Os recursos empregados para identificação humana variam desde antropologia física até o estudo dos ácidos nucléicos. Exemplos recentes como o Tsunami, na Tailândia e o Katrina, em Nova Orleans reforçam a necessidade de domínio de técnicas de extração do DNA no processo de identificação de corpos esqueletizados ou em estado de decomposição avançado que estiveram sob influência de ambiente aquoso. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer a casuística de situações que envolvam casos de afogamento, através dos registros do Instituto Médico-Legal Nina Rodrigues na cidade de Salvador - Bahia, além de, verificar o potencial de recuperação do DNA obtido de dentes humanos, imersos na água doce e salgada, por 1 mês. Foram utilizados 40 dentes sendo o DNA extraído pelo método orgânico e amplificado por PCR utilizando a amelogenina como iniciador. A eletroforese ocorreu inicialmente em gel de agarose e posteriormente em gel de poliacrilamida. Em seguida, foram selecionadas 10 amostras para amplificação através do sistema Powerplex® 16 System, sendo a eletroforese realizada em seqüenciador automático. No levantamento, observou-se 346 óbitos por afogamento, a maioria destes na água salgada (51,73%), predominando vítimas do sexo masculino (86,13%), na faixa etária de 18-35 anos (37,94%). Os cirurgiõesdentistas atuaram na identificação de 14,74% das vítimas. A recuperação do DNA foi possível em 37,5% das amostras (45% provenientes de dentes imersos em água doce e 30% em água salgada). A análise em gel de poliacrilamida de 27 amostras (15 dentes e 12 de células da mucosa oral) provenientes de 12 participantes, que tiveram amplificação positiva no gel de agarose, possibilitou a identificação correta do sexo em 83,3% dos casos (10 indivíduos). Entretanto, foi visualizada a perda de alelos em amostras de dois participantes, prejudicando a determinação do sexo. No Powerplex® foi possível a obtenção de pelo menos uma região do DNA em todas as amostras, mesmo naquelas que tiveram amplificação negativa no gel de agarose. Desta forma, a exposição dos dentes à água interferiu diretamente na recuperação do DNA. A investigação do sexo pela amelogenina mostrou-se efetiva, mas como toda técnica necessita de uma interpretação criteriosa dos resultados. Além disso, o sistema multiplex permitiu a obtenção de resultados mais fidedignos em função do seu alto poder discriminativo. O presente estudo proporcionou a obtenção de conhecimentos técnicos e científicos sobre o emprego da biologia molecular na investigação do sexo, demonstrando que apesar de ser uma técnica extremamente sensível às condições ambientais e outros fatores, trata-se de um método eficiente nos processos de identificação humana. Entretanto, a análise de DNA, mesmo sendo uma poderosa ferramenta, não é condição sine qua non em estudos forenses, devendo ser considerada dentro de um conjunto de variadas evidências. / The resources used for human identification vary since physical anthropology until nucleic acid study. Recent examples as the Tsunami, in Thailand and the Katrina, in New Orleans strengthen the necessity of domain of DNA extraction techniques in the skeleton bodies identification process in advanced decomposition state that had been under watery environment influence. In this direction, the objective of this work was to know the casuistry of situations that involve drowning cases, through the registers of Nina Rodrigues Forensic Medicine Institute in Salvador city - Bahia, beyond, to verify the recovery potential of DNA in human teeth immersed in the water for 1 month. 40 teeth had been used, being the DNA extracted for the organic method and amplified by PCR using the amelogenin as initiator. The electrophoresis occurred initially in agarose gel and later in polyacrylamide gel. After that, 10 samples was select for amplification through the Powerplex® 16 System, being the electrophoresis carried in the automated sequence data. In the survey, was observed 346 deaths for drowning, the majority of these in the saline water (51,73%), predominating victims of the masculine sex (86,13%), with age between 18-35 years (37,94%). The surgeon-dentists had acted in the identification of 14,74% of the victims. The DNA recovery was possible in 37,5% of the samples (45% comimg teeth immersed in fresh water and 30% in saline water). The analysis in polyacrylamide gel of 27 samples (15 teeth and 12 of oral mucous cells) proceeding from 12 participants, who had positive amplification in the agarose gel, made possible the correct sex identification in 83,3% of the cases (10 individuals). However, the allelic loss in samples of two participants was visualized, harming the sex determination. In the Powerplex® it was possible obtaining at least one region of the DNA in all the samples, exactly in that they had negative amplification in the agarose gel. Of this form, the exposition of teeth to the water intervened directly with the DNA recuperation. The sex identification by amelogenin revealed effective, but as all technique needs one sensible interpretation of the results. Moreover, the multiplex system allowed the obtaining of trustworther results in function of your high discriminate power. The present study provided the obtaining of technician and scientific knowledge about use of molecular biology in the sex investigation, demonstrating that although to be one extremely sensible technique to the ambient conditions and other factors, is one efficient method in the human identification processes. However, the DNA analysis, exactly being one powerful tool, is not indispensable condition in forensic studies, having to be considered inside of one set of varied evidences.

