations, on physical environment and the user, cause to differ the impression about the urban space and the identity features. Bodrum town started lose its spatial, architectural, socio-cultural, functional, local values and urban identity, which were remaining before 1970s, with the wrongly planned and managed developments. In that sense, the objective of the thesis is to analyze this transformation process through the framework of urban morphology, urban functions, and meanings in urban space, and besides three study areas that were chosen in neighborhood scale are going to be analyzed considering the urban transformation that take place after 1970s within the context of planning approaches. In conclusion, some suggestions will be given to strengthen and sustain the remaining urban identity features in present time.

The portfolio explores the concepts of ‘sameness’ and ‘difference’ and their implications for the field of counselling psychology and professional practice. Consisting of an empirical research piece, a case study and a critical review of literature, each section of the portfolio examines the main theme against existing models, participant accounts and the perspective of experts in the various fields. The portfolio begins with a qualitative research study of ten Black British Lesbians and their experiences of negotiating their multiple identities. The second section consists of a case study which explores the role of similarity and dissimilarity in the therapeutic relationship. The portfolio ends with a critical literature review which comprises a consideration of studies of intra-racial discrimination in the Black community.

Harm reduction is an approach that aims to reduce harms related to using drugs. Harm reduction services often fail to consider the needs of women who inject drugs or minimise responses to women’s needs in service design and implementation (Bennett et al., 2000; Brown et al., 2005; EMCDDA, 2006; Levy, 2014a; Pinkham, Stoicesu and Myers, 2012; UNODC et al., 2014). It is therefore crucial to understand the experiences of women who inject drugs from their own perspectives, as well as those of harm reduction workers, in order to develop and implement effective responses to injecting drug use. This thesis explores how ‘harm’ and ‘harm reduction’ are conceptualised by workers and clients at a women-only day syringe exchange programme. It answers the following questions: In what ways do participants’ broader understandings of ‘harm’ and ‘harm reduction’ go beyond the traditional public health model of harm reduction in response to illicit injectable drug use? How are clients and workers’ understandings gendered? These questions were explored empirically through fieldwork in 2013 and 2014 at a harm reduction centre which featured a women-only day syringe exchange programme in Budapest, Hungary. This women-only day was the only gender sensitive harm reduction programme in the country, and the first study undertaken with Roma women who inject drugs in Hungary and female harm reduction workers. In addition, this first research project to use photovoice within a harm reduction context in Hungary. Data were co-produced with respondents according to the principles of Feminist- informed Participatory Action Research, using the method of ‘photovoice’. This method involved providing cameras for clients and employees of the women-only day to photograph their experiences and understandings of harm, harm production, and harm reduction. A significant portion of the data collected for this study was created by female harm reduction workers who worked at the women-only syringe exchange programme. Employees and clients’ images guided the research observations, interviews, and analysis. This meant collaboration between the participants and the researcher through the fieldwork, including the development and implementation of a research output in the form of a public photo exhibition and fundraiser event. The event was called ‘Chicks on the Corner’, and is the source of the thesis title as well as the title of the research project. The theoretical frameworks of zemiology (the study of harm) and black and multiracial feminist thought informed the ontological and epistemological grounding of the Chicks on the Corner project. These frameworks, coupled with the empirical data, produced an argument for the development of a feminist zemiology. The analytical themes that emerged from the Chicks on the Corner project were produced and categorised primarily using participant generated photographs. These images depict the multiple intersecting, overlapping, and mutually reinforcing sources of harm production and attempts at harm reduction in participants’ lives. Analysis of the photographs affirm that women who inject drugs experience an array of harms in addition to physical harms related to their drug use. Harms identified by research participants were categorised using Hillyard and Tombs (2004; 2005) zemiological typology. This typology consists of: physical harms, emotional harms, economic harms, and cultural harms (also known as lack of cultural safety). In addition, a new fifth category of harm was created based on participants’ responses, and is called institutional and political harms. The data from the Chicks on the Corner project show how institutional and political harms contributed to the production of the other four categories of harm. Furthermore, the analysis outlines the numerous challenges workers faced in attempting to provide adequate harm reduction responses while experiencing multiple social harms as well. These novel findings suggest the need for expanded definitions of ‘harm’ in harm reduction theory and practices. The findings from the Chicks on the Corner project complement existing literature on harm reduction theory and practice while also adding to the limited body of research on gender- sensitive approaches to harm reduction. This thesis contributes to an expansion of theoretical understandings of harm and harm reduction in relation to women who inject drugs and harm reduction workers, as well as discussing implications for gender sensitive harm reduction practices. Based on this analysis, I propose the development of feminist zemiology as a way to better understanding harm.

Le massif de l'Agly a subit un métamorphisme hercynien haute température – basse pression dont le gradient apparent est comparable à celui des zones volcaniques actuelles (120°C.km-1). Ce gradient anormal a donné lieu à plusieurs hypothèses (i) des déformations structurales (amincissement crustal, délamination), (ii) un apport thermique (activité magmatique).Les affleurements du massif de l'Agly permettent l'observation d'une succession sans hiatus apparent des faciès métamorphiques de schistes verts à granulites. Le socle est constitué de gneiss précambriens et d'orthogneiss cambriens. En discordance sur le socle repose une couverture de sédiments paléozoïques. De nombreux granitoïdes tardi-carbonifère se sont mis en place à dans le massif.Nous avons actualisé les données thermobarométrique selon deux approches (la modélisation thermodynamique NKFMASHTL et des calibrations thermobarométrique). Les résultats barométriques indiquent une pression maximale de 4,5 ± 0,5 kbar pour les terrains les plus profonds et un hiatus de l’ordre de 1,5 kbar entre socle et couverture. Le pic du métamorphisme est suivi par des réactions correspondant à une décompression.Une modélisation thermique de la conduction de sills nous a permis de tester l'effet de différents paramètres : conductivité, capacité calorifique ; géotherme initial ; épaisseur de la croûte ; réactions métamorphiques ; fréquence, géométrie, température et profondeur d'injection des sills. Un amincissement crustal ou un apport de chaleur mantellique purement conductif ne sont pas suffisant, sans la mise en place de sills à une profondeur équivalente à celle du haut du socle, pour expliquer les observations. / The Agly massif undergone a high temperature - low pressure metamorphism which shows an apparent thermal gradient comparable to that of present-day volcanic zones (120°C.km-1). Such abnormal thermal gradients have given way to various hypotheses, including structural deformations (crustal thinning, delamination), or heat input due to a magmatic activity.The outcrops through the Agly massif allow the study of an apparently hiatus-free succession of metamorphic facies ranging from greenschists to granulites. The massif is composed of a basement of precambrian gneisses and cambrian orthogneisses. The basement is unconformably overlain by a paleozoïc sedimentary cover. The late-Carboniferous granitoïds, associated to mafic intrusions, are observed at all levels.We have used thermodynamic modelling and thermobarometric calibrations to revisited the thermobarometric data for both cover and basement rocks. Both methods provide consistent barometric results, 4,5 ± 0,5 kbar for the deepest parts of the massif and a hiatus in the range of 1,5 kbar between the basement and the cover. Post-peak reactions correspond to a decompression. A conductive thermal modelling of sills injection allow us to test the influence of various parameters on the heat flow through the crust modeled : thermal conductivity and heat capacity ; initial geotherm ; crust thickness ; metamorphic reactions ; timing, geometry, temperature and depth of sill injection. Crustal delamination, thinning or magma emplacement in the lower crust cannot reproduce the observed HT-LP metamorphic conditions, unless associated with magma injection at the depth corresponding to the one of the top of the Agly basement.