Dans les approches centrées utilisateur, les techniques, méthodes, et processus de développement utilisés visent à connaître et comprendre les utilisateurs (analyser leurs besoins, évaluer leurs manières d'utiliser les systèmes) dans le but de concevoir et développer des systèmes utilisables, c'est-à-dire, en adéquation avec leurs comportements, leurs compétences et leurs besoins. Parmi les techniques employées pour garantir l'utilisabilité, la modélisation des tâches permet de décrire les objectifs et acticités des utilisateurs. Grâce aux modèles produits, les spécialistes des facteurs humains peuvent analyser et évaluer l'efficacité des applications interactives. Cette approche d'analyse et de modélisation de tâches a toujours mis l'accent sur la représentation explicite du comportement standard de l'utilisateur. Ceci s'explique par le fait que les erreurs humaines ne font pas partie des objectifs des utilisateurs et qu'ils sont donc exclus de la description des tâches. Cette vision sans erreurs, suivie largement par la communauté en Interaction Homme-Machine, est très différente de celle de la communauté en Facteur Humain qui, depuis ses débuts, s'intéresse à comprendre les causes des erreurs humaines et leur impact sur la performance, mais aussi sur des aspects majeurs comme la sureté de fonctionnement et la fiabilité des utilisateurs et de leur travail. L'objectif de cette thèse est de démontrer qu'il est possible de décrire de façon systématique, dans des modèles de tâches, les erreurs pouvant survenir lors de l'accomplissement de tâches utilisateur. Pour cette démonstration, nous proposons une approche à base de modèles de tâches associée à un processus de description des erreurs humaines et supportée par un ensemble d'outils. Cette thèse présente les résultats de l'application de l'approche proposée à une étude de cas industrielle dans le domaine d'application de l'aéronautique. / In user-centered approaches, the techniques, methods, and development processes used aim to know and understand the users (analyze their needs, evaluate their ways of using the systems) in order to design and develop usable systems that is in line with their behavior, skills and needs. Among the techniques used to guarantee usability, task modeling makes it possible to describe the objectives and activities of the users. With task models, human factors specialists can analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of interactive applications. This approach of task analysis and modeling has always focused on the explicit representation of the standard behavior of the user. This is because human errors are not part of the users' objectives and are therefore excluded from the job description. This vision of error-free activities, widely followed by the human-machine interaction community, is very different from the Human Factor community vison on user tasks. Since its inception, Human Factor community has been interested in understanding the causes of human error and its impact on performance, but also on major aspects like the reliability of the operation and the reliability of the users and their work. The objective of this thesis is to demonstrate that it is possible to systematically describe, in task models, user errors that may occur during the performance of user tasks. For this demonstration, we propose an approach based on task models associated with a human error description process and supported by a set of tools. This thesis presents the results of the application of the proposed approach to an industrial case study in the application domain of aeronautics.

<p>In today‟s manufacturing environment, different parts manufactured in-house and bought from suppliers are often assembled together into a finished product. Competition has made it very important for companies to deliver a customized product on a promised date. However, when inventory items are missing at the time of production, lead times for products become uncertain and this makes it difficult to fulfill a customer order on the promised date. It is thus important to explore the causes of missing items at the time of production in order to solve such a problem. This Master of Science thesis carried out through a case study at Fläkt Woods in collaboration with Jönköping University is about the problem of not finding specific inventory items in the locations specified by the computer system. It is delimited to inventory items which are physically within the company premises or which according to the computer system are within the premises of the company. The questions at issue have been what the causes of the problem of missing items within the company are and how to effectively reduce the problem. The thesis has been carried out over an entire academic semester as a full-time work in the company. The sources of the problem have been found to be the result of the work procedure, the underlying software used during work (the in-house developed ERP system), stealing from orders, ineffective barcode scans, re-sequencing at the component manufacturing department (called pre-manufacturing in the company) due to the need to fulfill multiple objectives, set-up times at the component manufacturing department and human errors among others. The suggestions given include: modification of the work procedure and the underlying software used at work, increasing effective scanning and using some checks at critical points in the material flow. Areas for further research are given to further reduce the impact of the problem on the production system.</p>

In today‟s manufacturing environment, different parts manufactured in-house and bought from suppliers are often assembled together into a finished product. Competition has made it very important for companies to deliver a customized product on a promised date. However, when inventory items are missing at the time of production, lead times for products become uncertain and this makes it difficult to fulfill a customer order on the promised date. It is thus important to explore the causes of missing items at the time of production in order to solve such a problem. This Master of Science thesis carried out through a case study at Fläkt Woods in collaboration with Jönköping University is about the problem of not finding specific inventory items in the locations specified by the computer system. It is delimited to inventory items which are physically within the company premises or which according to the computer system are within the premises of the company. The questions at issue have been what the causes of the problem of missing items within the company are and how to effectively reduce the problem. The thesis has been carried out over an entire academic semester as a full-time work in the company. The sources of the problem have been found to be the result of the work procedure, the underlying software used during work (the in-house developed ERP system), stealing from orders, ineffective barcode scans, re-sequencing at the component manufacturing department (called pre-manufacturing in the company) due to the need to fulfill multiple objectives, set-up times at the component manufacturing department and human errors among others. The suggestions given include: modification of the work procedure and the underlying software used at work, increasing effective scanning and using some checks at critical points in the material flow. Areas for further research are given to further reduce the impact of the problem on the production system.

Introduction: In today’s global world, supply chain and logistics operations have become far too complicated to be handled by individual firms. Nowadays, it is dealt by logistics and freight solution providing companies. The companies introduce an amount of flexibility for the firms doing their business. The performance of supply chain operations depends upon various dimensions such as location, quality, on-time delivery, dependability and cost. Reducing the operational costs by increasing effectiveness of process helps to gain a competitive advantage. Background: Logistics is a highly labour intensive industry. The primary role of a distribution centre as a supply chain element is to sort and forward the incoming goods(parcels) as effectively as possible within the minimum time. Due to the varied physical attributes of incoming goods/parcels, the sorting process in distribution centres involves different handling techniques. One such technique is the use of a parcel sorter conveyor system, there are various factors based on which the output increases or decreases in such systems. Flexibility is a factor that is seldom compromised, thus failing to operate effectively when volume increases, reduce a competitive advantage for the any distribution centre. Purpose: The purpose is to identify reasons for ineffectiveness during the process and find improvement opportunities which enables a distribution centre to handle more volume on a daily basis. Case: This single case study is carried out at a regional distribution centre aiming to grow regarding the number of suppliers and volume of handled parcels. Findings: The sources of ineffectiveness and improvement opportunities were identified (some of the improvement opportunities are case specific). Discussions: The study provides evidence that errors which are thought to be caused due to human actions can have other root causes, a synergetic approach is suitable in situations where high interdependency of variables exist.   Conclusions: The study has focused on a single case study, conducting the similar type of study with other companies working within a similar environment can provide more generalisable evidence. Improvement should be seen with a mentality of sustaining, with high variability of changes occurring, there should be a focus towards continuous improvement as well.

Preventive maintenance is a process employed to reduce probability of failure or degradation of equipment. When such a process is performed by humans without a computerized solution, human errors are bound to take place. A computerized solution could reduce human errors by automatically performing tasks which are prone to error. A React web and a React Native application are created to evaluate which framework is most suitable for use in a preventive maintenance process based on three criteria. The criteria are round-trip request times, lines of code and delivery time based on build size. Results show that the React web application outperforms the React Native application in all three categories.