Thesis (M.Sc. (Human Kinetics & Ergonomics)) - Rhodes University, 2009.

Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 2009. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-129).

Thesis PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Marquette University, 2009. / Richard W. Marklin, Paula E. Papanek, Vikram Cariapa, Advisors.

Thesis, PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes special study report entitled : Towards a prototypical compact dwelling. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

Thesis PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

The objective of the present research was to establish the biomechanical, physiological and perceptual responses of male operators to dynamic pushing tasks. The pushing tasks were performed using an industrial pallet jack with varying load/frequency combinations, in a controlled laboratory environment. Thirty healthy male subjects comprised the sample. Experimental procedures were conducted utilising the Chatillon ™ Dynamometer to measure force output in the initial, sustained and ending phases. The K4b2 Ergospirometer was used to assess physiological responses (heart rate and oxygen consumption [V02])' Nine recorded forces and nine experimental conditions formed the basis of this study, with subjects required to push three loads (200kg, 350kg, 500kg) at three frequencies (1120 sec, 1/40 sec, 1/60 sec) at a speed of 3.6km.h-1 over 14 metres on a co-efficient of friction controlled walkway for six minutes. Gait analysis, along with perceptions of exertion (,Central ' and 'Local' RPE) were collected during the third and sixth minutes of each condition . Body discomfort and contribution were identified upon completion of each condition. The results demonstrated that load and frequency interacted to influence responses within each domain. Increasing loads required increased force output during each stage of the push, which had a concomitant effect on physiological and perceptual responses. Significant differences arose between the initial, sustained and ending forces for each load, showing the direct relationship between load and force exertion. The combination of heaviest load/quickest frequency required the greatest physiological output, exceeding recommended guidelines for heart rate, V02 and energy expenditure responses. Intermediate combinations required moderate and acceptable energy cost. Linear relationships were established between heart rate and oxygen consumption , as well as between load and V02 , thus providing industrial practitioners an opportunity to evaluate task demands in situ. The combination of high forces and elevated physiological responses increased the subjective rating of the condition. The results emphasise the need to holistically consider all contributing factors in a dynamic pushing task. Dynamic pushing tasks place biomechanical, physiological and perceptual demands on the human operator, which must be minimised in order to ensure that this form of manual materials handling becomes sustainable in the long term.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:10:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-04-15. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:26:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000844520.pdf: 79056772 bytes, checksum: 76bae87bd2afcf85e99daea71b42d4b9 (MD5) / No presente trabalho, foi realizada uma modificação estrutural em um esqui ergométrico comercial com o objetivo de acomodar pessoas com deficiência motora, de forma segura, visando a prática de atividades físicas. Dois acelerômetros e quatro células de carga foram instalados para o monitoramento dinâmico dos movimentos dos membros inferiores e a distribuição de carga sobre os pontos de apoio do esqui ergométrico. A adaptação de um assento anatômico no esqui possibilitou a acomodação de paraplégicos, de forma confortável, sem comprometer a liberdade na execução dos movimentos dos membros inferiores, produzidos com o auxílio dos braços. Nos testes realizados, não foi relatado desconforto algum por parte de dois paraplégicos sentados no esqui. Os quatro sensores de força utilizados apresentaram resposta linear, com coeficiente de correlação de 0,9928. Os acelerômetros foram calibrados de forma estática, com o auxílio do software LabVIEW, convertendo-se a sua variação angular em deslocamento de um ponto localizado no centro da plataforma de força, situada nos pés. Para a validação dos dados referentes ao comportamento dinâmico dos acelerômetros, um processo de decomposição de imagem baseada na análise de vídeos, em ambiente MATLAB, foi empregado. Os dados revelaram uma similaridade entre ambos os sistemas de medição, comprovada pelos valores RMS referentes à amplitude de movimento em um ensaio dinâmico com uma variação de 3,57% e 4,94% na direção horizontal, respectivamente, para os acelerômetros direito e esquerdo. Dois voluntários com paralisia cerebral (PC) participaram de testes realizados no esqui, acompanhados por um médico e um fisioterapeuta, por um período de três semanas, sendo os testes realizados três vezes por semana. Para efeito de comparação, dois voluntários hígidos foram submetidos aos testes. Os voluntários com PC apresentaram amplitude de movimento dos pés inferior em... / In this study, a structural change was made in a commercial ergonomic ski in order to accommodate paraplegic, safely, aimed at physical activity. Two accelerometers and four force sensors were installed for the dynamic monitoring of movements of the lower limbs and the charge distribution on the support points of the ergometric skiing. The adaptation of an anatomical seat in ski made possible the accommodation of paraplegics, comfortably without compromising freedom in the movements of the lower limbs, produced with the help of arms. The four force sensors showed linear response with a correlation coefficient of 0.9928. Accelerometers were calibrated in a static way, with the help of LabVIEW software, becoming its angular variation in displacement of a point at the center of the force plate, located on the feet. To validate the data on the dynamic behavior of accelerometers, an image decomposition process, based on video analysis in MATLAB, was employed. The data revealed a similarity between both measurement systems, as evidenced by RMS values for the range of motion in a dynamic test with a variation of 3.57% and 4.94%, respectively, for the right and left accelerometers, in the horizontal direction. Two volunteers with cerebral palsy (CP) participated in the tests on the ergonomic skiing, accompanied by a doctor and a physiotherapist for a period of three weeks, three times a week. For comparison, two healthy volunteers were subjected to the tests. Volunteers with CP had range of motion of the lower legs of 43% compared to healthy persons. A random distribution of force on the load platform was observed in the first test day, progressing to a uniform distribution over the repetitive trials