Existem dificuldades envolvendo as radiografias para as técnicas comparativas de identificação humana. A falta de tecidos moles, o posicionamento do crânio e dos filmes representa obstáculos freqüentes durante as perícias antropológicas. Com objetivo de padronizar e obter imagens de qualidade e reduzir adaptações, testamos exposições, barreiras e outros aspectos radiográficos para a confecção de um protocolo envolvendo radiografias periapicais e panorâmica em crânios esqueletizados. Com a utilização de um dispositivo acrílico desenvolvido para posicionar o crânio, radiografias panorâmicas em diferentes configurações de potência do aparelho foram tomadas. Posteriormente, quatro objetos foram testados para compensar a falta de tecidos moles: uma bolsa térmica, um bloco de cera sete, uma placa de aço zincado e um filme, exposto à luz e processado, que foi mantido entre a película e a tela intensificadora. Para as radiografias periapicais, filmes do tipo E speed Kodak foram expostos por tempos variando entre 0,06 a 0,8 seg nas regiões de molares e incisivos em ambos os arcos. Os filmes foram fixados por posicionadores clínicos estabilizados por um suporte confeccionado com fios metálicos. O tempo de processamento foi de 45 seg de revelação e 10 min. de fixação. As radiografias foram apresentadas a quinze profissionais, de diferentes especialidades, que escolheram os melhores resultados, concluindo que as radiografias panorâmicas com a combinação de 63 Kv e 06 mA e com dois filmes presentes no chassi apresentou melhor qualidade e praticidade. Para as periapicais as exposições de 0,64 seg. no arco superior e 0,8 seg. no arco inferior obtiveram melhor aceitação. Com os resultados obtidos somados aos dados obtidos na literatura, um protocolo foi confeccionado e anexado a essa dissertação. / There are plenty of difficulties surrounding the radiographs for the comparative techniques on human identification. The lack of soft tissue, the skulls and films positioning are a few of the obstacles faced in anthropological studies. With the objectives to standardize, producing high quality images and reducing adaptations, different exposure times, barriers and other aspects involving radiographs were tested in order to establish a protocol involving periapical and panoramic radiographs of dry skulls. With the help of an acrylic stand, specially designed to position the cranium, panoramic radiographs were primarily taken using different preset configurations, then four materials were tested to compensate for lack of soft tissue: a ice pack, a block of dental wax, a metal plate and finally a film exposed to light and processed that was left between the blank film and the intensifying screen. For the periapical radiographs, Kodak E-speed films were exposed to times from 0.06 to 0.8 second at the upper and lower molars and anterior regions. Clinical film holders were used and kept in position by a metal wire device. The processing times were 45 seconds of development and 10 minutes of fixation. The radiographs were presented to a group of fifteen dentists, of several specialties, who selected the best results and concluding that the panoramic radiographs were best taken with the 63 Kv and 06 mA configurations and two films inside the cassette. For the periapical the exposure times of 0.64 sec for the upper arch and 0.8 sec for the lower achieved the best acceptance. The presented results, allied with the data found in the literature a protocol was also prepared and attached to this research.

