CHARLES UNIVERSITY PHARMACEUTICAL FACULTY IN HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY AND ECOLOGY Title of the Diploma thesis: ELLAGITANNINS - OCCURENCE, METABOLISM AND EFFECTS ON HUMAN BODY Candidate: Bc. Karin Raabová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Diploma thesis 2016/2017, pp. 77 Ellagitannins belongs to a class of hydrolysable tannins, which are susceptible to hydrolysis to give ellagic acid in the digestive tract. Ellagitannins occur in many plant families, for example plants in the family Rosaceae, Myrtaceae or Lythraceae. There are naturally found in some fruits (pomegranate, strawberries, blackberries, raspberries, grapes), but also in the seeds of walnuts and thus form a diverse group of bioactive polyphenols with anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Special instrumental methods (HPLC, DAD, MS) are most often used for subsequent evidence of occurrence of these compounds in plants and their identification. This diploma thesis is a literature review, which aimed at processing the available knowledge about the ellagitannins. Attention was focused on the biological activity demonstrated in an animal or human organism. Keywords: ellagitannins, occurrence, metabolism, effects, human body

M.A. (Clinical Psychology) / This study explores the Western ideal of the thin body as experienced by Black female students. This research was motivated by the limited number of empirical studies that employ a qualitative method to investigate Black South African females’ perception of the thin ideal, or what they perceive an ideal body to be. Three Black female students were recruited from the University of Johannesburg’s campus, to participate in the interviews. On campus, interaction is encouraged through an initiation process where everyone is invited to take part, and where diversity is celebrated. This setting was appropriate because the students found themselves in a socio-cultural flux between traditional values and values instilled by modern western society. Data collection and the analysis were guided by a phenomenological research design, namely, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) because it explores the participants’ experience of the Western thin ideal from their perspective, and acknowledges the researcher’s enmeshed interpretation of the participants’ worldview. The study resulted in the identification of four master themes: 1) Physical presentation, 2) The environments influence on my body image, 3) Sense of worth, and 4) Admiration versus animosity, which were discussed in relation to relevant literature. In the concluding chapter, the key strengths and limitations of this study are reviewed, and the implications of the findings for further investigation are discussed...

Yesinia pestis est l'agent de la peste, maladie infectieuse spontanément mortelle, et une bactérie classée parmi les agents de bioterrorisme de groupe A [http://www.bt.cd.gov/agent/plague]. Les cas sporadiques ont été rapportés dans plusieurs pays d'Asie, d'Afrique, et d'Amérique et la peste reste endémique en Afrique (République Démocratique du Congo; Madagascar) qui déclare le plus grand nombre de cas annuels. La majorité de cas de peste chez les humains et les animaux sauvages se manifeste dans les régions délimitées géographiquement et appelées communément les foyers de la peste. Les mécanismes de la résistance de la peste dans le sol des foyers reste de nos jours un sujet de recherche alors que la peste est maintenant considérée comme une maladie re-émergente. Au cours de notre travail, nous avons développé un outil pour l'identification de Y. pestis par spectrométrie de masse MALDI-TOF MS. Cette méthode s'est avérée très simple et efficace pour l'identification au niveau des espèces, et constitue une méthode de première ligne d'identification. Nous avons ensuite montré que Y. pestis survivait et maintenait sa virulence pendant au moins neuf mois dans le sol stérilisé par la vapeur et humidifié, dépourvu d'éléments nutritifs ajoutés et d'invertébrés du sol. Afin de contribuer à l'étude de l'épidémiologie de la peste, nous avons démontré que seul le biovar Oriantalis est transmis dans un modèle animal par les poux d'homme (Pediculus humanus), les biovars Antiqua et Medievalis de Y. pestis n'étant pas transmissibles par les poux de corps. Le mécanisme impliqué dans la transmission de la peste par les poux de corps reste inconnu, ce qui voudrait dire que le mécanisme de l'adaptation de Y. pestis Orientalis à des nouveaux vecteurs qui sont corrélés aux circonstances de l'épidémie mortelle provoquée par la peste bubonique, reste aussi inconnu. Au cours d'un dernier travail, nous avons étudié des nouveaux composés pour la prophylaxie de la peste. Notamment, nous avons évalué le potentiel du lovastatine dans la prévention de la mortalité pendant la peste. Il a été démontré sur un modèle d'expérimentation avec les souris que la lovastatine réduisait considérablement le taux de mortalité associée à la peste. Toutes les données que nous avons rapportées dans ce rapport de thèse sont destinées à mieux comprendre le cycle épidémiologique de la peste. / Yersinia pestis is the agent of deadly plague and a bacterium listed in the group A of potential bioterrorism agents [http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/plague/]. Sporadic cases are reported in several countries in Asia, Africa and America. Majority of human plague cases and enzootic animals occur in the geographical areas of so-called plague foci. The mechanisms sustaining geographical foci of plague remain poorly understood and plague been classified as a currently re-emerging disease. As first step, we established new front line tool for Y. pestis identification by using MALDI-TOF MS. This method was demonstrated to be simple and effective for Y. pestis identification at species level. Second step, we demonstrated that Y. pestis survived fully virulent for at least 9 months in a steam sterilized, humidified soil devoid of any nutritional supplements or any soil invertebrates. In third step we successfully demonstrated that the human louse (Pediculus humanus) as vector of plague and the body lice transmission of plague was restricted to Orientalis biovar; Antiqua and Medievalis biovars of Y. pestis were not able to transmit by body lice. This result shows that a un- explained mechanism is involved in the body lice transmission of plague and Y. pestis Orientalis adaptation to newly described vectors which effectively correlates the mass death caused by bubonic plague in Black Death individuals. Finally we conclude our study by exploring new compounds for the plague prophylaxis. The potential role of lovastatin in the prevention of mortality during plague was assessed. Lovastatin could significantly reduce the mortality associated with plague in an experimental mouse model. All These data herein we reported in our study may help to better understanding the epidemiology of plague.

