Personlig assistans kan anses som unikt i Sverige i sitt utförande och ges till personer med funktionsnedsättning. Huvuduppgiften för en assistent är att stödja individen till ett aktivt liv utefter dennes behov och vilja. KASAM tas upp som en viktig del då teorin utgår från att alla individer ska ha en meningsfull tillvaro. Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur personliga assistenter ser på sin yrkesroll idag. Sju kvinnor och en man intervjuades från samma organisation under 35 minuter vardera. Intervjuerna meningskoncentrerades sedan och ur analysen framkom fyra centrala teman som resultatet sedan baserades på: 1) motivation, roll och yrkets innebörd, 2) bemötande och förhållningssätt, 3) arbetets innehåll, samt 4) socialt stöd och trygghet. Yrkesrollen för en assistent handlar om: (1) känna sig behövd, (2) fungera som ett stöd, (3) inget genomtänkt arbetssätt finns, (4) rutinmässig vardag, (5) bristfälligt chefsstöd, (6) anställningstrygghet. Ingen samhörighet bland assistenterna inom organisationen finns.

<p>This essay is about personal assistance for persons with considerable intellectual disabilities.</p><p>The purpose with the study is: to examine personal assistance for individuals, who can`t speak</p><p>for themselves, to examine how the individuals can determine and get influence into their</p><p>assistance and how they can get help with it, to examine the role of an representative in</p><p>relation to the serviceuser´s assistance and examine if there are factors of gender in the</p><p>interviews.</p><p>The chosen method is qualitative interviews.</p><p>The interviews has been analysed through earlier research about personal assistance and</p><p>theoretical perspectives like: influence, integration and citizenship and discussed through</p><p>perspectives of social psychology.</p><p>The main conclusions are: the influence the serviceusers can have is through persons who</p><p>know them very well, the role of the representatives are indistinct, the serviceusers can´t</p><p>determine their assistance themselves and need help with it from relatives, representatives,</p><p>personal assistants and managers, the persons who know the serviceuser intimately are best to</p><p>transform the needs to assistance. The factors of gender, are that there are more men as</p><p>personal assistants than in the care of elderly, and the representatives are mostly men. The</p><p>personal assistants appreciates the time they have for the serviceuser, the work can be lonely</p><p>and demanding.</p>

<p>This essay is about personal assistance for persons with considerable intellectual disabilities.</p><p>The purpose with the study is: to examine personal assistance for individuals, who can`t speak</p><p>for themselves, to examine how the individuals can determine and get influence into their</p><p>assistance and how they can get help with it, to examine the role of an representative in</p><p>relation to the serviceuser´s assistance and examine if there are factors of gender in the</p><p>interviews.</p><p>The chosen method is qualitative interviews.</p><p>The interviews has been analysed through earlier research about personal assistance and</p><p>theoretical perspectives like: influence, integration and citizenship and discussed through</p><p>perspectives of social psychology.</p><p>The main conclusions are: the influence the serviceusers can have is through persons who</p><p>know them very well, the role of the representatives are indistinct, the serviceusers can´t</p><p>determine their assistance themselves and need help with it from relatives, representatives,</p><p>personal assistants and managers, the persons who know the serviceuser intimately are best to</p><p>transform the needs to assistance. The factors of gender, are that there are more men as</p><p>personal assistants than in the care of elderly, and the representatives are mostly men. The</p><p>personal assistants appreciates the time they have for the serviceuser, the work can be lonely</p><p>and demanding.</p>

This essay is about personal assistance for persons with considerable intellectual disabilities. The purpose with the study is: to examine personal assistance for individuals, who can`t speak for themselves, to examine how the individuals can determine and get influence into their assistance and how they can get help with it, to examine the role of an representative in relation to the serviceuser´s assistance and examine if there are factors of gender in the interviews. The chosen method is qualitative interviews. The interviews has been analysed through earlier research about personal assistance and theoretical perspectives like: influence, integration and citizenship and discussed through perspectives of social psychology. The main conclusions are: the influence the serviceusers can have is through persons who know them very well, the role of the representatives are indistinct, the serviceusers can´t determine their assistance themselves and need help with it from relatives, representatives, personal assistants and managers, the persons who know the serviceuser intimately are best to transform the needs to assistance. The factors of gender, are that there are more men as personal assistants than in the care of elderly, and the representatives are mostly men. The personal assistants appreciates the time they have for the serviceuser, the work can be lonely and demanding.