Orientador: Eduardo Hebling / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T16:23:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_AndreiaCristinaBredade_M.pdf: 2592570 bytes, checksum: 3e2aefee4ccf5baaad436d20f9d7fa81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Resumo: A pigmentação rosada é uma alteração cromática dos dentes, que pode estar relacionada a mortes súbitas e violentas, resultante do extravasamento sanguineo a partir da polpa dentária, com penetração da hemoglobina ou seus subprodutos no interior dos túbulos dentinários. Fatores como a umidade, temperatura e a posição em que são encontrados os corpos são considerados como coadjuvantes no desenvolvimento do fenômeno. Neste trabalho foram utilizadas duas amostras com o objetivo de analisar as fases de formação desta alteração cromática, sendo uma amostra constituída de dentes decíduos naturalmente rosados e a outra de dentes decíduos cuja pigmentação rosada foi reproduzida experimentalmente. Após a indução da pigmentação rosada, através da injeção sanguínea a partir do ápice radicular, quando da observação da modificação cromática os elementos dentários foram submetidos em diferentes dias a uma análise histológica e outra espectrofotométrica. Os resultados obtidos através das duas análises permitiram-nos concluir que a hemoglobina íntegra é a responsável pela alteração de cor, os seus subprodutos não têm papel fundamental no desenvolvimento do fenômeno e que a sua degradação não acontece de forma única e é mais lenta do que previamente se pensava / Abstract: Pink pigmentation is a chromatic change of teeth that may be related to sudden and violent deaths. It is caused by blood flow out trom dental pulp, with the penetration of hemoglobin and its sub products into dentinal tubules. Factors such as temperature and the position of the bodies are considered to help the development of such situation. This research used two samples to analyze the phases of that chromatic change. One of the samples was a group of naturally pink deciduous teeth. The other group was deciduous teeth that the pink pigmentation was reproduced experimentally. After reproduction of pink pigmentation, these teeth were histological and spectrophotometric analyzed in different days. Therefore it was concluded that the hemoglobin is responsible for color change and its degradation happens slower that was earlier thought / Mestrado / Mestre em Odontologia Legal e Deontologia

Orientador: Eduardo Daruge Júnior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T06:12:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Delwing_Fabio_M.pdf: 1987964 bytes, checksum: 4ad3cc80c3766bfb9a12434aea4d168c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A determinação sexual é fundamental para se estabelecer a identificação de pessoas através de restos ósseos, e juntamente com a estatura, a idade e a ancestralidade, fornecem os parâmetros do perfil biológico dos indivíduos. A pelve, o crânio, e os ossos longos são os locais em que os dimorfismos mais se fazem presentes. Desta maneira, a necessidade de métodos confiáveis para se distinguir homens e mulheres baseados nesses conjuntos de ossos torna-se evidente. Objetivo: O presente estudo propôs uma análise antropológica de crânios brasileiros, do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, através de mensurações de pontos craniométricos na busca de determinismo sexual e seu valor pericial como critério adicional na identificação humana. Metodologia: Foram analisados 216 crânios humanos (113 masculinos e 103 femininos), com idade superior a 22 anos à data da morte, íntegros, sem sinais de traumatismos ou anomalias notórias. Foram realizadas um total de onze medidas lineares em cada crânio e foram submetidas a tratamento estatístico para avaliação de dimorfismo sexual. Resultados: Com a exceção das medidas largura nasal e násio-bregma, todas as demais mostraram diferenças estatísticas significantes entre os sexos. Dentre elas, a que se apresentou mais dimórfica foi a distância bizigomática. Foram propostas quatro funções discriminantes neste trabalho, alcançando uma probabilidade de acerto quanto ao sexo de 90% quando foram utilizadas as seguintes medidas: nasio-espinha nasal anterior, bizigomática e násio-ponto E. Conclusão: Através das medidas testadas e das funções propostas foi possível determinar o sexo dos indivíduos com um alto grau de confiabilidade / Abstract: The discrimination of sex is central to the process of establishing a personal identification from human skeletal remains and in conjunction with stature, age and ancestry provides parameters of biological profile of the deceased. The pelvis, skull, and assorted long bones, generally provide the most accurate sex allocations. The need for reliable methods distinguishing males from females based upon these skeletal elements is evident. Objective: The present study was an anthropological analysis of brazilians skulls, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, through measurements of craniometric points in search of sexual determinism and its value as an additional criterion in forensic human identification. Methodology: A total of 216 human skulls (113 male and 103 female), older than 22 years old at the time of death, undamaged and out of signs of trauma or noticeable abnormalities, were used in this study. A total of eleven linear variables were taken from the skulls and they were submitted to statistical tests to evaluate sexual dimorphism. Results: Except for the nasal width and nasion to bregma distance, all other measurements showed significant statistical differences between male and female. The best single parameter discrimination was the bizygomatic width. From these measures, were proposed four discriminant functions analysis. The best discrimination was achieved with the combination of three measurements: nasion to anterior nasal spine, bizygomatic width and nasion to point L, reaching an accuracy of 90% to determine sex of the sample. Conclusion: Using these measures and proposed functions was possible to determine sex of individuals with high degree of reliability / Mestrado / Odontologia Legal e Deontologia / Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental

