As more composers consciously incorporate the body into their musical works, so too should musical analyses probe these works through the lens of the body. Drawing upon Mauricio Kagel’s Repertoire from his opera Staatstheater (1970) and Marina Rosenfeld’s My Body (2019) for Rosenfeld herself and Yarn | Wire, this dissertation looks at the ways in which the body can be inextricably tied to music. In Chapter 1, I pursue a corporeal analysis of Repertoire from the perspective of disability studies. Oppressive aesthetic decrees, disability studies concepts, operas involving disabled characters, and freak shows are discussed and related to Kagel’s Repertoire. In the analysis of Rosenfeld’s My Body in Chapter 2, I examine the ways bodies sensually interact with other living and nonliving bodies through touch. By taxonomizing touch between human and dubplate as well as human and human, I show how My Body uses connection to collapse the boundaries between subject and object identifiers. In neither example can music exist in a vacuum; I demonstrate that the sound must either be seen or felt in order to be fully appreciated. Both works summon the use of the sixth sense, proprioception, in their total body approach to music-making and musical appreciation.

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In the United States pedestrian fatalities in vehicle impacts have increased over the last 40 years and pedestrians who use wheelchairs (seated pedestrians) have higher mortality rates than standing pedestrians in vehicle impacts. Standing pedestrian protection has generated increased attention and regulatory action but seated pedestrian protection has not been investigated or regulated. To investigate standing pedestrian safety researchers use finite element models of the human body and simulate vehicle impacts. Finite element models can be useful but they are limited by their biofidelity, and often simplify the complex anatomy of the human body for the sake of computational expense. If modeling results are to be taken seriously to investigate standing and seated pedestrian protection, then further model development and validation is necessary. In this dissertation a finite element model of a male 50th percentile standing pedestrian was enhanced and validated for use in vehicle impact simulations. The standing pedestrian model lower body was further enhanced and validated to study the importance of stabilizing components of the knee. These updates to the standing pedestrian knee joint were imported into an occupant model and further validated in occupant loading scenarios. The updated standing pedestrian was used to explore the effect of modeling component failure on vehicle impact. Simplified and detailed occupant models were used to model seated pedestrians in vehicle impacts to explore seated pedestrian injury risks. The seated pedestrian head and brain typically reported the highest risks of injury, usually because of head-ground contact. A lap belt, airbag vest, and bicycle helmet were tested on the seated pedestrians. The lap belt and airbag vest typically increased injury risks and the bicycle helmet reduced injury risks. The work presented in this dissertation may inform future modelers, vehicle designers, and safety equipment developers on standing and seated pedestrian safety. / Doctor of Philosophy / In the United States pedestrian fatalities in vehicle impacts have increased over the last 40 years and pedestrians who use wheelchairs (seated pedestrians) have higher death rates than standing pedestrians in vehicle impacts. Research studies have examined how to protect standing pedestrians, but not seated pedestrians. The goal of this work was to begin investigating seated pedestrian safety. To investigate standing pedestrian safety researchers use computer models (finite element models) of the human body and simulate vehicle impacts. These finite element models can be useful but they are limited by how life like they are. If modeling results are to be taken seriously to investigate standing and seated pedestrian protection, then further model improvement is necessary. In this dissertation a finite element model of an average North American male standing pedestrian was improved for use in vehicle impact simulations. The standing pedestrian model lower body was further improved to study the importance of stabilizing components of the knee. These updates to the standing pedestrian knee joint were imported into a seated model with the same anatomy. Simplified and detailed seated models were used to model seated pedestrians in vehicle impacts to explore seated pedestrian injury risks. The seated pedestrian head and brain typically reported the highest risks of injury, usually because of head-ground contact. A lap belt, airbag vest, and bicycle helmet were tested on the seated pedestrians. The lap belt and airbag vest typically increased injury risks and the bicycle helmet reduced injury risks. The work presented in this dissertation may inform future modelers, vehicle designers, and safety equipment developers on standing and seated pedestrian safety.

Genius loci has been described as "the spirit of place". The main interest in considering an urban monastery program is to create a place that embodies the spirit and culture of Tibetan Buddhism in the context of urban Washington, D.C. Given Tibet's unique culture that has developed over centuries without much Western influence, and it recent history of Chinese rule, religious persecution and infiltration of its language, culture and environment, the challenge of this program is to represent the traditions of Tibetan Buddhism in a modern language of architecture. / Master of Architecture