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-02T11:16:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014Bitstream added on 2014-12-02T11:21:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000797468.pdf: 3913720 bytes, checksum: cb32b171e9fe3cd0d8370bf3e89fc31f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A ergonomia é uma das ciências, se não a única, com data exata de seu nascimento - 12 de julho de 1949. No Brasil esta ciência tem pouco mais de 30 anos. A história da Ergonomia, ou seja, todo o período posterior à sua data de nascimento vem sendo muito estudada no Brasil e no mundo. Porém o que precede essa história, o que podemos chamar de pré-história da Ergonomia, até hoje foi pouco debatida. Para vários autores o início desta está relacionado à criação das primeiras ferramentas pelo Homem, ou seja, quando o homem primitivo sente a necessidade de adaptar instrumentos para facilitar suas tarefas cotidianas. Assim, a Arqueologia - ciência que estuda do passado do homem através de restos materiais de suas atividades, pode ser uma importante ferramenta para investigação desta hipótese e para a compreensão dos critérios que o homem já busca de conforto, segurança e facilidade na construção de suas ferramentas. O objetivo desta tese é a análise de ferramentas de pedra lascada desenvolvidas pelos Homens pré-históricos, avaliando principalmente as pega/empunhaduras de seus instrumentos, sendo possível apresentar dados e informações para a contextualização da história da ergonomia no Brasil. Foram utilizados como objetos de estudo artefatos líticos do CEMAARQ da UNESP de Presidente Prudente (SP), do Museu de Arqueologia e Paleontologia de Araraquara (SP) e do Museu Municipal de Jahu (SP). As peças arqueológicas escolhidas foram moldadas com mistura de borracha líquida de poliuretano, molde de silicone. Com o auxílio dos moldes os instrumentos arqueológicos foram reproduzidos - de maneira fiel com relação ao peso e cor - em resina de poliéster e cargas (areia e micro esferas de ferro fundido). Após a reprodução, as pegas/empunhaduras foram analisadas. O método utilizado para a avaliação do tipo de preensão foi o emprego de luvas dotadas de sensores FSRs que registram as cargas durante a... / Ergonomics is a science, if not the only one, with the exact date of its appearance - July 12, 1949. In Brazil, this science is just a little more than 30 years of age. The history of Ergonomics - i.e. the entire period following its date of birth - has been extensively studied in Brazil and worldwide. But what precedes this history, which we may call the pre-history of Ergonomics, has been little debated until now. For many authors, the beginning of this relates to the creation of the first Man-made tools, i.e. when primitive man feels the need to adapt tools to facilitate their everyday tasks. Thus, Archeology - the science that studies Man's past through material remains of their activities, can be an important tool for invesetigating this hypothesis and to understand the criteria that man already sought like comfort, safety and ease of construction of their tools. The aim of this thesis is the analysis of chipped stone tools developed by prehistoric men, specially, evaluating the grips/handles of their tools, being possible to provide data and information to contextualize the history of Ergonomics in Brazil. Lithic artifacts from the CEMAARQ of the UNESP of Presidente Prudente (SP), from the Museum the Archaeology and Paleontology of Araraquara (SP) and from the Municipal Museum of Jahu (SP) were used as objects os study. The archaeological pieces chosen were molded using a mixture of polyurethane liquid rubber (silicone mold). With the aid of the molds, the archaeological tools were reproduced accurately - regarding weight and color - in polyester resin and an addition of sand and micro spheres of iron. After the reproduction of the pieces, the grips/handles were analyzed. The method used for assessing the type of grip was the use of gloves equipped with FSRs sensors, which record the loads during the simulation of possible activities performed with lithic tools