Iris recognition is a validated and non-invasive human identification technology currently implemented for the purposes of surveillance and security (i.e. border control, schools, military). Similar to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), irises are a highly individualizing component of the human body. Based on a lack of genetic penetrance, irises are unique between an individual’s left and right iris and between identical twins, proving to be more individualizing than DNA. At this time, little to no research has been conducted on the use of postmortem iris scanning as a biometric measurement of identification. The purpose of this pilot study is to explore the use of iris recognition as a tool for postmortem identification. Objectives of the study include determining whether current iris recognition technology can locate and detect iris codes in postmortem globes, and if iris scans collected at different postmortem time intervals can be identified as the same iris initially enrolled. Data from 43 decedents involving 148 subsequent iris scans demonstrated a subsequent match rate of approximately 80%, supporting the theory that iris recognition technology is capable of detecting and identifying an individual’s iris code in a postmortem setting. A chi-square test of independence showed no significant difference between match outcomes and the globe scanned (left vs. right), and gender had no bearing on the match outcome. There was a significant relationship between iris color and match outcome, with blue/gray eyes yielding a lower match rate (59%) compared to brown (82%) or green/hazel eyes (88%), however, the sample size of blue/gray eyes in this study was not large enough to draw a meaningful conclusion. An isolated case involving an antemortem initial scan collected from an individual on life support yielded an accurate identification (match) with a subsequent scan captured at approximately 10 hours postmortem. Falsely rejected subsequent iris scans or "no match" results occurred in about 20% of scans; they were observed at each PMI range and varied from 19-30%. The false reject rate is too high to reliably establish non-identity when used alone and ideally would be significantly lower prior to implementation in a forensic setting; however, a "no match" could be confirmed using another method. Importantly, the data showed a false match rate or false accept rate (FAR) of zero, a result consistent with previous iris recognition studies in living individuals. The preliminary results of this pilot study demonstrate a plausible role for iris recognition in postmortem human identification. Implementation of a universal iris recognition database would benefit the medicolegal death investigation and forensic pathology communities, and has potential applications to other situations such as missing persons and human trafficking cases.

Forensic anthropologists normally examine bone from a variety of medicolegal contexts. The skeletal remains may in some cases be highly fragmented or taphonomically modified, making it difficult to sort bone from non-bone material. In these cases, the forensic anthropologist may rely on microscopic or destructive chemical analyses to sort the material. However, these techniques are costly and time-intensive, prompting the use of nondestructive analytical methods in distinguishing bone and teeth from non-bone materials in a limited number of cases. The proposed analytical techniques are limited in that they rely on an examination of the major elements in the material, and do not sort out all materials with a similar chemical composition to bone/teeth. To date, no methods have been proposed for the use of handheld Xray fluorescence (HHXRF) spectrometry in discriminating human and nonhuman bone/teeth from non-bone materials. The purpose of this research was to develop a method for the use of HHXRF spectrometry in forensic anthropology specifically related to distinguishing human and nonhuman bone and teeth from non-bone materials of a similar chemical composition using multivariate statistical analyses: principal components analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). This was accomplished in two phases. Phase 1 consisted of a Reliability Test and involved sampling a single human long bone in thirty locations. Multiple spectra were collected at each location to examine the reliability of the instrument in detecting the elements both within a single site and between multiple sites. The results of the Reliability Test indicated that HHXRF consistently detected the major and minor elements found on the surface of a human bone. iv These results were used for Phase 2, designated the Accuracy Test, which involved analyzing a set of materials compiled from the literature to test the accuracy of the technique in discriminating bone (human and nonhuman) and non-bone samples (other biological and nonbiological). The results of the Accuracy Test indicate that osseous and dental tissue can be distinguished from non-bone material of similar chemical composition with a high degree of accuracy (94%) when data is collected from several locations on a sample and analyzed separately during multivariate statistical analyses. Overall, it was not possible to discriminate rock apatite and synthetic hydroxyapatite (synthetic bone) from bone. However, this technique successfully discriminated other non-bone materials that are chemically similar to bone, such as ivory and octocoral, which previous methods focusing on only a comparison of Ca/P ratios were unable to distinguish from bone.

