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Bento de Jesus Caraça - uma visão sobre o valor humano e o valor social da matemática e suas implicações no ensino / A vision about human value and social value of mathematics and its implications for teachingsAmaral, João Tomás do 02 June 2014 (has links)
A Matemática tem despertado forte interesse quanto ao seu ensino nos diversos níveis, com farta quantidade de estudos que visam diagnosticar as causas que produzem os desvios na aquisição do conhecimento matemático. Esses diagnósticos e as propostas de solução abrangem, entre outros, conteúdos, métodos, relação professor-aluno e livros didáticos. Esses percursos de investigação têm a intenção de amenizar ou resolver os problemas do processo de ensino e de aprendizagem em Matemática. Essas pesquisas têm se concentrado no trabalho empírico das aplicações de atividades para grupos de professores e alunos ou na análise de aspectos pedagógico, metodológico e didático de conteúdos com discussões abordadas num determinado período de tempo. Em geral, a Matemática é apresentada fundamentada nos conteúdos e nos métodos de forma essencialmente fragmentada, reprodutiva e tecnicista, desprovida de uma abordagem das ideias fundamentais, de um tratamento como cultura geral, do valor humano e do valor social da matemática. Essa abordagem consolida a concepção de que a matemática, cada vez mais, se distancia do interesse coletivo como um domínio de especialistas. Contrariamente, a matemática tem se constituído numa das áreas do conhecimento mais valorizadas em todos os sistemas de ensino em todo o mundo, abrangendo os mais variados níveis de escolarização e de formação. Essa supervalorização curricular da matemática comprova a importância deste campo do conhecimento que deve despertar e ser de interesse geral para todo cidadão. Enfrentamos uma contradição significativa, pois no nível do senso comum a matemática constitui-se num domínio de especialistas para poucos, enquanto nas políticas educacionais existe uma valorização curricular para todos, por sua presença nos diversos níveis de escolaridade. É fato que as pessoas matemáticos ou não-matemáticos necessitam das suas ideias fundamentais para o seu convívio cotidiano pessoal e profissional. É imprescindível encontrarmos uma maneira de pensar sobre a Matemática que possibilite a amenização significativa ou a eliminação desta profunda distorção existente em nosso sistema educacional a Matemática para poucos e a Matemática para todos. A negação dessa contradição e da antiga fragilidade quanto ao ensino e à aprendizagem da Matemática torna-se uma oportunidade para propormos uma concepção alternativa para melhorar a qualidade da sua apresentação, discussão, compreensão e utilização no cotidiano. Portanto, a inspiração na obra de Bento de Jesus Caraça na editada com especial atenção no livro Conceitos Fundamentais da Matemática, e na inédita constante do seu espólio cultural e intelectual arquivada em Portugal , por meio de uma organização sistematizada dessa produção, constitui-se numa trajetória que poderá subsidiar uma proposta de ensino e de aprendizagem de Matemática embasada nas ideias/conceitos fundamentais como importantes elementos da cultura geral, enfocando o valor humano e o valor social da matemática, em alternativa à sua questionada abordagem fragmentada, reprodutiva e tecnicista. / Mathematics has aroused strong interest in its teaching at different levels, with extensive number of studies aimed at diagnosing the causes that produce deviations in the acquisition of mathematical knowledge. Diagnoses and proposed solutions include, among others, content, methods, student-teacher ratio and textbooks. These research routes are intended to alleviate or solve the problems of the teaching and learning process in mathematics. These studies have focused on the empirical work of the applications activities for groups of teachers and students or analysis of pedagogical, didactic and methodological aspects of contents with discussions contained in a given period of time. In general, mathematics appears grounded in contents and methods with essentially fragmented, reproductive and technicist approach, which is devoid of the fundamental ideas of a treatment as a general culture, human value and social value of mathematics. This approach reinforces the idea that mathematics, increasingly moves away from the collective interest - domain experts. In contrast, mathematics has constituted one of the most valued areas of knowledge in all education systems around the world, including the most varied levels of education and training. This curriculum overvaluation of mathematics proves the importance of this field of knowledge that should awaken and be of general interest to all citizens. We face significant contradiction, since the population has the common sense that mathematics constitutes a domain expert - for the few, while the educational policies point out the curriculum enhancement - for everyone, for his or her presence at various levels of schooling. It is a fact that people - mathematicians and non- mathematicians - need the basic ideas for their everyday living - personal and professional. It is essential to find a way of thinking about mathematics that enables significant amelioration or elimination of this profound distortion existing in our educational system - Mathematics for the few and Mathematics for all. The denial of this contradiction and the former fragility as the teaching and learning of mathematics becomes an opportunity for proposing an alternative design to improve the quality of its presentation, discussion, understanding and use in everyday life. So the inspiration in the works of Bento de Jesus Caraça - edited with special attention to the book \"Fundamental Concepts of Mathematics\", and included in its unprecedented cultural and intellectual estate filed in Portugal - through a systematic organization of this production it is a path that can support a teaching and learning of mathematics grounded in fundamental ideas/concepts as important elements of the overall culture, focusing on the human value and social value of mathematics, instead of this being questioned in a fragmented, reproductive and technicist approach.
