A postura humana é um importante objeto de estudo na fisioterapia. Em especial, o estudo da postura sentada uma vez que este é o posicionamento corporal mais frequentemente adotado pelo homem. Sabe-se, ainda, que este é um posicionamento influenciado de forma significativa pelo mobiliário utilizado. Esta dissertação teve por objetivo analisar os efeitos na função pulmonar das posturas induzidas por dois sistemas cadeira-mesa diferentes, caracterizando a postura sentada e a função respiratória em cada mobiliário, correlacionando as posturas encontradas com o desempenho no teste de função pulmonar. Para atingir tal objetivo, inicialmente foram realizadas duas revisões sistemáticas sendo que a primeira abordou o tema A evolução do homem e a postura sentada: bases para o fisioterapeuta cujo objetivo era permitir a compreensão das sequelas mais comuns provocadas por diferentes posturas e entender as relações do indivíduo com seu meio ambiente, seu trabalho e com os aspectos sociais e culturais envolvidos nessa relação. A segunda revisão centrou-se no tema: Influência das variações da postura sentada na função respiratória revisão de literatura, por meio da qual foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica para descrever o conhecimento produzido sobre as alterações da função respiratória em diferentes posturas corporais, em especial na postura sentada, observando-se que embora as alterações da função pulmonar sejam mais significativas em indivíduos com doenças pulmonares, cardíacas e do envelhecimento. Porém, mesmo em indivíduos saudáveis as alterações nos testes de função pulmonar podem ultrapassar a variação dos valores considerados normais para uma dada posição No decorrer deste estudo, considerando que a postura sentada é o posicionamento corporal mais freqüentemente adotado pelo homem e é influenciada pelo mobiliário utilizado, foram avaliadas quinze voluntárias utilizando-se 2 sistemas cadeira-mesa, um convencional (sistema A) e um experimental (sistema B). Foi realizada a avaliação postural por meio de fotogrametria em cada um dos mobiliários. Estas imagens foram analisadas, estimando-se a postura média dos indivíduos em cada mobiliário. A avaliação pulmonar consistiu da realização de espirometria. Os valores encontrados foram analisados verificando-se as médias obtidas em cada postura. Os dados posturais e respiratórios foram comparados, verificando-se se as diferentes posições adotadas pelas participantes resultaram em alterações nos valores espirométricos. Como resultado encontrou-se que a cadeira convencional induziu dois diferentes padrões posturais, sendo que um deles apresentou ângulos articulares similares aos do sistema B, com resultados espirométricos semelhantes. Já o segundo grupo apresentou ângulos corporais de acordo com o previsto e resultados espirométricos significativamente inferiores em VEF1, VEF1/CVF e FEFmáx. O sistema B diferiu da postura ortostática somente em FEFmáx, sugerindo similaridade de situação. Desta forma, pode-se concluir que o mobiliário utilizado na postura sentada influencia de forma significativa na função respiratória. Neste estudo o mobiliário experimental mostrou-se uma ferramenta capaz de beneficiar a função respiratória na postura sentada, além de suscitar a possibilidade de opções ao uso do mobiliário convencional para beneficiar pessoas em condições especiais como gestantes, obesos e pessoas com doenças pulmonares crônicas / Human posture is an important object of study in physiotherapy. Specially, the study of sitting posture considering that this is the most frequently body positioning adopted by man. It is known that this is a positioning influenced significantly by the furniture used. This dissertation had intended to examine the effects on pulmonary function of the postures induced by two different table-chair systems, featuring the seated posture and respiratory function in each furniture, correlating those postures found with performance on the pulmonary function test. To achieve this purpose, initially two systematic reviews were conducted: the first related to the theme \"The evolution of man and the sitting posture: bases for the physiotherapist\" whose goal was to enable understanding of the most common sequelae caused by different postures and understand the relationships of individuals with their environment, their work and with the social and cultural aspects involved in this relationship. The second review focused on the theme: \"Influence of sitting posture changes in respiratory function review of the literature\", through which it was carried out a literature review to describe the knowledge produced about respiratory function changes in different postures, especially in a sitting posture, noting that although the pulmonary function changes are most significant in individuals with lung and heart diseases, and the elderly, even in healthy individuals changes function tests may exceed the variation of values considered normal for a given position. Throughout this study, considering that the sitting posture is the body positioning most frequently adopted by man and is influenced by the furniture used, fifteen volunteers were assessed using two Chair-table systems, one considered as a conventional system (the system) and an experimental one (System B). Postural assessment was carried out by means of photogrammetry in each furniture. These images were analyzed, estimating the average position of individuals in each furniture. Pulmonary evaluation consisted of performing spirometry. The values found were analysed by checking the means obtained in each posture. Postural and respiratory data were compared by checking whether the various positions adopted by the participants resulted in changes in the spirometric values. As a result it was found that the conventional chair led two different postural patterns, being one of them presented joint angles similar to system B, with similar spirometric results. The second group had body angles in accordance with the expected ones and spirometric results significantly lower in Fev1, Fev1/FVC and FEFmáx. System B differed from orthostatic posture only in FEFmáx, suggesting a similarity of situation. In this way, it can be concluded that the furniture used in sitting posture influences significantly respiratory function. In this study the experimental furniture proved a tool capable of benefiting the respiratory function in sitting posture, and raise the possibility of options when using conventional furniture to benefit people in special conditions such as pregnant women, obese and people with chronic lung diseases

