- Crime of murder and killing under Section 140, Section 141 of the Czech Criminal Code The target of my thesis is primarily a closer analysis of the legal characteristics of subject matters of crimes of murder and killing under § 140 and 141 of the Criminal Code, based on the grounds of the available literature and case law. The first chapter outlines the history and conception of intentional killing on the Czech territory, including their punishment, since the primitive culture society until the adoption of the Law no. 40/2009 Coll. (Criminal Code). The second chapter is devoted to a brief definition of a new system of the problematics of crimes against life and health in the new Criminal Code, including various forms of intentional killing, and is designed as a general introduction for further explanation. In the next chapter, we discuss human life as an object of crime, with a focus on clarifying the issue of its beginning and end, because it is necessary to define the period in which human life is protected by the criminal law. In order to make the text more synoptic, the main explanation for the offence of murder is divided into two chapters. The first one is there for introduction to the basics of the subject matters of this crime. In the sub-chapter devoted to the subjective aspect I...

This thesis called "Crime of murder under Section 140 of the Criminal Code, criminal-law and criminological aspects" focuses mainly on description of variety aspects connected with the above mentioned crime. It does not thus concentrate only on a legal standpoint. In the beginning, it contains history of legal regulation of the crime of murder, depiction of punishment for such crime in a "historical" area of the Czech Republic within past centuries, as well as development of principles governing the main criminal codes (or regulations) throughout history. Term and principle of protection of the human life is, as an integral part and key term of the thesis, mentioned therein including very precise and detailed definition of the commencement and termination of the human life such moment being very important for determination whether the murder may have been, in certain cases, committed or not. Actually, right to life is also one of essential notions used also in international-law treaties and declarations whose list is also contained in the thesis. As it follows from the title of the thesis, its core shall be (and, indeed, is) represented by the valid legal regulation of the crime of murder under Czech law. After decades of usage of socialist criminal code, Act No. 40/2009 Coll., Criminal Code, as amended,...

Resumé This thesis called "Crime of murder and killing under Section 140, 141 of the Criminal Code" focuses mainly on description these two crimes, basic problems with interpretation of vague legal concept and evaluating the benefits of the new legislation. Thesis deals with the issue in terms of criminal law, not the criminological point of view. In the beginning, it contains the history of legal regulation of intentional killings in our country, development the protection of human life and main principles governing penal codes in Czech history. Subsequently, the thesis applies one's mind to the status of human life in the present. The protection of human life occupies one of the leading places in the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms of Czech Republic and in a new Criminal Code effective from the year 2010. Right to life is also the subject of many international treaties or declarations, the most important of them are mentioned. One chapter is devoted to question of precise determination the moment of commencement and termination of human life, which is very important for answering the other question, whether the crime of murder or killing, have been committed or not. The core of the thesis is devoted to characterizing the main elements in murder and killing. New criminal code, Act No. 40/2009,...

This thesis deals with the crimes of murder and manslaughter which are regulated under section 140 and 141 of the effective criminal code. The main objective of this thesis is to perform an analysis of the bodies of the mentioned crimes with the help of specialised literature and case law. This thesis is divided into seven parts further split into chapters and points. The first part, which is focused on the historical development of the examined crimes, especially in the period from the foundation of the independent Czechoslovakia to the moment of the enactment of the current criminal code, is split into two chapters. The dividing line between these chapters is the "legal biennial," more precisely the moment of the enactment of the criminal code from 1950 that unified and simplified the existing regulation of the intentional killings as well as the substantive criminal law as a whole. The second part is also divided into two chapters and it places the crimes of murder and manslaughter into a wider context of the first head of the special part of the criminal code and of the systematics of the intentional killings as well. The third part of this thesis is focused on the object (protected value) of the crimes of murder and manslaughter, which is the human life, more precisely the part of the human...

Resumé The goal of this thesis is to analyse corpora delicti of the crimes of murder and manslaughter according to sections 140 and 141 of the Criminal Code, evaluate their present application by Czech courts, and to point out possible solutions to some problematic or unclarified questions. In the beginning, the thesis concerns itself with historical development of intentional homicides in the Czech country with emphasis on great codifications of 18th and 19th century. Subsequently, the interest shifts onto the question of human life as an object of intentional homicides. The core of the thesis is a thorough analysis of the crimes of murder and manslaughter, their mutual relation, and systematic incorporation in the Criminal Code. After that, there follows a short comparative assessment of the same topic in French law according to Code pénal. Then, attention is paid to developmental stages of mentioned crimes. The chosen topic is methodologically addressed in a way that every subtopic is first examined from the doctrinal theoretical point of view, and then treated in the light of judicial practice. Thus, it is presented how Czech practise of the courts interprets the written law with emphasis on terms and features that have not been used in Czech law so far. The result of this thesis is mainly the discovery...