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Bento de Jesus Caraça - uma visão sobre o valor humano e o valor social da matemática e suas implicações no ensino / A vision about human value and social value of mathematics and its implications for teachingsJoão Tomás do Amaral 02 June 2014 (has links)
A Matemática tem despertado forte interesse quanto ao seu ensino nos diversos níveis, com farta quantidade de estudos que visam diagnosticar as causas que produzem os desvios na aquisição do conhecimento matemático. Esses diagnósticos e as propostas de solução abrangem, entre outros, conteúdos, métodos, relação professor-aluno e livros didáticos. Esses percursos de investigação têm a intenção de amenizar ou resolver os problemas do processo de ensino e de aprendizagem em Matemática. Essas pesquisas têm se concentrado no trabalho empírico das aplicações de atividades para grupos de professores e alunos ou na análise de aspectos pedagógico, metodológico e didático de conteúdos com discussões abordadas num determinado período de tempo. Em geral, a Matemática é apresentada fundamentada nos conteúdos e nos métodos de forma essencialmente fragmentada, reprodutiva e tecnicista, desprovida de uma abordagem das ideias fundamentais, de um tratamento como cultura geral, do valor humano e do valor social da matemática. Essa abordagem consolida a concepção de que a matemática, cada vez mais, se distancia do interesse coletivo como um domínio de especialistas. Contrariamente, a matemática tem se constituído numa das áreas do conhecimento mais valorizadas em todos os sistemas de ensino em todo o mundo, abrangendo os mais variados níveis de escolarização e de formação. Essa supervalorização curricular da matemática comprova a importância deste campo do conhecimento que deve despertar e ser de interesse geral para todo cidadão. Enfrentamos uma contradição significativa, pois no nível do senso comum a matemática constitui-se num domínio de especialistas para poucos, enquanto nas políticas educacionais existe uma valorização curricular para todos, por sua presença nos diversos níveis de escolaridade. É fato que as pessoas matemáticos ou não-matemáticos necessitam das suas ideias fundamentais para o seu convívio cotidiano pessoal e profissional. É imprescindível encontrarmos uma maneira de pensar sobre a Matemática que possibilite a amenização significativa ou a eliminação desta profunda distorção existente em nosso sistema educacional a Matemática para poucos e a Matemática para todos. A negação dessa contradição e da antiga fragilidade quanto ao ensino e à aprendizagem da Matemática torna-se uma oportunidade para propormos uma concepção alternativa para melhorar a qualidade da sua apresentação, discussão, compreensão e utilização no cotidiano. Portanto, a inspiração na obra de Bento de Jesus Caraça na editada com especial atenção no livro Conceitos Fundamentais da Matemática, e na inédita constante do seu espólio cultural e intelectual arquivada em Portugal , por meio de uma organização sistematizada dessa produção, constitui-se numa trajetória que poderá subsidiar uma proposta de ensino e de aprendizagem de Matemática embasada nas ideias/conceitos fundamentais como importantes elementos da cultura geral, enfocando o valor humano e o valor social da matemática, em alternativa à sua questionada abordagem fragmentada, reprodutiva e tecnicista. / Mathematics has aroused strong interest in its teaching at different levels, with extensive number of studies aimed at diagnosing the causes that produce deviations in the acquisition of mathematical knowledge. Diagnoses and proposed solutions include, among others, content, methods, student-teacher ratio and textbooks. These research routes are intended to alleviate or solve the problems of the teaching and learning process in mathematics. These studies have focused on the empirical work of the applications activities for groups of teachers and students or analysis of pedagogical, didactic and methodological aspects of contents with discussions contained in a given period of time. In general, mathematics appears grounded in contents and methods with essentially fragmented, reproductive and technicist approach, which is devoid of the fundamental ideas of a treatment as a general culture, human value and social value of mathematics. This approach reinforces the idea that mathematics, increasingly moves away from the collective interest - domain experts. In contrast, mathematics has constituted one of the most valued areas of knowledge in all education systems around the world, including the most varied levels of education and training. This curriculum overvaluation of mathematics proves the importance of this field of knowledge that should awaken and be of general interest to all citizens. We face significant contradiction, since the population has the common sense that mathematics constitutes a domain expert - for the few, while the educational policies point out the curriculum enhancement - for everyone, for his or her presence at various levels of schooling. It is a fact that people - mathematicians and non- mathematicians - need the basic ideas for their everyday living - personal and professional. It is essential to find a way of thinking about mathematics that enables significant amelioration or elimination of this profound distortion existing in our educational system - Mathematics for the few and Mathematics for all. The denial of this contradiction and the former fragility as the teaching and learning of mathematics becomes an opportunity for proposing an alternative design to improve the quality of its presentation, discussion, understanding and use in everyday life. So the inspiration in the works of Bento de Jesus Caraça - edited with special attention to the book \"Fundamental Concepts of Mathematics\", and included in its unprecedented cultural and intellectual estate filed in Portugal - through a systematic organization of this production it is a path that can support a teaching and learning of mathematics grounded in fundamental ideas/concepts as important elements of the overall culture, focusing on the human value and social value of mathematics, instead of this being questioned in a fragmented, reproductive and technicist approach.