Orientador: Luis Carlos Paschoarelli / Banca: Fausto Orsi Medola / Banca: Maria Lucia Ribeiro Leite Okimoto / Banca: Cassia Letícia Carrara Domiciano / Banca: Paula da Cruz Landim / Banca: Fernando José Carneiro Moreira da Silva / Resumo: O design ergonômico busca estabelecer parâmetros para aprimorar a interface entre homem e objeto. Destacam-se fatores subjetivos envolvidos nesta interface, como a função simbólica dos produtos e a emoção que este pode evocar. Estes fatores podem influenciar positivamente ou negativamente o uso de um produto, principalmente quando se tratam de produtos estigmatizados, como as tecnologias assistivas. Este estudo tem o objetivo de compreender que variáveis einfluênciam o estigma e as emoções relacionados ao uso da tecnologia assistiva, mais especificamente a cadeira de rodas. A investigação proposta teve caráter experimental e foram avaliados 20 indivíduos adultos usuários de cadeira de rodas (com idade entre 18 e 64 anos) igualmente distribuídos por gênero, utilizando-se leitor de expressão facial FaceReader (quantitativa) e avaliações relacionadas aos valores simbólicos e emocionais (qualitativa). Os procedimentos caracterizaram-se pela visualização de imagens com diferentes níveis de estímulos relacionados a cadeira de rodas. Os resultados apontaram diferenças significativas para a percepção simbólica e emocional entre diferentes modelos de Cadeiras de Rodas e também para participantes de diferentes gêneros. Além disto, a análise das demais variáveis estudadas também permitiram reflexão e discussão acerca de parâmetros de projetos para melhora do estigma atribuído a Cadeira de Rodas. / Abstract: Ergonomic design looks for establish parameters to improve the interface between human and object. Highlight factors involved in this interface, such as a symbolic function of the products and the emotions that can evoke. These factors can influence positively or negatively the use of a product, especially when it comes to stigmatized products, such as assistive technologies. This study aimed to understand the influence of stigma and emotions in the use of assistive technology, specifically the wheelchair. Proposed research has an experimental character and it was evaluated 20 adults individual wheelchair users (aged between 18 and 64 years), equally distributed by gender, using FaceReader (quantitative) and evaluations related to symbolic and emotional values (qualitative). Procedures were characterized by visualization of images with different levels of stimuli related to a wheelchair. Results showed difference significant to symbolic and emotional perception between diferente models of wheelchairs and also for participants of different genders. In addition, the analysis of the other variables studied also allowed reflection and discussion about projects parameters to improve the stigma attributed to wheelchair. / Doutor