This essay is about personal assistance for persons with considerable intellectual disabilities. The purpose with the study is: to examine personal assistance for individuals, who can`t speak for themselves, to examine how the individuals can determine and get influence into their assistance and how they can get help with it, to examine the role of an representative in relation to the serviceuser´s assistance and examine if there are factors of gender in the interviews. The chosen method is qualitative interviews. The interviews has been analysed through earlier research about personal assistance and theoretical perspectives like: influence, integration and citizenship and discussed through perspectives of social psychology. The main conclusions are: the influence the serviceusers can have is through persons who know them very well, the role of the representatives are indistinct, the serviceusers can´t determine their assistance themselves and need help with it from relatives, representatives, personal assistants and managers, the persons who know the serviceuser intimately are best to transform the needs to assistance. The factors of gender, are that there are more men as personal assistants than in the care of elderly, and the representatives are mostly men. The personal assistants appreciates the time they have for the serviceuser, the work can be lonely and demanding.

An LSS officer’s activities are governed by laws and regulations and it has great power in influencing the individual's situation when reweaving its case. Officer’s actions have effects on the applicant and it can use its power and not look after the individual's best. Its interest can lie in community and his own position. This study deals with the officers’ ways to assess and officers in it are working for two different municipalities in Sweden. The purpose of this study is to determine if the assessment of the right to personal assistance is consistent with what the law stipulates. The intention is to find out whether it differs between different officers, that is, if the various municipalities relate to the same principles. If municipalities do not consider the same premises, there is a risk that the individual does not get the help that it needs. For this topic I used a vignette study, which aims to find out how people are reviewing different situations. Informants may have access to one or more hypothetical situation and were asked to answer questions and talk about how they appreciate the situation. In this study, the different municipalities gave different rulings.

The inspiration for this essay started with my own experience of an issue within personal assistance. I witnessed a situation where a user expressed a reluctance to receive support from personal assistants with another ethnicity. There is something called “self-determination” which is a statutory right who follows from the legal act named Lagen om stöd och service till vissa funktionshindrade (LSS). Personal assistance is one of many supports people with disabilities can be entitled to within the rights of LSS and when it comes to personal assistance especially, the user’s right to self-determination is significant. According to the right of self-determination the user should be given considerable influence when the employer hires the personal assistant. The problematic aspects of this is when the user require someone, or express an aversion of someone, with a certain ethnicity. The self-determination can therefore collide with another strong law which is the discrimination act (Diskrimineringslagen, DL). Since special treatment because of ethnicity is forbidden according to DL, the main question this essay aims to investigate is how to interpret these two legislations when they collide in this type of situation. Different interpretations cause employers to act differently which leads to different opportunities for assistants and users depending on the municipality they live in, therefore it is an important question which needs to be investigated.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka och fastställa vad som menas med de grundläggande behoven som anges i 9 a § 1 st. LSS, nämligen personlig hygien, måltid, att ta på och av kläder, att kommunicera med andra och annan hjälp som förutsätter ingående kunskap om den funktionshindrade. För att uppfylla syftet har jag för det första valt att undersöka vilka förutsättningar som behöver vara uppfyllda för att någon ska ha rätt till personlig assistans. Slutsatsen som jag här kunnat dra är att det krävs att många förutsättningar är uppfyllda för att assistans ska beviljas. En person behöver till att börja med omfattas av personkretsen i 1 § LSS och därefter behöver det hjälpbehov som föreligger innefatta de grundläggande behoven. Att dessa två förutsättningar är uppfyllda är emellertid inte tillräckligt, för att kunna beviljas assistans måste hjälpbehovet dessutom anses vara av privat och känslig karaktär och således känslig för den personliga integriteten. Rätten till personlig assistans kan dessutom begränsas av föräldraansvaret och om ett hjälpbehov ska bli tillgodosett genom en hälso- och sjukvårdsinsats som således åligger ett landsting att tillgodose.Angående vad de grundläggande behoven innefattar har jag för det första kommit fram till att det som avses med personlig hygien är sådant som faller inom begreppet renlighet, nämligen att tvätta sig, sköta toalettbestyr, tandborstning och nagelklippning. Det måste dock anses vara av den privata och känsliga karaktären. Varma bad och massage har inte ansetts ingå i detta behov då det inte ansetts vara av denna karaktär. Behovet hjälp med måltid innefattar endast själva näringstillförseln. Med detta avsågs tidigare endast att få hjälp att föra maten till munnen men numera är hur näringen tillförs kroppen inte avgörande. Att behöva hjälp med på- och avklädning innefattas även det i grundläggande behov endast om det är av privat och känslig natur. Det som vanlig anses vara av denna karaktär är den på- och avklädning som sker av kläderna närmast kroppen, såsom underkläder och byxor. Den på- och avklädning av ytterkläder och skor innefattas vanligen inte. Hjälp med kommunikation anses endast ingå i de grundläggande behoven om en assistent måste finnas tillgänglig för att kommunikation överhuvudtaget ska anses vara möjlig. Detta kan vara fallet då den funktionshindrade kommunicerar genom bilder, signaler i beteende eller ansiktsuttryck som någon utan kunskap om denne inte har möjlighet att förstå. Av det grundläggande behovet annan hjälp som förutsätter ingående kunskap om den funktionshindrade omfattas sedan 2015 endast personer med psykiska funktionshinder. Den hjälp som här innefattas är så kallad aktiv tillsyn av övervakande karaktär, vilket kan behövas antingen för att övervaka att personen tillgodoser sina andra grundläggande behov genom så kallade kvalificerade motiverings- och aktiveringsinsatser eller för att hindra den enskilde från att skada sig själv, andra eller egendom.Vid arbetet med min andra frågeställning, hur grundläggande och personliga behov förhåller sig till varandra, kom jag fram till att detta är ett hjälpbehov utöver de grundläggande behoven. För att beviljas assistans krävs att det föreligger ett hjälpbehov som innefattar de grundläggande behoven och först då kan assistans beviljas även för andra personliga behov. Det har av HFD och Försäkringskassan anförts att de behov som efter deras bedömning kan anses gå utöver de grundläggande behoven kan anses ingå i andra personliga behov. Detta innebär att även om matlagning, inköp och bestämmande av mat inte ingår i det grundläggande behovet måltid så kan en funktionshindrad beviljas assistans för detta utöver den hjälp som denne behöver med intagandet av måltiden. Från och med april 2018 är det dessutom uttryckligen reglerat i LSS att assistans för andra personliga behov avser även väntetid, beredskap och tid mellan olika hjälpbehov vid aktiviteter utanför den funktionshindrades hem.