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Metody oceňování lidského života / Methods of human life valuationKuchyňa, Pavel January 2011 (has links)
The aim of the paper is to research possible approaches to valuation of human life and to explore possible situations leading to such valuation. Another goal is to create a systematic description of categories of value and to provide compact description of the problem. In order to create a system, the thesis maps premises and criteria. The result is identification of methods that are frequently used both abroad and in Czech Republic. Values differ based on the category of value. The paper identifies methods, comments on them and classifies them.
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Quantifying human needs? : A case study of the Swedish disability policy concerning personal assistance support for basic needsLock, Sara-Lina January 2021 (has links)
This case study aimed to do a critical, intersectional, policy analysis of a disability policy regarding personal assistance support for basic human needs in everyday life. In January 2019, a comprehensive preparatory report about new suggestions was presented by the Swedish Government. This caused many reactions from disability rights organisations. One particular topic became heated and criticized in the debates, namely interpretations of the legal texts about personal assistance support concerning help with breathing and nutrition feeding. I have analysed interpretations of this legal text in the preparatory report, referral response and its result in the Government bill. The analysis shows problematic, normative understandings about the body and how a specific integrity demand have affected whether a person has been entitled to personal assistance to support their basic needs. Cost efficiency, quantification, and measurable goals are increasingly visible in the Swedish welfare society. People with disabilities and their entitlement to assistance have decreased for the sake of productivity and cost reductions. An intersectional perspective of the policy’s legal texts illustrates how it lacks an essential understanding of human values. There is a need for a deeper perspective of empathy to see that basic human needs are non-measurable.
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I only want to be human : Disembarkation platforms for refugees - not concentration campsEdvinsson, Berit January 2019 (has links)
In this study I have studied the European Unions suggestion about disembarkation of refugees from a human rights perspective - especially the perspective of human value and human dignity. Human dignity is central. It is expressed in the preamble to the UN Human Rights, as well as in its first paragraph; “Everyone has the right to dignity, and it shall not be violated.” I have studied refugees that have previously spent time in large refugee camps outside Europe, in Jordan and in Libya. In my study I use Libya as an example on what refugees can face in camps in third-world countries. The subject caught my attention since the Norwegian ship MS Tampa picked up refugees on international water outside Australia. The Norwegian captain tried to leave them on Australian land but was refused to do so. Australia sent a military boat to pick them up and left them at an island outside Australia. Moreover European politicians have discussed the idea of off-shore, placements of refugees at disembarkation camps as a way of solving the problem of huge number of refugees that are looking for asylum in Europe as well as the many deaths at the Mediterranean Sea. There has also been a discussion on quota refugees chosen by the UNHCR. This made me wonder how the situation would be for the remaining refugees that will stay in these large camps, maybe for years, as well as how their human rights are respected in camps outside Europe where Europe have no control? How does this correspond to the principle of human value? In my qualitative study I started by making a literature study. Thereafter continued with an interview study where I interviewed refugees that have stayed at camps outside Europe. The purpose of the interview and the study was to take part of their narratives and to make their voices heard. I found that the narrative of refugees is not heard, this makes them feel less valued as human, or not even a human. Their dignity is violated, and their human rights are not respected. Their interests have been forced to give way to the interest of the state.
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