This thesis explores the meaning and experience of the bodily states associated with the condition referred to as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME). It uses as a theoretical point of departure an understanding of the body as a socially constructed phenomenon and, in so dOing, offers an interpretation of illness that is seen to differ markedly from those offered by the medical and behavioural sciences. Using descriptive narrative research analysis, the thesis attempts to elicit personal trajectories of illness experience. In contrast to biomedical and social trajectories of illness, in which the interpretation and meaning given to the condition are imposed externally, personal trajectories are seen to provide unique subjective accounts of illness experience. And the value of using narrative accounts of illness is seen to lie in their ability to bring to light these individualised versions of illness experience. It is shown, in addition, that these narrative accounts of illness are also valuable in exposing the culturally shared knowledge that is employed in the process of assigning meaning to illness experiences. The aim of the thesis, then, in employing the descriptive narrative research method is to describe these shared cultural schemas. It is suggested that this approach leads to an interpretation of illness experience which sheds light on important links between the body, self and society. It is argued, more specifically, that Western capitalist society is associated with the creation of an "unnatural" environment and social context which is perceived to be inherently damaging and threatening to the well·being of those living in it; and that this assumption is pivotal to the interpretation of the illness experiences narrated and analysed for the thesis. This sociological reading of embodiment provides a basis for understanding the experience of illness, as not one simply embedded in the body or mind of the individual, but as one laden with personal meaning assimilated from, and hence revealing of, the social context in which the illness is experienced. As such, an attempt is made to provide an account of illness experience distinct from the dominant biomedical and behavioural accounts of ME.