Wearable and mobile devices are an important part of our daily life. Most of those devices are powered by batteries. The limited life span of batteries constitutes a limitation, especially in a multiple-day expedition, where electrical power can not access conveniently. At the same time, there is a huge amount of energy stored in the human body. While walking, there is a large amount of power dissipated in the human body as negative muscle work and the energy loss by impact. By sourcing locally and using locally, human body energy harvesting is a promising solution. This dissertation focuses on harvesting energy from the human body to power wearable and mobile devices while poses a minimum burden on the human body. Three topics related to the human body energy harvesting are explored, i.e, energy harvesting backpack, negative muscle work harvester, and energy harvesting tile/paver. The energy harvesting backpack was invented in 2006. Extensive work was done to improve the performance of backpack energy harvester. The backpack is modeled as a spring-mass-damper system. Mechanical Motion Rectifier was added to the spring-mass-damper system to increase the frequency bandwidth. A spring is added to the spring-mass-damper system, between the harvester and the backpack mass, and a inerter-based 2DOF (degree-of-freedom) backpack is created. The inerter-based 2DOF backpack improves the power output, frequency bandwidth, and power stroke ratio performance. MMR was added to the inerter-based 2DOF backpack to reduce the peak stroke. Compared with the conventional spring-mass-damper backpack, the MMR and inerter-based 2DOF backpack can harvest more power with large bandwidth at a small sacrifice of stroke. The electric damping was also tuned to increase the power output and bandwidth for the energy harvesting backpack. The negative work harvester mounts on the human ankle and harvests energy in the terminal stance phase in human walking, when the calf muscle is doing negative muscle work. This harvester is an analogy to regenerative brake in vehicles. The energy harvesting paver/tile harvests energy when the heel contacts with ground and energy are dissipated by impact. / Doctor of Philosophy / Wearable and mobile devices are an important part of our daily life. Most of those devices are powered by batteries. The limited life span of batteries constitutes a limitation, especially in a multiple-day expedition, where electrical power can not access conveniently. At the same time, there is a huge amount of energy stored in the human body. While walking, there is a large amount of power dissipated in the human body as negative muscle work and the energy loss by impact. By sourcing locally and using locally, human body energy harvesting is a promising solution. This dissertation focuses on harvesting energy from the human body to power wearable and mobile devices while poses a minimum burden on the human body. Three topics related to the human body energy harvesting are explored, i.e, energy harvesting backpack, negative muscle work harvester, and energy harvesting tile/paver. The energy harvesting backpack was invented in 2006. Extensive work was done to improve the performance of backpack energy harvester. The backpack is modeled as a spring-mass-damper system. Extensive work have been done to make the energy harvesting backpack broad frequency bandwidth. The negative work harvester mounts on the human ankle and harvests energy in the terminal stance phase in human walking. This harvester is an analogy to regenerative brake in vehicles. The energy harvesting paver/tile harvests energy when the heel contacts with ground and energy are dissipated by impact.

Over the last few decades, the susceptibility of integrated circuits to electrostatic discharge (ESD) induced damages has justified the use of dedicated on-chip protection circuits. Design of robust protection circuits remains a challenging task because ESD failure mechanisms have become more acute as device dimensions continue to shrink. A lack of understanding of the ESD phenomena coupled with the increased sensitivity of smaller devices and time-to-market demands has led to a trial-and-error approach to ESD-protected circuit design. Improved analysis capabilities and a systematic design approach are essential to accomplish the challenging task of providing adequate protection to core circuit(s). The design of ESD protection circuitry for RFIC's has been relatively slow to evolve, compared to their digital counterparts, and is now emerging as a new design challenge in RF and high-speed mixed-signal IC development. Sub-circuits which are not embedded in a single System-on-Chip (SOC), such as RF Power amplifiers (PAs), are of particular concern as they are more susceptible to the various ESD events. This thesis presents the development of integrated ESD protection circuitry for two RFIC Power Amplifier designs. A prototype PA for 2.4 GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications was redesigned to provide protection to the RF input and the PA Control pins. A relatively new technique known as the L-C tank approach was used to protect the RFinput while a standard diode ring approach was used to protect the control line. The protection techniques studied were subsequently extended to a completely protected three-stage PA targeting 1.9 GHz Digitally Enhanced Cordless Telephone (DECT) applications. An on-chip shunt-L-series-C input matching network was used to provide ESD protection to the input pin of the DECT PA. A much more area efficient (as compared to the diode ring technique) Zener diode approach was used to protect the control and signal lines. The PA's RF performance was virtually unaffected by the addition of the protection circuits. Both PAs were designed in a commercially available 0.5 ìm SiGe-HBT process. The partially protected WLAN PA was fabricated and packaged in a 3mm x 3mm Fine Pitch Quad Flat Package FQFP-N 12 Lead package and had a measured ESD protection rating of ± 1kV standard Human Body Model (HBM) ESD test. The simulated DECT PA demonstrated +1.5kV/-4kV HBM performance. / Master of Science