This master's thesis entitled "The Crime of Murder under Section 140 of the Czech Criminal Code, Criminal-law and Criminological Acpects" provides a comprehensive analysis of the most relevant criminal-law and criminological aspects of the crime mentioned above. As the aim of this thesis is to compose a comprehensive text, this thesis also refers to related legal institutes. It is composed of seven chapters and other subchapters and parts, which are connected and arranged in a logical order. There are also considerations de lege ferenda throughout the entire text. The opening part of this thesis deals with the historical development of the legal codification of murder from the Middle Ages until the contemporary Criminal Code which came into effect in 2010. This Criminal Code introduced some significant changes to the area of intentional killings and murders, especially. This thesis also characterises human life and precisely defines the beginning and end thereof. Such moments are pivotal for the purpose of this thesis as these moments are important for determination whether the murder may have been commited or not. A summary of international and internal legal codification which protect human life is also included. The main part of this thesis analyzes systematically the valid legal regulation of...

Work is a natural part of human life. Such is the phenomenon of death. This study investigate the relevancy of death within the context of the workplace. The goal of this study is to explore to what extent an bereaved employee is a troubled employee within the context of Employee Assistance Programs. The first objective is to conceptualize the death of a spouse and work performance. Secondly to launch an empirical investigation of the impact of the death of a spouse on the work performance of the bereaved employee. This study used a qualitative research mythology. The phenomenology research strategy helped to understand the meaning that the respondents gave to their experience of returning to the workplace after the death of their spouse. The population of this study were all working persons in the North West Province who lost a spouse through death. The sample consists of all working persons in Klerksdorp who lost a spouse through death. The criteria for the sample were persons within the age of 30 and 60 years who work full time that lost their spouse through death during April 2003 and April 2005 and don’t stand in a remarriage yet. A semi-structured questionnaire is used to guide the 10 one-to-one interviews as a data collection method. To analyze the data, classification is used to identify four general themes. The findings of the study show that every aspect of human life is affected by the death of a spouse. The bereaved employee can be a troubled employee, yet the South African workplace is not prepared to deal with death and it’s consequences. / Dissertation (MSD (Employee Assistance Programmes))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

Em nossa leitura do diálogo Fédon, partiremos da análise dos motivos que Sócrates apresenta para não temer a morte, os quais se baseiam no discurso acerca da natureza da alma, para analisar os indícios que a racionalidade, mais precisamente a phronesis, oferece acerca dos limites entre o domínio supra-sensível e o domínio da vida humana. Tal reflexo, ao mesmo tempo em que denuncia sua natureza e orienta o homem verso ao exercício de filosofar, dá indicações acerca das limitações do intelecto para dizer sobre esse domínio, distinto do domínio da sensibilidade. Verificaremos a colaboração da phronesis na elaboração do discurso sobre a imortalidade, o qual justifica o destemor da morte, e os vários sentidos em que podemos compreendê-la no diálogo. / In our searching of the dialogue Phaedo, we will start by analyzing the reasons that Socrates presents to not fear death, wich are based on discourse about the nature of the soul, to examine the evidence that rationality, specifically the phronesis, offers about the boundaries between the area of the super-sensitive and the human life´s area. Such reflection, while denouncing their nature and guides the man towards to the exercise of philosophy, also provides at same time references about the limitations of the intellect to say about this area, distinct of the area of sensitivity. We will check the collaboration of phronesis in the development of the discourse on immortality, wich justifies the fearlessness of the death, and the various ways in which we can understand it in dialogue.

The dimensions of the lumbar vertebrae are examined in order to determine if these measurements can be used to predict the age of an individual, and if the lumbar vertebrae exhibit sexual dimorphism. Various statistical techniques were utilized to analyze several dimensions of the lumbar vertebrae. Aging patterns in the lumbar elements are distinct between males and females, and females exhibit compression of the L3 element, which may be related to vertebral wedging. Some dimensions of the lumbar vertebrae are sexually dimorphic.

Šiame darbe yra gvildenama abortu legitimumo problema iš pradžių apžvelgiant pačią aborto sąvoką ir atsiradimo istoriją. Platesnė šios problemos analizė pateikiama žmogaus gyvybės kaip absoliučios vertybės, taip pat ir žmogaus privatumo kaip vertybės atžvilgiu. Čia bandoma išdėstyti katalikiškąją bei filosofinę pozicijas, pasisakančias už žmogaus gyvybės vertę bei saugojimą nuo pradėjimo momento. Apžvelgiamos ir priešingos koncepcijos, moters teise į abortą priskiriančios prie privačių interesų. Šių vertybių santykio kolizija analizuojama tiek Europos Sąjungos viršnacionalinės, tiek ir kai kurių Europos valstybių nacionalinės teisės lygmenyje. Atskirai nagrinėjama Lietuvos bei Jungtinių Amerikos Valstijų pozicija sprendžiant abortų legitimumo problema. / In this work the problem of legitimacy of abortions is analyzed by reviewing, first of all, the definition of abortion and history of its’ occurrence. Wider analysis of this problem is given from the point of view of human life as an absolute value as well as human privacy as a value. Herein it is tried to set forth catholic and philosophic positions that speak for the value of human life and its preservation since the moment of its’ beginning. Opposite conceptions that attribute woman’s right to abortion to private interests are also reviewed. Collision of relation between these values is analyzed in the level of supernational law of the European Union as well as in the level of national law of certain European states. Position of Lithuania and the United States of America in solution of the problem of abortion legitimacy is analyzed separately.