Les virus sont les entités biologiques les plus abondantes et diversifiées sur Terre et leur diversité est encore très peu connue. Récemment, la métagénomique virale a facilité l'exploration de cette diversité. Néanmoins, la plupart des viromes environnementaux générés à ce jour proviennent de régions tempérées et la plupart des viromes humains proviennent d’échantillons de selles, sang ou de prélèvements oro-naso-pharyngés. L'objectif de mon travail de thèse était d’apporter de nouvelles connaissances sur les communautés virales d’environnements et d’échantillons humains les moins étudiés en utilisant une approche de métagénomique virale.La première partie de cette thèse est une revue des principaux outils d'analyse des métagénomes viraux. La deuxième partie présente la première étude de métagénomique virale dans le désert du Sahara. Dans la troisième partie de ma thèse, je présente de viromes associés a l'Homme: i) le premier métagénome viral issu d'un coprolithe humain du Moyen Âge; ii) la première étude de métagénomique virale sur de liquides péricardiques provenant de patients atteints d’une péricardite infectieuse d'origine inconnue; iii) une analyse fonctionnelle de métagénomes viraux précédemment publiés associés aux expectorations de patients atteints de mucoviscidose qui décrit les gènes de résistance aux antibiotiques portés par les bactériophages dans ces patients.Ce travail présente ainsi des données inédites sur certaines communautés virales peu étudiées et confirme le potentiel de la métagénomique virale pour étudier la diversité virale, révéler la présence de virus inattendus ou inconnus et comprendre leur rôle dans leur écosystème d’origine. / Viruses are the most abundant and diverse organisms but little is known about their diversity. Recently, viral metagenomics has allowed performing broad unselective exploration of uncultivated viral communities, bypassing the limits of classical viral detection tools. However, most viral metagenomes are generated from temperate regions (for environmental studies) or from modern stool samples, sera/blood and naso-/oro- pharyngeal samples (for human-associated studies). Therefore, the purpose of my thesis is to study viral communities in the least investigated environments or human samples, using viral metagenomics.The first part of my thesis is a review of the main computational tools for the analysis of viral metagenomes. The second part of my thesis presents the first viromes generated from the Sahara desert. In the third part, I investigate human-associated viral communities: i) the first virome from a human coprolite; ii) the first viromes generated from human pericardial fluids, in idiopathic pericarditis cases; ii) a functional-level investigation of previously described viral metagenomes from cystic fibrosis patient sputa that focuses on antimicrobial resistance genes carried by bacteriophages to better understand the emergence of multidrug-resistance bacteria in the airways of cystic fibrosis patients.This thesis work provides original data on unexplored viral communities and shows the potential of viral metagenomics to give insights on viral diversity, reveal the presence of expected and unexpected viruses and decipher their role in the ecosystem.

Orientador: Heloisa Turini Bruhns / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-24T08:22:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosa_MariaCristina_M.pdf: 15798229 bytes, checksum: 3d828ee397bf4fddc333894af704d64e (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998 / Resumo: Este estudo aborda as inter-relações de turistas e moradores, na cidade de Ouro Preto, MG, durante os Carnavais dos anos de 1997 e 1998. As manifestações corporais expressas através da dança, da marcha, etc., em diferentes momentos da organização, da preparação e do desfile foram os principais mediadores desta pesquisa, tendo como foco central de análise dois blocos, o Caixão e a Bandalheira. As observações e entrevistas tiveram como referência vozes e ações dos participantes e espectadores, agentes da dinâmica da festa. Buscou-se compreender essas inter-relações a partir das motivações e dos interesses, da organização da festa, das relações entre culturas, da inovação e da tradição, da compreensão dos blocos/corpos e do corpo consumidor. O estudo indica que, na festa turística, ocorrem vínculos estabelecidos com as pessoas, com a cidade e com a festa, resignificados mutuamente, permeados de elementos da dimensão comunitária e pelos significados de tradição, associados ao cenário histórico de patrimônio cultural / Abstract: This present work is due to study the interaction existing among tourists and residents during the 1997 and 1998 Carnival parties in the historical city of Ouro Preto. The body features shown through different study of dancing and crowded parades along with the various steps of organization preparation and the show itself set up the main supports for this present research where two irreverent and extrovert groups named "Caixão" and "Bandalheira" appeared as a top concern. Reports and interviews have ali been based on voices and behavior coming from both participants and expectators. This research has focused a better understanding of that terific and spontaneous interrelation based on such different approaches as motivation, excitement, making off, cultural envolviment, inovation mixed with tradition and the group versus the bOdy, where the expectators, as an extension of those groups, become their consumers. This study is also intended to point out the deep and creative linkings generated and developed among the citizens, the town itself and the Festival. Everything involves mutual commitment carried out with a positive community interaction. This hilarious atmosphere turns to be much more attractive due to the magnificent scenario of Ouro Preto, which is recognized as a world Cultural Monument / Mestrado / Estudos do Lazer / Mestre em Educação Física

