Lors de leur stockage ou de leur exposition, les objets du patrimoine sont soumis à des processus physico-chimiques d’altération liés à leur environnement et en particulier à l’action de polluants primaires (e.g. dioxyde de soufre, oxydes d’azote), secondaires (ozone) ou de composés organiques volatils (COVs). Il a été démontré que ces gaz/vapeurs se comportent comme des agents d’hydrolyse et d’oxydation. L’acide acétique fait partie des COVs ayant un impact considérable et reconnu dans la conservation des objets du patrimoine en particulier des films photographiques. En vue de lutter contre ses effets délétères, ce projet de thèse s’est focalisé sur la conception de nouveaux matériaux poreux hybrides multifonctionnels appelés « Metal-Organic Frameworks » (MOFs) pour la capture sélective de l’acide acétique en présence d’humidité (40% humidité relative) et à température ambiante. Les remarquables propriétés d’adsorption (sensibilité, sélectivité et capacité) et la grande versatilité des MOFs (balance hydrophile/hydrophobe, taille/forme des pores,…) ont été utilisés pour préconcentrer de façon sélective l’acide acétique en milieu humide. Les matériaux les plus performants ont ensuite été préparés sous forme de nanoparticules pour l’élaboration de films minces de qualité optique afin d’en étudier les propriétés d’adsorption et de co-adsorption (acide acétique/eau) par ellipsométrie. L’incorporation de nanoparticules métalliques plasmoniques a ensuite été effectuée afin de concevoir un capteur colorimétrique. L’objectif final de ce travail est de concevoir un nouveau type d’adsorbant caractérisé par une capacité et une sélectivité d’adsorption élevée et dont on pourrait aisément déterminer le niveau de saturation en acide acétique afin d’anticiper son remplacement et ainsi assurer la préservation des objets stockés et exposés dans les musées. / During their storage or their exhibition, the cultural heritage objects undergo physicochemical alteration processes related to their environment and in particular to the action of primary (e.g. sulfur dioxide, nitric oxides), secondary (ozone) pollutants or Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). It has been demonstrated that these gases/vapors are involved in hydrolysis and oxidation reactions. Among the most common VOCs encountered in museums, Acetic acid has a significant and recognized role in the deterioration of cultural heritage objects such as photographic films. In order to face this issue, this Ph.D. thesis focused on the design of new porous multifunctional hybrid materials denoted « Metal-Organic Frameworks » (MOFs) for the selective capture of acetic acid in the presence of moisture (40% relative humidity) and at room temperature. The remarkable adsorption properties (sensitivity, selectivity and capacity) and the great versatility of MOFs (hydrophicity/hydrophobicity balance, size/shape of pores,…) were used to preconcentrate selectively the acetic acid in humid conditions. The most performing materials were then prepared as nanoparticles and then used for the elaboration of high optical quality thin films in order to study the coadsorption (acetic acid/water) properties of MOFs by ellipsometry. The incorporation of plasmonic metal nanoparticles was then carried out in order to design a colorimetric sensor. The final objective is to devise a novel type of adsorbent that integrates a high VOC adsorption capacity and selectivity under humid conditions and an easy on-line monitoring of their saturation capacityin order to anticipate its replacement and therefore ensure the preservation of the stored and exhibited objects in museums.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:21:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 2327613 bytes, checksum: f00253c0aa2d19ea796c913391f763e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Lamellar silicates have been studied due their surface properties and lamellar structure. In this context, the magadiite and vermiculite, which are synthetic and natural lamellar silicates, respectively, can be chemically modified and applied as supports for immobilization of organic groups resulting in multifunctional solids. In this work was investigated the synthesis of nanoestructured solids, applying acid magadiite and sodium and lixiviated vermiculites (using HNO3 in the concentrations of 0.3; 0.5 and 0.8 mol dm-3) as supports for immobilization of the compounds ethylene sulfide (ES), 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane (CPTS) and 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine (AMP), forming the hybrids MagES, VCl and VAMP, respectively. The solids were characterized by elemental analysis of CHN, x-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, termogravimetry, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, 29Si and 13C NMR and scanning electronic microscopy. For the reaction of the molecule ES with magadiite, the maximum immobilized quantity of sulfur was 1.59 mmol/g. For the reactions of the vermiculites with the silane CPTS, the data were 1.78, 1.54 and 2.45 mmol/g of organic groups in the solids V0,3Cl, V0,5Cl and V0,8Cl, respectively. Between the silanized solids, the matrix V0,5Cl showed the higher number of molecules of the reagent AMP anchored comparing with the other lixiviated solids, showing the value of 1.64 mmol/g of nitrogen. The materials were applied for the retention of metallic ions Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ from aqueous solutions. The better conditions were established by kinetic and equilibrium tests. The maximum adsorption was observed for the ion Pb2+ in the solid MagES2, with retention of 0.59 mmol/g and for Cu2+ in the solid V0,5AMP with adsorption of 1.54 mmol/g. The adsorption processes were described by pseudo-second order kinetic. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were used for fitting of the experimental data showing good correlation. The results indicated that the organic modified solids were potential adsorbents for removing of metallic cations from aqueous solutions. / Os silicatos lamelares têm sido estudados devido à suas propriedades superficiais e estrutura lamelar. Neste contexto a magadeíta e a vermiculita que são silicatos lamelares sintético e natural, respectivamente, podem ser quimicamente modificados sendo aplicados como suportes para imobilização de compostos orgânicos resultando em sólidos multifuncionais. Neste trabalho se investigou a síntese de sólidos nano-estruturados, utilizando magadeíta ácida e vermiculitas (sódica e lixiviadas com HNO3 nas concentrações 0,3; 0,5 e 0,8 mol dm-3) como suportes na imobilização dos compostos etileno sulfeto (ES), 3-cloropropiltrimetoxisilano (CPTS) e o 1-(2-aminoetil)piperazina (AMP), originando os híbridos MagES, VCl e VAMP, respectivamente. Os sólidos foram caracterizados pelas técnicas de difratometria de raios X, espectroscopia na região do infravermelho, análise termogravimétrica, análise de adsorção e dessorção de nitrogênio, análise elementar, RMN de 29Si e 13C e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Na reação da molécula ES com magadeíta, a quantidade máxima imobilizada foi 1,59 mmol/g de enxofre. Para as reações das vermiculitas com o silano CPTS, os valores de grupos orgânicos foram 1,78, 1,54 e 2,45 mmol/g nos sólidos V0,3Cl, V0,5Cl e V0,8Cl, respectivamente. Entre os sólidos silanizados, a matriz V0,5Cl apresentou o maior número de moléculas do reagente AMP ancoradas em relação aos demais, cujo valor foi 1,64 mmol/g de nitrogênio. Os materiais foram aplicados para retenção de íons metálicos de Cu2+, Pb2+ e Cd2+ em solução aquosa. As melhores condições mediante ensaios cinéticos e de equilíbrio foram empregadas. A adsorção máxima de Pb2+ pelo sólido MagES2 foi 0,59 mmol/g e para o sólido nitrogenado V0,5AMP a adsorção máxima de Cu2+ foi 1,54 mmol/g. Os processos adsortivos seguiram uma cinética de pseudo-segunda ordem. Os modelos de Langmuir e Freundlich foram utilizados para ajustar os dados experimentais, apresentando boa correlação. Os resultados indicaram que os sólidos organicamente modificados são potenciais adsorventes na remoção de cátions metálicos de solução aquosa.