Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-05-25T16:27:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao Francisco L B Rangel Junior.pdf: 1765780 bytes, checksum: a906be6b539d23f74a15189dfdc7ab24 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-25T16:27:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao Francisco L B Rangel Junior.pdf: 1765780 bytes, checksum: a906be6b539d23f74a15189dfdc7ab24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-09 / The aim of this dissertation was to identify the relationship and importance of human capital with entrepreneurship and its resulting importance to the creation of wealth and promotion of local development. The research was developed in Lajes, a rural community located in the municipality of Caruaru, in the state of Pernambuco, whose economic activities are now predominantly urban. Theoretical frameworks on non-agricultural activities were considered, namely those of Schumpeter. An analysis of the sources of the economic development process was also taken into account in relation to the entrepreneurship behavior of the community and policies and strategies for local development were also considered. This way, the basic research problem was posed as the productive activity of a rural community which was mainly agricultural and became transformed, by the influence of technology and innovation, in an entrepreneurship community, producing petty commodity products for the urban market, mainly textile final products. This community differentiation led to the creation of wealth and contributed to the improvement of its well being and the promotion of local development without, reference made, the apparatus of state policies. / O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a relação e importância do capital humano associado ao empreendedorismo, a influência dessa relação na geração de riquezas e conseqüente desenvolvimento local. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em Lajes, comunidade localizada no Segundo Distrito municipal de Caruaru–PE, situado na zona rural do município, cujas atividades empreendedoras são predominantemente não-agrícolas. Foram consideradas abordagens teóricas sobre atividades não-agrícolas, como também enfoques do conhecimento e empreendedorismo, sobretudo em Schumpeter. Foi fomentada uma análise sobre desenvolvimento econômico através do comportamento empreendedor de uma comunidade e algumas reflexões sobre políticas públicas no aspecto do desenvolvimento local. Desta forma, o problema foi identificado através da observação da atividade produtiva de uma comunidade situada na zona rural, originalmente agrícola que passa a adotar através da aquisição de conhecimento e revelação da capacidade empreendedora, a identificação de oportunidade com uma atividade não-agrícola, qual seja a produção de confecções, e que assim consegue gerar riqueza e melhoria na qualidade de vida. Por fim, verificou-se que pode haver desenvolvimento local, inclusive com a ausência de políticas públicas.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago de Carvalho e Silva e Silva.pdf: 1398482 bytes, checksum: 0e559cd177a7dde9d06a45f6b8acb155 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-04 / Man has always searched answers to the fundamental questions of his existence, in attempt to satiate his innate curiosity, which, in the course of human history, has led to apprehension and accumulation of his knowledge. The man s inventive spirit stems from such curiosity and attempt to dominate the aspects of nature, which provided the evolution of techniques and professions until the moment that was allowed to speak about according to the considerable evolution - scientific and technological development. In this process, the participation of the private sector was crucial, with robust reversal of capital in favor of development, once the technology by itself became an important asset in the globalized scenario. Thus, the protection of professional inventors and innovators has become an urgent pressing against the potential investors of funds applied in the innovation process, balancing the relationship between capital and holder of knowledge (far beyond from the classical relationship capital/labor), through the intervention of the State in compliance of its primary obligation to encourage and promote Brazilian scientific and technological development, as the existing provision in the caput of Article 218 of the Brazilian Federal Constitution of October 5th, 1988 ("CF/88 ). In this perspective, arises the problem of effectiveness of the social right that belongs to man and to all men. The problem about the criterion used for the appropriation of human knowledge in the laws that regulate the matter related to the scientific and technological development in Brazil presents itself bruising, demanding that the relationship between the employer-creator and the employee receives such State interference through public policies to encourage technological innovation that aim the concretion of the social right to share the scientific and technological development provided in favor of the employees in §4th of article 218 of CF/88 / tentativa de saciar sua curiosidade inata, a qual, no transcorrer da história humana, levou-o à apreensão e acumulação do próprio conhecimento. O espírito inventivo do homem decorre desta curiosidade e da tentativa de dominar os aspectos da natureza, o que proporcionou a evolução das técnicas e dos ofícios até o momento em que se permitiu falar - dada a evolução considerável - em desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico. Neste processo, a participação da iniciativa privada foi determinante, com inversão robusta de capital em favor do desenvolvimento, vez que a própria tecnologia tornou-se um bem importante no cenário globalizado. Assim, tornou-se premente a necessidade de proteção dos profissionais inventores e inovadores face aos eventuais investidores de recursos aplicados no processo de inovação, equilibrando a relação entre o capital e o detentor do conhecimento (já muito além da clássica relação capital/trabalho), pela via da intervenção do Estado no cumprimento de sua obrigação primária de incentivar e promover o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico brasileiro, tal qual a previsão existente no caput do artigo 218 da Constituição Federal de 5 de outubro de 1988 ( CF/88). Nesta perspectiva, surge o problema da efetividade do direito social de partilhar do desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico que pertence ao Homem e a todos os homens. O problema sobre o critério utilizado para a apropriação do conhecimento humano nas legislações que regem a matéria atinente ao desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico no Brasil apresenta-se de forma contundente, a exigir que a relação entre o empregado-criador e o empregador receba a referida interferência do Estado através de políticas públicas de incentivo à inovação tecnológica que visem à concretização do direito social de partilhar do desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico previsto em favor dos empregados no §4º do artigo 218 da CF/88