Orientador: Luise Weiss / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T17:04:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nasser_LuizaArantes_M.pdf: 19357463 bytes, checksum: 249cd3d93a711a14efe6029de4f9b6bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Camadas é uma pesquisa em Poéticas Visuais, que parte da figura da armadura medieval e do imaginário em que esta se insere, para realizar por meio do desenho, uma investigação aprofundada do que me inquieta como artista. Os trabalhos gráficos propõem reflexões acerca de questões como o corpo, a natureza humana, o ato e o cotidiano de vestir-se, distâncias entre épocas, ancestralidades, proteção, gênero, memória... através de paralelos traçados entre a armadura, o corpo e a roupa comum dos nossos dias. Eles também buscam esmiuçar as camadas que compõem as armaduras internamente, assim como focar e reforçar a impressão de autonomia de cada peça de veste quanto à sua existência por si só, e também, enquanto presença. A pesquisa se estruturou em processos práticos paralelos e contínuos, cada qual com sua contribuição para a formação do todo do trabalho. Por isso, vejo-os como pontos cardeais, assim delineados em: carimbos, monotipias, matriz e tecidos. O conjunto de imagens formado é a tentativa de materializar e transpor as inquietações em foco; como reflito e levo adiante algo tão universal e histórico, como armaduras e roupas, naquilo que me tocam. E de ver qual seria o alcance disso que tanto me move, se há possibilidades de reverberações, ecos e conversas / Abstract: Camadas (Layers) is a research in Visual Poetics. It has the medieval armor and the imaginary that surrounds it as a starting point to further investigate through drawing what makes me disquiet as an artist. These graphic works intend to reflect upon themes as the body, the human nature, the act and routine of getting dressed, distance between epochs, ancestralities, protection, gender, memory¿ through the relations traced between the armor, the body and the clothes of our days. They also intend to detail the internal armor layers as well as to focus and highlight the impression of autonomy of each piece of clothing in terms of its existence on its own as well as a presence. The research was structured in practical parallel continuous processes, each on with its contribution to the whole. Thus, I conceive them as cardinal points, consisting in: stamps, monotypes, original, and fabrics. The resulting collection of images is an attempt to materialize and translate the uncanniness in focus; the way I reflect upon something so universal and historic, as armor and clothes, and how they touch me. It is also an attempt to share my work and let it open to possible dialogues / Mestrado / Artes Visuais / Mestra em Artes Visuais

Orientador: Anna Paula Silva Gouveia / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T23:28:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Miyashiro_RafaelTadashi_D.pdf: 2931738 bytes, checksum: e3600bb7be202d7c6d4a8301da385c5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Esta é uma pesquisa sobre os gestos na escrita no design gráfico. Esses gestos se manifestam na forma de caligrafia, letreiramento e design de tipos. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, se inspira tanto na fenomenologia quanto na complexidade, na sua forma de abordar o corpo, e portanto o gesto. O gesto é visto como um intervalo de espaço-tempo, cujas fronteiras são a intenção e a intenção materializada, aonde o corpo é protagonista. Assim, a pesquisa buscou cobrir elementos que estão envolvidos nesse intervalo: a escrita, a imaginação, o aprendizado (que inclui tanto uma parte teórica quanto uma prática, com a elaboração de workshops e uma disciplina de graduação) e o gesto como consequência do ser no mundo. Nas considerações finais retoma-se o que foi discutido ao longo da tese, reforçando que os gestos podem ser vistos como algo mais que o movimento físico do corpo. Nesse sentido, considera-se a importância da compreensão do corpo, e sua relação com o mundo, para que os gestos da escrita sejam desenvolvidos em seu potencial pleno / Abstract: This is a research about gestures of writing in graphic design. These gestures present themselves as calligraphy, lettering and type design. The body ¿ and the gesture ¿ approach is inspired by phenomenology and complexity theory. Gesture is seen as a space-time interval, and the body is its protagonist. Therefore, this research involves the elements of this interval: writing, imagination, knowledge (through theory and the practice experience based on workshops and undergraduate course) and gesture as expression of the being in the world. At the conclusion, all these elements are resumed, reinforcing that gestures may be seen as something more than its physical expression and it is important to understand and recognize the body as a whole, and its relationship to the world, so gestures of writing can be developed in its full potencial / Doutorado / Artes Visuais / Doutor em Artes Visuais