Yes / American celebrity aviator Amelia Earhart was lost over the Pacific Ocean during her press-making 1937 round-the-world flight. The iconic woman pilot remains a media interest nearly 80 years after her disappearance, with perennial claims of finds pinpointing her location. Though no sign of the celebrity pilot or her plane have been definitively identified, possible skeletal remains have been attributed to Earhart. The partial skeleton was recovered and investigated by British officials in 1940. Their investigation concluded that the remains were those of a stocky, middle-aged male. A private historic group re-evaluated the British analysis in 1998 as part of research to establish Gardner (Nikumaroro) Island as the crash site. The 1998 report discredited the British conclusions and used cranial analysis software (FORDISC) results to suggest that the skeleton was potentially a Northern European woman, and consistent with Amelia Earhart. A critical review of both investigations and contextual evidence shows that the original British osteological analyses were made by experienced, reliable professionals, while the cranial analysis is unreliable given the available data. Without access to the missing original bones, it is impossible to be definitive, but on balance, the most robust scientific analysis and conclusions are those of the original British finding indicating that the Nikumaroro bones belonged to a robust, middle-aged man, not Amelia Earhart.

The purpose of this research is to examine the reliability of posteroanterior (PA) left knee radiographs for positive identification using comparative radiography. PA radiographs of the knee were selected for their clinical significance in diagnosing knee osteoarthritis (OA), the most common skeletal pathology today, and their likely appearance in the antemortem record of a medicolegal death investigation. Therefore, this research examines the reliability of using a clinically relevant type of radiograph, PA left knee radiographs, for positive identification. All radiographs used in this research were downloaded from the Osteoarthritis Imitative (OAI), a public database, and compiled into a virtual survey which asked participants to identify matches between radiographs collected at various time periods throughout the OAI study. Images were collected from the 12, 48, 72, and 96-month collection periods of the OAI for 89 individuals and divided into three series. Each of the three series has different amounts of time between image acquisition, with three years (Series 1), five years (Series 2), and seven years (Series3), and were created by comparing images from the 12-month collection period to images from 48, 72, and 96-month collection period, respectively. Radiographs were edited into single side-by-side images for ease of comparison and were included in a Qualtrics XM survey that was distributed to those with and without comparative radiography experience. A total of 66 participants were asked to answer several demographic questions as well as nine radiographic comparisons questions. Each of the radiographic comparisons, comprised of OAI images of living individuals, asked if a specified antemortem “A” image and was a match or no match to a series of “postmortem” images. Accuracies, sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV) were calculated for the survey respondents (n=66), series, and respondent demographics. The overall results (accuracy=94.2%, sensitivity=54.7%, specificity=97.5%, PPV=65.6%, and NPV=96.2%) indicated that respondents performed only moderately well in matching correct radiographs. However, the performance of the participants in the overall survey and in all three series was statistically significantly lower (α<0.05) for those with no comparative radiography experience and those with little-to-no forensic casework experience. The performance of all participants became progressively lower with each series, with Series 1 demonstrating the best performance and Series 3 demonstrating the worst performance among participants. Decreasing levels of performance suggests that bony changes associated with OA and the osseous and radiographic features used in making matches (e.g., morphology of the femur and tibia, joint space width) preclude radiographic matching of the knee over around three years between antemortem and postmortem image acquisitions. Therefore, the results of this research demonstrate that radiographic comparison using OA left PA knee radiographs is not recommended after more than five years between antemortem and postmortem images, due to the degraded performance of trained survey respondents. / 2024-05-02T00:00:00Z

No description available.