<p>The inverse base-rate effect is the observation that on certain occasions people classify new objects as belonging to rare base-rate categories rather than common ones (e.g., D. L. Medin & S. M. Edelson, 1988). This finding is inconsistent with normative prescriptions of rationality, and provides an anomaly for current theories of human knowledge representation, such as the exemplar-based models of categorization, which predict a consistent use of base-rates (e.g., D. L. Medin & M. M. Schaffer, 1978). This thesis presents a novel explanation of the inverse base-rate effect. The proposal is that participants sometimes eliminate category options that are inconsistent with well-supported inference rules. These assumptions contrast with those by attentional theory (J. K. Kruschke, in press), according to which the inverse base-rate effect is the outcome of rapid attention shifts operating on cue-category associations. Study I, II, and III verified seven qualitative predictions derived from the eliminative inference idea. None of these phenomena can be explained by attentional theory. The most important of these findings were that elimination of well-known, common categories mediate the inverse base-rate effect rather than the strongest cue-category associations (Study I), that only participants with a rule-based mode of generalization exhibit the inverse base-rate effect (Study II), and that rapid attentional shifts per se do not accelerate learning, but rather decelerate it (Study III). In addition, Study I provided a quantitative implementation of the eliminative inference idea, ELMO, that demonstrated that this high-level reasoning process can produce the basic pattern of base-rate effects in the inverse base-rate design. Taken together, as an account of the inverse base-rate effect the empirical evidence of this thesis suggest that rule-based elimination is a powerful component of the inverse base-rate effect. But previous studies have indicated that attentional shifts affect the inverse base-rate effect, too. Therefore, a complete account of the inverse base-rate effect needs to integrate inductive and eliminative inferences operating on rule-based representations with attentional shifts. The Discussion of this thesis propose a number of suggestions for such integrative work. </p>

The inverse base-rate effect is the observation that on certain occasions people classify new objects as belonging to rare base-rate categories rather than common ones (e.g., D. L. Medin &amp; S. M. Edelson, 1988). This finding is inconsistent with normative prescriptions of rationality, and provides an anomaly for current theories of human knowledge representation, such as the exemplar-based models of categorization, which predict a consistent use of base-rates (e.g., D. L. Medin &amp; M. M. Schaffer, 1978). This thesis presents a novel explanation of the inverse base-rate effect. The proposal is that participants sometimes eliminate category options that are inconsistent with well-supported inference rules. These assumptions contrast with those by attentional theory (J. K. Kruschke, in press), according to which the inverse base-rate effect is the outcome of rapid attention shifts operating on cue-category associations. Study I, II, and III verified seven qualitative predictions derived from the eliminative inference idea. None of these phenomena can be explained by attentional theory. The most important of these findings were that elimination of well-known, common categories mediate the inverse base-rate effect rather than the strongest cue-category associations (Study I), that only participants with a rule-based mode of generalization exhibit the inverse base-rate effect (Study II), and that rapid attentional shifts per se do not accelerate learning, but rather decelerate it (Study III). In addition, Study I provided a quantitative implementation of the eliminative inference idea, ELMO, that demonstrated that this high-level reasoning process can produce the basic pattern of base-rate effects in the inverse base-rate design. Taken together, as an account of the inverse base-rate effect the empirical evidence of this thesis suggest that rule-based elimination is a powerful component of the inverse base-rate effect. But previous studies have indicated that attentional shifts affect the inverse base-rate effect, too. Therefore, a complete account of the inverse base-rate effect needs to integrate inductive and eliminative inferences operating on rule-based representations with attentional shifts. The Discussion of this thesis propose a number of suggestions for such integrative work.

Thesis (MPhil (Information Science))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / This thesis explores phenomena surrounding the creation of knowledge, employing a multidisciplinary approach. To start with a view on the physical location of knowledge is discussed. This helps highlight the problem of defining knowledge and simultaneously introduces a set of fundamental and conceptual questions about the phenomena surrounding the creation of knowledge . The set of questions are then focussed on the process of knowledge creation. The investigation starts in the field of archaeology, in particular at the dawn of modern civilisation, with views on the earliest forms of knowledge creation. From there the investigation moves on to aspects of contemporary neurology. This allows for a comparison between humans from the ancient past with humans of today thereby identifying a neurological link between these periods. Based on current research within the field of behavioural neurology it is posed that knowledge creation is a process initiated by the impact of electromagnetic fields on the brain. A review of the medical research within the neurological sciences on the effects of electromagnetic field stimulation shows it to be effective as a treatment modality, a behavioural modifier, a suppressor and facilitator of cognition, as well as a sensory modulator. The interaction of the brain with electromagnetic fields is shown as a form of transduction similar to that of regular sensory transduction. Since the transduction of electromagnetic stimuli can functionally modulate sensory reception, cognition, behaviour and some neurological conditions, the creation of sensory perception, cognition, behaviour and neurological conditions (all phenomena surrounding knowledge creation) can be shown as functionally dependant on the electro-chemical process of ferromagnetic transduction (magneto reception). The ferromagnetic transduction model may then be seen as the sensory mechanism that initiates and modulates the process of knowledge creation. The modulation of this process is revealed cognitively in savants, behaviourally in some of the greatest thinkers in history and on a planetary scale as a force of nature. The implications of these findings is that if the keys to the creation of knowledge have been found, great care needs to be taken when deciding to implement any type of artificial or natural modulation to neural firing rates not only because of the total effect modulation can have on the individual but also because of the social consequences resulting from those who wish to socially discriminate according to the ability of and beliefs arising from the knowledge creating process.