Abstract not available

The primary objective of this research is to use the benefits offered by computerized three dimensional graphics and apply those to the field of human computer interaction. Focussing primarily on the interactive content of the 3D world, this research describes a range of innovative new interface elements demonstrating specific new 3Dinterfaces/components designed to provide a new interactive 3D method for handling a range of particular common real-world tasks (ranging from simple value setting tasks up to larger scale systems for browsing structured sets of hierarchical data). These systems incorporate new design concepts such as active 3D interfaces that present their data to the user rather than statically waiting for the user to interact with them (these systems prove particularly useful in the presentation of large sets of data). Overall this set of components introduces a range of new interface styles that prove very effective in many mainstream real world tasks.In addition to the development of these systems, this project demonstrates a new high level 3D interface development tool designed to simplify the challenge of constructing interactive 3D user interfaces and in doing so make 3D interface development available to a wider developer base. By constructing the components mentioned above in a structured generic form, this combination of a new development tool and a range of re-usable components provide a strong development platform, from which more complex interactive 3D interfaces can be constructed.In essence the core idea that underlies this research is making the construction of interactive and functional 3D interfaces simpler to undertake (by developing effective re-usable components to handle mainstream tasks) while at the same time generating resulting 3D interfaces that are more effective and more capable of providing users with an enjoyable and functional 3D working environment.

Thesis (M.S.) -- Mississippi State University. Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.) -- Mississippi State University. Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

With the advances in technology, clutter of mechanical indicators in the aircraft cockpit is replaced with digital displays. This revolution does not make only visual changes, but also changes the use of the cockpit design. Cockpit automation has changed cockpit design philosophy with many promised benefits such as improvements in the precision, improved system safety, efficiency of operations, less workload etc. However, to achieve perfect design has not been fulfilled yet. Despite providing innovation and easiness, cockpit automation brings about some &ldquo / Human Factors&rdquo / problems because of lack of support of human-machine interaction and cooperation. In this study, advantages and disadvantages of the cockpit automation will be discussed according to a survey that is conducted to pilots who fly with automated cockpits in Turkey about how automation affects them. The main purpose of this study is to contribute to the modifications of current cockpit systems and development of new design philosophy for advanced flight decks by gathering data from pilots&#039 / attitudes on cockpit automation philosophy.

Although, user requirements are critical for the conformance of a system (or a product) design with the user, they may be appraised late in the development processes. Hence, resources and schedules may be planned with the limitations of system oriented requirements. Therefore, late discovered critical feedbacks from the users may not be reflected to the requirements or the design. The focus of this thesis is how to determine the user requirements of first-of-a-kind interactive systems, early in the development process. First-of-a-kind interactive systems differentiate from others for not having experienced users and subject matter experts. Cognitive analysis techniques are investigated with the aim to discover and integrate user requirements early in the development processes of first-of-a-kind systems. Hybrid Cognitive Task Analysis, one of the cognitive analysis techniques, is carried out for the determination of user requirements of a system in the Human Robot Interaction area. Therefore, while exemplifying the methodology, its competency and correspondence with the domain is observed.

Everyday technologies are intended for use by everyone with no specific training and minimal instructions. Prior research (e.g., Norman, 2002; Polson&Lewis, 1990) suggests that these technologies are usable if users can leverage their prior experience. However, different users will leverage difference experiences to operate the same technologies (Blackler, Popovic,&Mahar, 2003a). This dissertation systematically examined use of prior knowledge in the operation of everyday technology by diverse users, specifically users of different ages and experience levels. In Study 1 encounters with everyday technologies were self-reported by younger adults, older adults with low technology experience, and older adults with high technology experience. Comparisons of technology repertoires for each participant group indicated similar usage between younger adults and high tech older adults that differed in expected domains. Low tech older adults used fewer technologies, but overall they used more than expected across domains. Prior experience generally helped participants have successful encounters, but in some cases introduced problems. In Study 2 video recorded observations were made during participant interactions with exemplar everyday technologies. Participants with more relevant experience generally performed better. Older adults exhibited more inter-individual variability in their performance levels. Appropriate use of prior experience, an unassuming approach to the interaction, and using information on the technology generally led to more successful performance. Results from both studies can provide theoretical and practical support for more effective design that reflects how the target population will use their prior experience.