Orientador: Olga Rodrigues de Moraes Von Simson / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T05:51:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alvares_LeticiaCastilho_M.pdf: 3140304 bytes, checksum: 76aceace8ec42654157f79305b3c01e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa investigou experiências de práticas corporais e usos do corpo em narrativas construídas por velhos. Estas experiências, narradas pelos sujeitos idosos, compreenderam não somente aquelas vividas na fase de vida atual de velhice, mas também aquelas vivenciadas na infância, juventude e idade adulta. As narrativas foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas realizadas com quatro sujeitos idosos, participantes de um projeto de extensão universitária, denominado "Projeto Educação Física para Terceira Idade", o qual está vinculado à Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, na Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, em seu Departamento de Educação Física. A metodologia utilizada nesta pesquisa foi a História Oral, também denominada por Método Biográfico, a qual guiou todas as etapas do processo investigativo. Dentro da metodologia da História Oral, fez-se uso da técnica de coleta de depoimentos orais, uma vez que o idoso entrevistado foi convidado a narrar sobre sua história de vida relacionada, especialmente, aos temas de interesse desta pesquisa. Por meio de um roteiro de temas a serem abordados nas entrevistas com os idosos, foram investigadas não somente as práticas corporais que foram experienciadas por esses sujeitos ao longo de suas vidas ¿ como, por exemplo, jogos, brincadeiras, esportes, danças, lutas, capoeira, ginásticas, etc. ¿ mas investigaram-se também experiências relacionadas a dimensões das vidas desses sujeitos entrevistados, como trabalho e aposentadoria, educação formal, educação informal, educação não formal, lazer, cidades em que residiu, práticas de cuidado e saúde, descendência familiar e espiritualidade. Pôde-se perceber que os dados empíricos, obtidos nesta pesquisa, foram concordes com os preceitos teóricos de autores que tematizam o corpo e as práticas corporais, compreendendo-os como produtos de construção de caráter sociocultural. Ter abordado nas entrevistas com os idosos estas dimensões citadas acima, para além de ter simplesmente perguntado sobre as práticas corporais que foram vivenciadas por eles ao longo de suas vidas até o presente momento de velhice, possibilitou o reconhecimento da importância do contexto sociocultural no processo de construção do corpo e das experiências de práticas corporais realizadas pelos sujeitos / Abstract: This research investigated the experiences of bodily practices and uses of the body in narratives constructed by old people. These experiences, narrated by elderly individuals, involved not only those experienced in the current phase of life of old age, but also those experienced in childhood, youth and adulthood. The narratives were collected through interviews with four elderly individuals that participate in a university extension project, called Projeto Educação Física para Terceira Idade [Project Physical Education for Third Age], which is linked to the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais [Federal University of Minas Gerais], at Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional [School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy], in its Departamento de Educação Física [Department of Physical Education]. The methodology used in this research was the Oral History, also called as Biographical Method, which guided all stages of the investigative process. Within the methodology of Oral History, was made use of the technique of collecting oral testimonies, since the old individuals were invited to narrate about their history of life related to the topics of interest of this research. Through a script of topics to be addressed in interviews with the elderly individuals, were investigated not only the bodily practices that were experienced by them throughout their lives ¿ eg, games, sports, dances, struggles, capoeira, gymnastics, etc. ¿ but also investigated experiences related to dimensions of the lives of these interviewees, such as work and retirement, formal education, informal education, non-formal education, leisure, cities in which they resided, health and care practices, family descendants and spirituality. It could be perceived that the empirical data obtained in this research were in agreement with the theoretical precepts of authors that investigate the body and bodily practices, understanding them as products of sociocultural construction. Have approached in the interviews with the elderly ones these dimensions mentioned above, in addition to having just asked about bodily practices that were experienced by them throughout their lives until now old, allowed the recognition of the importance of the sociocultural context in the construction process of the body and experiences of bodily practices performed by the individuals / Mestrado / Gerontologia / Mestra em Gerontologia

This thesis deals with human body detection and gestures tracking in videosequences. First, processing of videosequences in general is described. Further, different methods of human body detection are described and represented by significant papers. The most of the attention is focused on detection by real AdaBoost algorithm based on Haar-like features and Edgelet features. The practical part starts with selection of method that is implemented in this thesis. This method is detection by real AdaBoost based on Haar-like features. Further, different options of videosequence processing in JAVA are researched with justification of choice OpenCV library with JavaCV wrapper, which is used in this thesis. In the end, application itself is described, including description of GUI and description of each class and its functionality.