Esta tese é composta por três capítulos. O primeiro capítulo teve por objetivo analisar quais as técnicas de reconstrução nasal mais consistentes em contexto forense através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. No total, existem 15 métodos de reconstrução nasal descritos na literatura. Para localizar a ponta do nariz e estimar a projeção nasal em indivíduos brasileiros, o método que se demonstrou, em meta-análise, o mais apropriado foi o que considera que o ângulo (ponto Pronasale) formado pelas retas que partem dos pontos Rhinion e Prosthion possui valor aproximado de 90º. O capítulo II teve como propósito testar, mediante análise de imagens tomográficas, o método desenvolvido em indivíduos brasileiros para estimar a localização da ponta do nariz em casos de reconstrução facial forense. De acordo com a técnica, o ângulo (ponta do nariz) formado pela união de retas traçadas a partir dos pontos Rhinion e Prosthion corresponde a 90º. O programa Horos® foi utilizado para analisar as imagens dos exames de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico. Os critérios de seleção da amostra foram semelhantes aos utilizados no trabalho que propõe o método, assim como as análises realizadas. Os resultados mostraram que o ângulo de interesse correspondeu em média a 96.5º. Esta diferença resultou em uma inacurácia de aproximadamente 3 mm da localização estimada da ponta do nariz em relação à sua localização real. Em termos práticos, esta diferença não impede o reconhecimento facial. O terceiro capítulo teve o propósito de testar o método proposto para estimar a largura nasal de indivíduos brasileiros em reconstrução facial forense, além de determinar parâmetros em tecido duro para estimar a largura nasal e verificar relações entre o tipo facial e a morfologia do perfil nasal. A amostra foi composta por 246 imagens de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (feminino: 183; masculino: 63). O programa Horos® foi utilizado. As análises em tecido duro foram realizadas na visualização de reconstrução multiplanar com projeção de máxima intensidade igual a zero, e a análise do perfil nasal foi realizada em tecido mole na ferramenta de visualização de superfícies. Os resultados mostram que o método proposto para estimar a largura nasal em brasileiros apresentou uma inacurácia de aproximadamente 1 mm, fato que não interfere no reconhecimento facial. Não houve relação de proporção direta entre a largura do nariz e a abertura piriforme, nem entre a largura do nariz e a distância intercanina, mesmo quando foram consideradas variáveis como sexo, idade e tipo facial. O biótipo facial longo apresentou relação moderada com o perfil nasal reto (r=0.037). / This thesis contains three chapters. The first chapter aimed to conduct a systematic review to analyze what are the most consistent techniques of nasal reconstruction in a forensic context. There are fifteen nasal reconstruction methods described in the literature. To predict the Pronasale point and the nasal projection, the method that considers that the confluence between the lines traced from Rhinion and from Prosthion is an angle (Pronasale point) with a value of 90º presented good results when meta-analysis was performed. The aim of the second chapter was to test, trough CT images, the method developed on a sample of Brazilian subjects to predict the Pronasale point in forensic facial reconstruction. According to this technique, the union of the Rhinion and the Prosthion lines creates an 90º angle (Pronasale point). The software Horos® was used in order to perform the analysis on the cone-beam tomography images. The inclusion criteria of the sample were the same used by the primary study as well as the performed analysis. The results showed a mean value of 96.5º from the projection Pronasale and Rhinion. This difference results in an inaccuracy of approximate 3 mm of the Pronasale point and it is not impeditive for facial recognition of a familiar face. The third chapter aimed to test the method proposed to predict nasal length in Brazilian subjects, to determine hard tissue parameters to predict nasal length and to observe if there was any relation between facial pattern and nasal profile. The sample was composed by 246 cone beam computed tomography (183 female, 63 male). The software Horos® was used. The hard tissue analysis were performed on 3D multiplanar reconstruction with maximum intensity projection equal to zero, and the 3D surface rendering was used to verify the nasal profile in soft tissue. The proposed method to predict nasal length presented an inaccuracy of approximate 1 mm and it certainly does not influence facial recognition of familiar faces. There was no relation between nor nasal length and piriform aperture nor nasal length and intercanine distance even when sex, age and facial type were considered. The long facial type showed moderate relation with strength nasal profile (r=0.037).