Personal assistance (PA) is one of types of comprehensive care of people with health handicap, but it is very special, because client himself chooses type, extent and use of care. Without PA services, client would be dependent to live permanently in a treatment institution, where he would be nursed. At the beginning this essay informs readers about PA Tudory. On the first pages information concerning users and providers of this social service are elaborated. Further an author considers a new law Code Number 108/2006 Coll. about social services, valid from 1/1/2007, where the assistance is mentioned for the first time. On the other pages he describes changes, which the new law brings either for providers or users of PA. Mapping and definition of problems concerning this social service is a main intent of this essay. Autor tried to compare opinions of clients and their dependants with personal assistants´opinions, if each of mentioned groups understands problems equally or differently. Readers should among others learn what this profession means and make a picture how assistance runs and which person is able to pursue it. This essay deals with problems of PA and its mission is to show these problems. The main asset is in outlining problems of PA, considering respondents´opinions, who were users, personal assistents and families with health handicap and familiarization readers with personality of assistant and social service of PA. Asset of this essay is even bigger by enactment of the new law about social services and because of this, new problems in providing this services have arisen.

ŘEHÁKOVÁ, Radka. A Personal Assistance for People with Mental Disorder in Chosen Areas. Praha: Philosophical Faculty, Charles University, 2012, 72 pp. Master's Thesis. The diploma thesis attends to personal assistance for people with mental disorder. The thesis is divided on theoretic and experimental part. The theoretic section describes people with mental disorder and summarises problems of personal assistance comprehensively. This part also gives an overview of contemporary services and trends in care for people with mental infliction in the Czech Republic. The experimental section consists of two parts. The first part focuses on mapping and basic characteristics of organization offering personal assistance to people with mental disorderb in Královéhradecký region and Prague. The data found out in both regions are comapared to each other. The aim of the second part of the research is to learn information and attitude of users' parents to service provided in chosen regions. Keywords: personal assistance, people with mental disorder, personal assistant, organization providing personal assistance, parents of users of personal assistance